Kev rov qab los ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws yog ib lo lus uas nyuam qhuav dhau los ua qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus "kev nrawm". Hauv nws lub ntsiab lus, nws ib nrab coincides nrog infantilism. Retardation (kev ncua, ncua) qhia tias kev lag luam tuaj yeem ua rau lub sijhawm, thaum nyob rau hauv ntau zaus ntawm infantilism, qee qhov nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb, thiab nrog kev ua tsis taus pa, kev txawj ntse tsis cuam tshuam.
Lub ntsiab lus "retardation"
Kev rov qab los yog nkag siab tias qhov kev ncua ntev ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws vim muaj ntau yam kev txawj ntse tsis taus thaum muaj hnub nyoog ob txog tsib xyoos, uas yog, thaum lub sij hawm tus me nyuam tab tom tsim kev hais lus. Hauv qhov no, raws li txoj cai, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj zuj zus hauv kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm. Yog tias muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev hais lus uas twb tau tsim lawm thiab muaj qhov ua tau zoo, ces cov kev loj hlob zoo li no hu ua dementia (dementia).
Acceleration
Retardation as the opposite of acceleration, the concept implies a delay or lag in development. Yog li ntawd, acceleration yog acceleration ntawm kev loj hlob tus nqi thiabkev loj hlob nyob rau hauv thaum yau thiab hluas. Tsis tas li ntawm no tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi nce ceev hauv qhov ntim ntawm lub cev ntawm cov neeg laus. Niaj hnub no, muaj ob hom acceleration: intragroup thiab epochal. Thawj qhov yog qhov nrawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm qee cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas hauv qee pawg hnub nyoog. Epochal acceleration yog kev loj hlob sai ntawm lub cev ntawm cov menyuam yaus niaj hnub no piv nrog cov tiam dhau los.
Yog vim li cas rau acceleration
Yuav kom nkag siab tias kev thim rov qab yog dab tsi, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau tshawb nrhiav cov laj thawj rau kev txhim kho ntawm qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo, uas yog, tsim kom muaj cov txheej txheem lom neeg ntawm kev nrawm. Conventionally, vim li cas rau kev loj hlob sai thiab kev loj hlob tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg loj:
1. Hypotheses ntawm physico-chemical cim. Cov no suav nrog txoj kev xav ntawm Koch, uas ntseeg hais tias cov menyuam yaus niaj hnub raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev muaj zog ntawm ultraviolet rays, uas yog ib qho kev loj hlob stimulant. Tab sis tseem muaj ntau dua, lees paub los ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb, yog qhov kev xav ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev lag luam pov tseg ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus.
2. Kev xav ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, txhim kho khoom noj khoom haus, kev kho mob thiab kev nyob hauv nroog. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, tag nrho cov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev.
3. Ib qho kev xav raws li qhov kev nrawm yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv kev hloov pauv hauv heterosis thiab lwm yam tshwm sim. Cov nyhuv ntawm heterosis tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws davNiaj hnub no cov pej xeem thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib yuav sib xyaw. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv nrog txhua tiam neeg ua rau lub cev muaj zog ntau dua.
Nws yuav raug pom zoo nrog tag nrho peb qhov kev xav, txij li ntau tus kws sau ntawv xav txog qhov nrawm los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam, thaum lub sijhawm sib txawv thiab ntau qhov chaw sib txawv yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Retardation: ua rau thiab yam. Txheej txheem cej luam
Kev poob qis hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws yog qhov kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev qeeb thiab tsim ntawm lub cev ua haujlwm hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas. Nyob rau theem no ntawm kev kawm txog qhov tshwm sim no, cov kws tshawb fawb txheeb xyuas ob qho laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm retardation: keeb kwm keeb kwm thiab cov kab mob hauv cov organic, congenital lossis tau txais hauv postnatal ontogenesis, nrog rau txhua yam ntawm kev sib raug zoo.
Hereditary retardants thiab social factor
Yeej, los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob, retardants tsis lag qab lawv cov phooj ywg hauv qhov ntsuas no, lawv tsuas yog ncav cuag qhov nruab nrab ntawm ib lossis ob xyoos tom qab. Yog tias peb xav txog tias kev rov qab los ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws yog qhov kev poob qis hauv kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, tom qab ntawd txhawm rau txiav txim siab tag nrho cov teeb meem, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txiav txim qhov ua rau ntawm qhov tshwm sim. Yog tias qhov lag luam tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tshwm sim los yog tom qab muaj kab mob, tom qab ntawd, raws li txoj cai, muaj kev loj hlob qeeb ib ntus, thiab tom qab qhov kawg rov qab los, qhov kev loj hlob sai, uas yog, qhov kev pab cuam caj ces yog siv nyob rau hauv ib qho kev loj hlob. lub sij hawm luv dua.
tsis zooCov kev sib raug zoo tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam. Thiab qhov no tsis yog qhov nyiaj tau los tsawg npaum li qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev xav microclimate hauv tsev neeg lossis hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv me me. Nws tau raug tsim tsa kom cov menyuam yaus uas raug coj mus rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv nce qib, hauv tsev kho mob menyuam ntsuag lossis hauv cov xwm txheej tsis muaj kev saib xyuas los ntawm niam txiv, ua rau lawv cov phooj ywg poob qis dua ib nrab mus rau ob xyoos hauv kev loj hlob.
Cyclic
Retardation hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws yog qhov tshwm sim me me, tab sis nws qhov muaj nyob tau lees paub qhov kev xav ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub sijhawm nrawm. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, nyob rau hauv tsib lub xyoos dhau los tau muaj kev qeeb qeeb hauv kev ua kom nrawm thiab qeeb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Vim li cas vim li cas thiaj li tshwm sim cyclicity tsis paub, tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb ntaus nqi qhov no rau cov hauv qab no: hloov pauv huab cua hauv ntiaj teb, kev ua haujlwm hnub ci, khoom noj khoom haus zoo, thiab lwm yam. Txhua qhov laj thawj tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov exogenous (kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig tsis zoo) thiab endogenous (tau los yog congenital).
Kev thim rov qab yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb thaum txiav txim siab seb tus menyuam puas npaj txhij rau tsev kawm, vim tias nws qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev kawm thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog cov phooj ywg zoo li cas. Feem ntau, cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev loj hlob qeeb tau qhia rau tus kheej. Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias kev ua kom qeeb thiab nrawm tuaj yeem sib haum xeeb thiab tsis sib haum xeeb. Qhov ntawd yog, txhua tus menyuam muaj tus kheej ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob.
