Russia yog ib lub xeev txawv txawv uas koom ua ke ntau haiv neeg, haiv neeg thiab kev ntseeg rau hauv ib leeg. Tias yog vim li cas txhua lub cheeb tsam thiab lub nroog yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua hauv nws txoj kev. Ib qho ntawm cov nroog no yog Kazan - ib hom kev sib xyaw ntawm cov kub Caucasus thiab txwv tsis pub zoo-natured Central Russia. Islamic thiab Christian kab lis kev cai yog organically intertwined nyob rau hauv lub nroog no. Thiab ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, Kazan yuav nthuav rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi nrog nws cov mosques ntau heev.
Mosque as an architectural object
Mosques, hauv lawv cov ntsiab lus, yog cov khoom siv vaj tsev tshwj xeeb, cov khoom zoo tiag tiag ntawm cov vaj tsev oriental. Lawv cov voluminous domes, ntse thiab soaring minarets, nplua nuj ntawm architectural kho kom zoo nkauj tsis tuaj yeem tso tseg tsis muaj neeg nyob hauv ntiaj teb.
Nov yog qhov chaw tshwj xeeb rau kev thov Vajtswv rau cov Muslims - cov neeg ntseeg ntawm Islam. Cov hauv paus hniav ntawm lo lus mosque tau muab zais rau hauv cov lus Arabic qub, uas nws suab zoo li "masjid". Qhov tseeb, nws txhais tau tias "qhov chaw pe hawm." Qhov ntawd yog, hauv lwm lo lus, lub tsev teev ntuj yog qhov chaw uas txhua tus Muslim tuaj yeem pe hawm nws tus vajtswv thaum thov Vajtswv.
Nyob hauv mosque, ib tug yuav tsumpaub txog cov kev cai tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj ua hauv qhov chaw dawb ceev no rau cov neeg Muslim. Tshwj xeeb, ntawm no tsis muaj teeb meem koj yuav tsum:
- kiss los tuav tes;
- kov phau ntawv dawb huv ntawm Quran lossis ib qho kev nthuav dav ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv;
- muab suab;
- nkag rau hauv cov khaub ncaws qias neeg lossis tsis huv;
- nkag mus hauv mosque hauv khau;
- nkag rau hauv luv los yog tiab hauv caug.
Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias ntau lub mosques tsuas yog qhib rau cov neeg Muslims.
Mosques ntawm Kazan
Kazan yog lub nroog qub tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias Federation, qhov chaw nres nkoj tseem ceeb ntawm tus dej Volga. Qhov chaw loj nyiaj txiag thiab kab lis kev cai no yog hu ua lub peev thib peb ntawm Russia. Thiab Kazan feem ntau hu ua lub peev ntawm tag nrho cov Tatars hauv ntiaj teb. Yog li ntawd, lub tsev teev ntuj Tatar ntawm txoj kev ntawm lub nroog Lavxias no tsis yog qhov txawv, muaj ob lub kaum ntawm lawv nyob ntawm no!
Peb coj tuaj rau koj mloog cov mosques ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws hauv Kazan, cov duab uas tau nthuav tawm hauv kab lus no. Lawv feem ntau suav hais tias yog keeb kwm, raws li lawv tau tsim ua ntej xyoo 1917. Tab sis lub mosque loj tshaj plaws hauv lub nroog - Kul Sharif - tau tsim nyob rau hauv peb lub sijhawm.
Lub ntsiab mosque ntawm Kazan
Lub tsev teev ntuj no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv Kazan thiab thoob plaws lub koom pheej ntawm Tatarstan. Nws nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub npe Kazan Kremlin thiab yog ib lub mosques loj tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe vim nws loj.
Lub Kul Sharif Mosque tau ua rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj qub uas tau raug puas tsuaj los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Ivan the Terrible. Kev tsim kho siv sijhawm yuav luag kaum xyoo: los ntawm 1996 txog 2005. Tus nqi kwv yees ntawm qhov project grandiose yog kwv yees li ntawm 500 lab rubles. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov nyiaj no yog cov nyiaj pub dawb, uas kwv yees li 40 txhiab tus pej xeem thiab ntau lub koom haum tau koom nrog. Lub rooj qhib loj ntawm lub mosque tau tshwm sim rau lub Rau Hli 24, 2005, tsuas yog hnub ua kev zoo siab ntawm Kazan ib xyoos ib xyoos.
