Kev ntseeg hauv Hungary: cov lus qhia tseem ceeb, cov tuam tsev, cov tsev teev ntuj

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev ntseeg hauv Hungary: cov lus qhia tseem ceeb, cov tuam tsev, cov tsev teev ntuj
Kev ntseeg hauv Hungary: cov lus qhia tseem ceeb, cov tuam tsev, cov tsev teev ntuj

Video: Kev ntseeg hauv Hungary: cov lus qhia tseem ceeb, cov tuam tsev, cov tsev teev ntuj

Video: Kev ntseeg hauv Hungary: cov lus qhia tseem ceeb, cov tuam tsev, cov tsev teev ntuj
Video: Dhamma Dullabha 4K 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Raws li nyob rau ntau lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe, txoj kev ntseeg loj tshaj plaws thiab nthuav dav hauv Hungary yog kev ntseeg. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv rau xyoo 2011, kwv yees li 3.9 lab tus tib neeg txheeb xyuas lawv tus kheej li Catholics, uas yog ntau tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem hauv lub tebchaws. Txawm li cas los xij, Hungary yog lub xeev nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia kev ntseeg, thiab kev ntseeg ntau yam tsis xaus nrog Catholicism ib leeg.

teb chaws luv luv

Hungary raws li lub xeev hnub rov qab mus rau 895 - lub xyoo ntawm kev tsim ntawm Hungarian tus thawj tswj hwm. Txij li thaum lub teb chaws nyob hauv Central Europe, nws tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau hauv hiav txwv. Nws ciam teb nrog Austria, Slovakia, Romania, Croatia. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia, Hungary npog thaj tsam ntawm 93 txhiab km2, qhov twg 9.8 lab tus tib neeg nyob (92% ntawm lawv yog Hungarians). Kwv yees li 1.7 lab nyob hauv lub nroog lub xeev - Budapest.

Hungary ntawm daim ntawv qhia
Hungary ntawm daim ntawv qhia

Hungary tau ua tswv cuab NATO txij li xyoo 1999 thiab koom nrog European Union hauv 2004. Lub teb chaws txoj kev lag luam tab tom txhim kho tsis tu ncua, raws li cov pov thawj tsis yog los ntawm GDP siab ntawm $ 152 billion ($ 15,500 toj ib tus neeg), tab sis kujnws txoj kev loj hlob yog 4% hauv 2017. Tib Neeg Kev Txhim Kho Index kuj siab - 0.83 (37th hauv ntiaj teb).

Kev ntseeg luv luv

Ntau tshaj 2/3 ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Hungary ntseeg Vajtswv - qhov no yog ntau dua 5 lab tus tib neeg. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb rau xyoo 2011, 2.7 lab tus tib neeg tsis kam teb cov lus nug txog lawv cov kev ntseeg twg. Kwv yees li 1.8 lab tus neeg nyob hauv tsis tau txheeb xyuas lawv tus kheej nrog ib qho ntawm cov kev ntseeg uas twb muaj lawm. Feem coob ntawm cov ntseeg, ntau tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws, yog cov Catholic thiab Greek Catholic.

Ntxiv rau Catholicism, ib qho ntawm cov kev ntseeg tseem ceeb hauv Hungary yog Protestantism nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm nws ob lub ntsiab lus qhia: Calvinism thiab Lutheranism. Tus naj npawb ntawm Calvinists tseem ceeb tshaj cov Lutherans - 1.2 lab parishioners tawm tsam 215 txhiab. Tus naj npawb ntawm Orthodox thiab cov neeg Yudais tsis tseem ceeb, lawv cov naj npawb tsis tshaj 25 txhiab tus neeg.

Judaism, Christianity thiab Islam
Judaism, Christianity thiab Islam

Hungary muaj kev cai yooj yim rau cov koom haum kev ntseeg. Muaj ntau dua 300 ntawm lawv nyob hauv lub tebchaws, tab sis tsuas yog 5 txoj kev ntseeg tau txais kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag hauv lub xeev. Lub ntiaj teb no kev ntseeg yog Christianity (Catholicism thiab Orthodoxy). Ntxiv rau nws, Protestantism, Judaism thiab lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Ntseeg pom kev txhawb nqa. Txij xyoo 1998, cov parishioners ntawm ib lub tsev teev ntuj tuaj yeem, yog tias lawv xav tau, muab 1% ntawm cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev pov tseg ntawm lub koom haum kev ntseeg.

