Ua ntej peb pib kawm cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas prosphora ci, cia peb paub seb prosphora yog dab tsi. Khoom noj hauv lub Koom Txoos yog ib lub cim ntawm Tswv Yexus. Tus Tswv nws tus kheej tau hais txog qhov no: "Kuv yog lub ncuav ntawm txoj sia." Tswv Yexus yog lub ncuav mog qab zib saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, uas coj tib neeg txoj sia mus rau qhov kev ua tiav ntawm Divine txoj sia nyob mus ib txhis.
YProsphora
Yog li ntawd, prosphora tau dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm pawg ntseeg liturgical lub neej. Thiab txij li lub Koom Txoos tsis tuaj yeem nyob tsis muaj Liturgy, kev mloog lus xws li ci prosphora yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tom qab ntawd kuv xav li cas nws tau txais hauv Russia?
Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, prosphora tuaj yeem ci txhua yam, raws li nws tau suav hais tias yog kev fij rau lub tuam tsev. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws tau xaiv los ntawm cov khoom plig no, thiab Divine Liturgy tau txais kev pab rau lawv. Lub sijhawm ntawd, yuav luag txhua tus niam tsev paub yuav ua li cas ci ncuav. Thaum mus koom pawg ntseeg, lawv paub tias cov mov ci, ntsev, dej thiab hmoov yuav tsum tau ua kom ci prosphora. Txhua tus niam tsev tuaj yeem ci prosphora tom tsev thiab coj mus rau lub tuam tsev.
Nyob hauv tebchaws Greece,Piv txwv li, hnub no koj tuaj yeem yuav hauv khw thiab coj mus rau lub tuam tsev ua kev fij.
Yuav ua li cas ci?
Thoob plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb Orthodox, prosphora tau ci nrog kev thov Vajtswv txij thaum ub. Thiab tsuas yog cov neeg tsim prosphora lawv tus kheej paub tias nws nyuaj npaum li cas thiab lub luag haujlwm ua haujlwm. Lub luag hauj lwm tsuas yog aggravated los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias prosphora yog liturgical qhob cij. Thiab qhov ntawd yuav tsum tau ua kom siav kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub peev xwm.
Hauv cov tuam tsev, kev hwm thiab kev thov Vajtswv tus cwj pwm ntawm prosphora yeej tsis tso tseg. Cov txheej txheem no pib sib npaug nrog lub tsev teev ntuj tiag tiag.
Thiab ntawm no, ib yam nkaus, koj yuav tsum paub tias hom hmoov nplej twg uas yog prosphora ci los ntawm, thiab hom poov xab yuav tsum yog dab tsi. Hais txog Asmeskas cov hmoov nplej, nws feem ntau yog bleached nrog chlorine kom tau cov xim dawb-dawb, thiab qhov tseeb nws tsis haum rau ci prosphora.
Ntau tus niam tsev nyiam siv Fabkis cov poov xab, tab sis lawv kuj tsis haum rau ci, vim lawv tam sim ntawd muab cov pa roj carbon dioxide ntau thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thiab qhov no yog kev puas tsuaj rau kev ci ntau ntawm prosphora tib yam. sij hawm. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li qhov kev sim - cov poov xab yuav "khiav tawm". Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv peb cov poov xab hauv tsev.
Yuav ua li cas prosphora ci hauv monasteries
Ntawm qhov piv txwv ntawm Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, Kuv xav qhia yuav ua li cas lub ntsiab Lavra prosphora nrog cov kwv tij thiab cov novices, tau thov Vajtswv, nyob rau ib nrab ntawm plaub teev sawv ntxov pib knead lub khob noom cookie rau prosphora. Nws tsis yooj yim xav txog tias 7500 prosphora tau npaj ib zaug.
Lawv ci peb lossis plaub zaug hauv ib lub lis piam. Nyob rau hnub so, tus naj npawb ntawm prosphorance. Thiab tau kawg, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tus txheej txheem no manually, yog li cov kwv tij siv cov txheej txheem.
Nyob rau hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb kneader, hmoov nplej ntawm qib siab tshaj yog nchuav, ua raws li dej nrog poov xab thiab ntsev. Nyob rau hauv lub Lavra, dej yog xa los ntawm cov springs ntawm St. Anthony thiab Theodosius ntawm lub qhov tsua.
Nyob rau hauv tsib feeb, lub tshuab ua batch, uas tsuas muaj peb. Kneaded mov paj yog nteg tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug ntoo trough, qhov twg nws yog sab laug mus pw kom txog thaum peb teev sawv ntxov. Qhov no yog ua kom nws qaub thiab nce ntim.
Kev thov Vajtswv
Nws ntseeg tias kev thov Vajtswv ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd txhua yam. Cov novices pib ci prosphora nrog kev thov Vajtswv ua ntej pib ua haujlwm zoo thiab hu rau kev pab rau tus venerable prosphora Nikodim thiab Spyridon, uas nws relics so nyob rau hauv lub Lavra qhov tsua. Thiab cov kwv tij monastic ntxiv rau lawv rau Yexus Kev Thov Vajtswv, thov Vajtswv rau tus Dawb Huv Theotokos, rau tag nrho cov Reverend Txiv ntawm lub qhov tsua thiab rau tag nrho cov ntseeg.
Cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv nrog qhov tseeb tias lub khob noom cookie raug tshem tawm ntawm lub trough thiab muab tso rau hauv lub cuab yeej, qhov twg txhua yam yog kneaded zoo thiab dov tawm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau tib lub sij hawm uas lub khob noom cookie tig tawm txias, cua npuas tsis tsim nyob rau hauv nws. Txwv tsis pub, tus prosphora yuav khoov, yuav pib tawg, thiab voids yuav pom nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam loj prosphora thaum txiav, thiab qhov no yuav tsum tsis txhob tso cai.
Tsim prosphora
Ib txhia tsim cov qis ntawm prosphora los ntawm dov mov paj 2 cm, thaum lwm tus yog koom nyob rau hauv tsim ntawm sab sauv ntawm lub prosphora,Tseem muaj lwm tus muab lub qhov cub thiab nteg tawm ntawm cov ntawv ci, ces muab tso rau hauv racks thiab xa mus rau lub txee tshwj xeeb kom lawv nce me ntsis ntxiv. Cov khoom no tau khaws cia ntawm qhov kub ntawm li 40 degrees nrog cov av noo ntawm 80%.
Thaum ua haujlwm puv npo, tus nyeem ntawv cog lus nyeem cov cai tswj hwm lub suab nrov. Thiab los ntawm cuaj teev sawv ntxov thawj feem ntawm prosphora pib muab tso rau hauv qhov cub, nws yuav siv sij hawm 26 feeb ua noj. Npaj kub prosphora yog nteg tawm ntawm lub rooj nrog cov npoo siab thiab npog nrog ib daim ntaub paj rwb. Thaum lawv txias lawm, lawv muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees tam sim ntawd cia.
YProsphora khoom
Thiab tam sim no cia peb los ze zog mus rau yam khoom twg mus rau prosphora, nyob rau hauv dab tsi proportions. Tsuas yog cov hmoov nplej zoo tshaj plaws yog siv ntawm no. Cov poov xab tsuas yog siv tshiab xwb.
Tam sim no peb tab tom pib ua daim ntawv qhia ua Vajtswv lub ncuav.
Ua ntej koj yuav tsum npaj cov ntsev thiab cov poov xab, uas yog ua raws li hauv qab no: rau 100 kg ntawm hmoov - 10 liv dej, 1 kg 700 g ntsev thiab 500 g ntawm poov xab. 4.5 thoob dej yog ntxiv rau qhov sib tov. 3750 prosphora yuav tsum tawm ntawm qhov no.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias laurel prosphora yog qab heev. Lub ntsiab lus zais ntawm lawv qhov kev npaj yog nyob rau hauv kev thov Vajtswv, rau siab ntso ua hauj lwm thiab ceev faj, thiab hais tias lawv tag nrho cov ci zoo.
Old choux pastry recipe
Nug txog cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas prosphora ci, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias muaj ntau txoj hauv kev ua noj rau lawv. Nov yog lwm qhov. Hauv daim ntawv qhia no rau kev ua prosphorakoj yuav tsum ua mov paj. Peb noj 215 g ntawm hmoov nplej thiab ncuav 320 ml ntawm boiling dej. Tom qab ntawd peb txhuam txhua yam nrog ib tug whisk thiab ces, tas li stirring, ntxiv 670 ml ntawm boiling dej.
Tom qab ntawd faib lub khob noom cookie rau hauv ob qhov sib npaug thiab cia nws txias. Lub caij no, ncuav 50 ml ntawm boiled dej uas tau txias rau hauv chav tsev kub, noj 10 g ntawm pressed los yog ib tug teaspoon ntawm qhuav poov xab, sib tov kom huv si, ces muab lub resulting loj nyob rau hauv ib tug sov so qhov chaw.
Thaum ib teev dhau los, ntxiv ib nrab ntawm lub khob noom cookie rau "tsim" poov xab, tso rau hauv qhov chaw sov rau lwm 1.5 teev. Thaum kawg ntawm lub sij hawm no, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav hais lus, "rejuvenate" lub khob noom cookie, koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv 150 g ntawm hmoov thiab ncuav 170 ml ntawm dej sov. Thiab ces txhua yam yog kom huv si stirred thiab sab laug nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw sov so rau 2 teev. Tom ntej no, peb npaj ib tug aqueous ntsev tov los ntawm 40 g ntawm ntsev thiab 170 ml ntawm dej sov. Thaum kawg ntawm kev npaj lub khob noom cookie rau prosphora, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ua ke lub resulting khob noom cookie nrog ib nrab ntawm cov tsis siv thiab ib tug aqueous saline tov.
daim ntawv qhia niaj hnub
Feem ntau yog ib pawg loj heev tau npaj hauv prosphora, yog li 250 g ntsev, txog 10 liv dej thiab txog 100 g ntawm poov xab yuav tsum tau rau 20 kg ntawm cov hmoov nplej zoo tshaj plaws, Y Ua ntej kneading, sift lub hmoov los ntawm ib tug sieve, lim dej, ces ntxiv ntsev thiab poov rau hauv nws, thiab do thaum kawg. Cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau nchuav rau hauv cov hmoov nplej thiab knead zoo kawg nkaus, ces qhwv nws thiab tawm kom haum.
Thaum lub khob noom cookie tau loj dua ob npaug, nws yuav tsum tau dov tawm los ntawm cov menyuam tshwj xeebob peb zaug, thiab tom qab ntawd hla cov ntawv ua tiav siv lub khob noom cookie calibration, nyob rau hauv uas ib qho thickness yog teem. Thiab tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tsim lub sab sauv thiab qis ntawm prosphora los ntawm kev txiav, tom qab ntawd siv lub foob, npog nrog oilcloth thiab tawm mus kom ze. Yog li ntawd, lub khob noom cookie yuav tsum sawv thiab txuas rau sab saum toj thiab hauv qab. Tom qab ntawd cov prosphora yuav tsum tau tho rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub foob thiab muab txhua yam tso rau hauv qhov cub kub rau 250 degrees rau 25 feeb.
Tom qab lawv npaj tau lawm, lawv muab tso rau qhov txias rau 10-12 teev, tom qab ntawd cov prosphora muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv thiab muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees.
YYuav ua li cas prosphora ci. Daim ntawv qhia
Yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem ua lub ncuav dawb huv no rau koj tus kheej. Cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas ci prosphora hauv tsev yog qhov txaus siab rau ntau tus neeg Orthodox.
YYog li, rau qhov no koj yuav tsum noj 1200 g ntawm hmoov. Ncuav me ntsis dej dawb huv rau hauv lub tais kneading, ncuav 400 g ntawm hmoov rau hauv nws. Tag nrho cov no yog poured nrog boiling dej. Qhov no yog ua kom qab zib thiab tiv thaiv pwm tshwm. Tam sim no do lub mix.
Thaum txhua yam txias, ntxiv ntsev, diluted hauv dej dawb huv, thiab poov xab - 25 g rau tib lub thawv, sib tov thiab tuav rau 30 feeb kom lub khob noom cookie tuaj me ntsis. Thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv 800 g ntawm hmoov ntxiv, ces knead dua.
Cia li 30 feeb, tom qab ntawd rub lub khob noom cookie kom zoo, yob tawm qhov xav tau tuab thiab txiav rau hauv lub voj voog. Peb ua qhov qis dua loj dua.
Tom qab ntawd peb npog cov phuam da dej, tom qab ntawd nrog ib qho qhuav, thiab cia rau lwm 30 feeb. Sab saum tojib feem ntawm lub resulting prosphora dawb paug peb muab ib lub foob. Txhawm rau txuas cov prosphora, peb moisten lawv nrog dej sov thiab nteg lawv saum ib leeg. Thiab tom qab ntawd peb tho lawv nrog rab koob kom tsis txhob muaj qhov khoob. Ua ntej ci prosphora (thiab qhov no yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv qhov cub hluav taws xob ntawm qhov kub uas tuaj yeem sib txawv), qhov kub thiab txias tau xaiv empirically (200-210 degrees).
Peb muab ib daim ntawv ci thiab ci prosphora li 15-20 feeb tom tsev. Daim ntawv qhia ua noj zoo li yooj yim, tab sis nws xav tau qee qhov kev paub thiab kev txawj ntse, yog tias koj tsis muaj, ces koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ua txhua yam.
Zoo kawg
Nyob rau hauv xaus, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg - xws li leavened qhob cij li prosphora muaj peb yam, nrog rau peb tripartite ntsuj plig nyob rau hauv hwm ntawm lub Trinity, qhov twg txhua yam muaj nws tus kheej lub ntsiab lus. Cov hmoov nplej nrog cov hmoov nplej yog tus plig, dej yog kev cai raus dej, thiab ntsev yog kev qhia ntawm Lo Lus thiab lub siab. Tus Tswv ib zaug hais rau Nws cov thwj tim tias lawv yog cov ntsev ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
Npua, dej thiab ntsev, uas hluav taws txuas, txhais tau hais tias Vajtswv txuas nrog peb txhua tus thiab muab kev pab thiab kev pab rau peb.