Nco ntsoov, hauv lub tsev muaj ib phau ntawv nrog cov npe ntawm txhua tus neeg uas koom nrog kev tsim kho. Lub Kul Sharif Mosque zoo li tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum hmo ntuj, ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo nkauj.
Lub mosque qub tshaj plaws hauv Kazan
Dhau li ntawm Kul Sharif, muaj lwm lub tsev teev ntuj hauv Kazan tsim nyog mloog thiab txaus siab.
Lub tsev teev ntuj qub tshaj plaws hauv nroog yog Marjani Mosque, ua rau xyoo 1770. Tau ntau tshaj ob centuries nws tau ua qhov chaw ntawm Tatar kab lis kev cai thiab sab ntsuj plig. Lub mosque tau ua nyob rau hauv ib tug medieval architectural style, thaum lub tsev muaj baroque ntsiab. Lub tsev ob-storey yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog peb-tiered minaret.
Lub mosque txawv txawv tshaj plaws hauv Kazan
Kazan lub mosques yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab txawv tshaj plaw. Zakaban Mosque, uas tau tsim hauv xyoo 1926, tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog lub tsev teev ntuj txawv txawv tshaj plaws hauv nroog. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog tshwj xeeb rau nws architecture, uas intertwines Muslim motifs, nta ntawm romanticism thiab modernity.
Lwm qhov tseeb nthuav txog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim lub tsev no. Qhov tseeb yog qhov kev tso cai los tsim qhov nolub mosque nyob rau hauv Kazan tau muab los ntawm Yauxej Stalin nws tus kheej, thiab nws ua nws tus kheej. Niaj hnub no, lub tsev yog ib tug zoo kawg nkaus kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub architectural tsos ntawm lub nroog ntawm Kazan.
Lub mosque zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv Kazan
Lub tsev teev ntuj keeb kwm no hu ua Azimovskaya thiab ua rau nws zoo nkauj thiab elegance. Nws architecture txawj ntse ua ke ob hom - eclecticism thiab romanticism.
Kev tsim kho pib xyoo 1887 thiab kav peb xyoos. Lub mosque muaj npe tom qab tus tub lag luam M. Azimov, uas tau faib nyiaj rau kev tsim kho.
Azimov Mosque yog sawv cev los ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg tsev nrog ib lub siab minaret 51 meters siab. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Eastern Muslim architecture tau nquag siv hauv décor ntawm lub tsev.
Lub mosque "Lavxias teb sab tshaj plaws" hauv Kazan
Tab sis lub tsev teev ntuj Burnaevskaya tuaj yeem raug hu ua "Lavxias" mosque tshaj plaws hauv Kazan. Tom qab tag nrho, thaum xub thawj siab ib muag koj tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias nws yog lub tsev teev ntuj Orthodox lossis Tatar mosque? Heev organically thiab txawj ntse, cov kws tsim vaj tsev ua ke ntawm cov tsoos Lavxias teb sab thiab Muslim Tatar architecture ntawm no.
Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1872 ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov tub lag luam M. Burnaev (thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no lub mosque tau muab lub npe raws li nws lub ntsiab patron). Tus qauv yog ib-zaj dab neeg cib tsev nrog peb-tiered minaret saum lub ntsiab nkag.
Burnaevskaya mosque nyob rau hauv lub nroog tseem hu ua "tib neeg txawv teb chaws", raws li feem ntau ntawm nws cov parishioners yog neeg txawv teb chaws.
Kazan yog ib lub nroog ntawm mosques. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, mosquesNtawm no yog cov ntau haiv neeg - me me thiab impressive nyob rau hauv lawv loj, ancient thiab niaj hnub, cib thiab ntoo, tsoos thiab txawv txawv nyob rau hauv lawv architecture. Yog li ntawd, yog hais tias xws li architecture attracts koj, mus rau lub "peb lub peev ntawm Russia". Cov mosques zoo kawg nkaus ntawm Kazan yuav tsis tso koj tseg!