Tsis ntev los no, muaj kev nyiam nyob hauv Hungary kom txo cov neeg ntseeg: dhau 10 xyoo, cov Catholics tau txo qis los ntawm 5.5 lab mus rau 3.8 lab, thiab Protestants - los ntawm 2 lab rau 1.3 lab tus tib neeg. Kuj muab ob npaugtus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg tsis xav teb cov lus nug ntawm cov neeg sau xov xwm txog lawv txoj kev ntseeg kev ntseeg - txog li 2.7 lab tus tib neeg.

Catholicism hauv Hungary

Christianity nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm Catholicism pib kis ntawm cov Hungarians nyob rau hauv lub 950s, uas yog txuam nrog rau cov dej num ntawm cov tub txib los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees. Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev ntseeg yog thawj zaug coj los ntawm Prince Stefan I, hauv kev cai raus dej Istvan I the Saint (1001-1038). Tom qab tau txais lub npe ntawm Vajntxwv Hungary, nws pib cog kev ntseeg tshiab. Nyob rau hauv nws, 2 archbishoprics thiab 8 npis sov tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xeev, thawj monasteries raug tsim, thiab cov tub txib nquag tshaj tawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv. Tom qab nws tuag lawm, cov pagans uas tseem tshuav tau tshaj tawm tias muaj kev tawm tsam, uas tau muab tso tseg sai sai.

Txog Txog Kev Hloov Kho, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg Hungarians tseem yog Catholic. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, Protestant kev xav tau muaj zog hauv Hungary. Tam sim no, muaj 3 npaug tsawg Protestants nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tshaj Catholics - Catholicism tseem yog cov tseem ceeb kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv Hungary. Raws li ntawm 2011, lub tsev teev ntuj, uas muaj 5 archdioceses thiab 10 dioceses, muaj 3.9 lab parishioners. Tus Primate ntawm Hungary - lub taub hau ntawm lub Koom Txoos Catholic nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws - yog tam sim no Cardinal Peter Erde.

Peter Erde
Peter Erde

pawg ntseeg Catholic hauv Hungary

Ntxiv rau 16 "me me basilicas" - cov tuam tsev uas tau muab cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb los ntawm Pope vim lawv qhov qub txeeg qub teg thiab keeb kwm tseem ceeb - muaj ob lub ntsiab basilica hauv Hungary: St. Adalbert thiab St. Stephen. Thawj qhov yog nyob hauv lub nroog Esztergom, qhov chaw ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntawm lub tebchaws.

St. Adalbert's Basilica(Esztergom Basilica) tsis yog tsuas yog lub tsev teev ntuj loj tshaj plaws hauv Hungary, tab sis kuj yog lub tsev siab tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws. Qhov piv ntawm qhov ntev thiab dav ntawm cov qauv yog 118 los ntawm 49 meters, feem, qhov siab yog 100 meters. Lub architectural style nyob rau hauv uas lub basilica tau tsim yog neoclassicism. Esztergom Basilica hnub rov qab mus rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 11th, los ntawm kev kav ntawm Stephen I. Tam sim no nws yog lub rooj zaum ntawm Hungarian primate.

Basilica ntawm Saint Adalbert
Basilica ntawm Saint Adalbert

Nyob hauv Budapest, lub nroog Hungary, muaj ob lub tuam tsev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - lub Basilica ntawm St. Stephen. Kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj pib nyob rau hauv 1851 thiab kav 54 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv 1905 lub tuam tsev raug fij tseg thiab 33 xyoo tom qab ntawd nws tau muab cov xwm txheej ntawm ib tug me me basilica. Qhov ntsuas ntawm Budapest Basilica yog me dua li ntawm Esztergom. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov siab ntawm 96 meters ua rau nws yog ib lub tsev siab tshaj plaws hauv Hungary. Cov qauv vaj tsev ntawm St. Stephen's Basilica yog neoclassical.

St Stephen lub Basilica
St Stephen lub Basilica

Protestantism hauv Hungary

Lub tswv yim thiab lub siab xav ntawm qhov pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, yug los ntawm cov dej num ntawm Martin Luther thiab ua rau lub sijhawm Reformation, tsis dhau Hungary ib yam. Nyob rau xyoo 1520, Protestantism nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm Lutheranism pib nthuav tawm thawj zaug ntawm cov neeg hais lus German, thiab tom qab ntawd ntawm cov chav kawm sab saud, cov txiv plig. Twb tom qab ib nrab xyoo pua, kwv yees li 80% ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm Hungary tau tshaj tawm Protestantism, tab sis ntawm Calvinist persuasion.

Qhov xwm txheej tsis hloov pauv thaum lub sijhawm Turkish conquests ntawm XVI-XVII centuries. Cov Ottoman tau txiav txim siab rau kev ntseeg ntawm cov neeg Hungarian. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum ntxov xyoo 1720, Catholicism tau txhawb nqa txoj haujlwm ntawm Protestantism: qhov kev hloov mus rau nws tau suav tias yog kev ua txhaum cai, cov haujlwm ntawm Protestants raug txwv hnyav. Tam sim no, lawv cov naj npawb tsawg dua li cov Catholics - txog 1.4 lab tus tib neeg. Ntxiv mus, feem ntau ntawm cov Protestants nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm Hungary yog concentrated nyob rau hauv lub Zatis cheeb tsam. Lawv feem coob yog cov mej zeej ntawm lub Koom Txoos Hungarian Reformed.

Orthodoxy thiab Orthodox churches

Keeb kwm, tus naj npawb ntawm Orthodox hauv Hungary tsis pub tshaj 1% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg ntseeg. Raws li xyoo 2011, tsuas yog 13.7 txhiab tus neeg xav txog lawv tus kheej Orthodox. Ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm lawv yog Serbs, uas nws cov poj koob yawm txwv tau tsiv mus rau Hungary thaum ntxov li 1690. Tus so yog Ukrainians, Romanians, Russians. Cov ntseeg Orthodox hauv Hungary yog cov tswv cuab ntawm Serbian Orthodox Church.

Lub tsev teev ntuj Orthodox tseem ceeb hauv lub tebchaws yog Assumption Cathedral hauv Budapest. Nws txoj kev tsim kho tau pib hauv 1791 thiab tau ua tiav hauv 10 xyoo. Decorated nyob rau hauv Baroque style. Txij li thaum xyoo 1950, lub tsev teev ntuj tau nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj. Tam sim no, Assumption Cathedral tau ua haujlwm: cov kev pabcuam tau tuav txhua hnub hauv nws. Lawv txhua tus muaj nyob hauv Hungarian. Xyoo 2016, cov tub ceev xwm Hungarian tau faib nyiaj ntau ntawm HUF 100 lab los kho lub tsev thib ob ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, puas tsuaj thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II.

Assumption Cathedral
Assumption Cathedral

Judaism thiab Jewish tuam tsev

Cov neeg Yudais feem ntau nyob hauv lub nroog ntawm lub tebchaws - Budapest, hauvlub quarter ntawm Kab Tsuag - lub tiaj tus ntawm lub nroog. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj txog 48 txhiab haiv neeg cov neeg Yudais nyob rau hauv Hungary, ntawm uas 10 txhiab profess Judaism. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg Yudais nyob hauv lub tebchaws tsis muaj ntau vim qhov kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib thiab thib ob, Holocaust thiab Hungarian cov xwm txheej xyoo 1956.

Lub tuam tsev tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg Yudais hauv Hungary yog Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Zoo Tshaj Plaws hauv Budapest, uas tseem yog lub tsev teev ntuj loj tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe. Lub tuam tsev loj no haum 3 txhiab tus neeg pe hawm, uas yog ua tau vim thaj tsam loj ntawm 1200 m2. Nws tau tsim dua 5 xyoos, txij xyoo 1854 txog 1859. Kho kom zoo nkauj hauv neo-Moorish style los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Ludwig Foerster.

Great Synagogue hauv Budapest
Great Synagogue hauv Budapest

Kev xaus lus dav dav

Kev ntseeg ntau tshaj plaws hauv Hungary yog Catholicism, ua raws li Protestantism. Lub Koom Txoos Catholic nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws li ntawm 2011 muaj 3.9 lab parishioners, uas, txawm li cas los xij, yog 1.7 lab tsawg dua xyoo 2001. Hais txog Protestantism, Calvinism (1.2 lab tus tib neeg) muaj ntau dua nyob rau hauv Hungary tshaj Lutheranism (215 txhiab tus neeg). Lub xeev nyiaj txiag txhawb cov ntseeg Vajtswv, Protestantism, Judaism thiab lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Ntseeg.

Hungary muaj ntau lub tuam tsev thiab lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm ntau pawg ntseeg. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntawm lawv sawv tawm Catholic pawg ntseeg - basilicas. Muaj ob lub tsev teev ntuj loj hauv Esztergom thiab Budapest: lub basilica ntawm St. Adalbert thiab St. Stephen. Ntxiv nrog rau basilicas, muaj lwm lub tsev teev ntuj hauv Hungary: Orthodox, Protestant, Jewish. Ntawm lub Orthodox cathedrals, nto moo tshaj plaws yogAssumption Cathedral, los ntawm cov neeg Yudais - Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Zoo, nyob hauv Budapest.

Pom zoo: