Sretensky Monastery hauv Moscow: hu nkauj, thaj neeb, tsev so

Cov txheej txheem:

Sretensky Monastery hauv Moscow: hu nkauj, thaj neeb, tsev so
Sretensky Monastery hauv Moscow: hu nkauj, thaj neeb, tsev so

Video: Sretensky Monastery hauv Moscow: hu nkauj, thaj neeb, tsev so

Video: Sretensky Monastery hauv Moscow: hu nkauj, thaj neeb, tsev so
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Lub Sretensky Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow yog sau nyob rau hauv nplooj ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, qhov pib ntawm uas yog hais txog lub reign ntawm Vasily kuv (tus tub ntawm Dmitry Donskoy, uas tuag nyob rau hauv 1382). Rau 36 xyoo ntawm nws txoj kev txawj ntse kav, Moscow tus thawj tswj hwm tau ntxiv dag zog thiab nthuav dav, thiab Moscow nws tus kheej yeej tsis kov yeej los ntawm leej twg.

History of the name of the monastery

Sretensky Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow
Sretensky Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow

Kev txhais lus los ntawm lus Greek, "candlemas" txhais tau tias kev sib ntsib. Kuchkovo teb tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm lub npe boyar S. I. Kuchka, ib tug xeeb ntxwv Vyatich uas tsis mloog Yu. Dolgoruky. Lub semi-mythical boyar Stepan Kuchka raug tua, thiab Moscow tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov av nws muaj. Nws nyob ntawm no, nyob rau hauv Kuchkovo teb, uas nyob rau hauv 1395 Muscovites ntsib lub Vladimir Icon ntawm leej niam ntawm Vajtswv, xa nyob rau hauv procession ntawm Vladimir-on-Klyazma. Txoj kev uas mus rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub peev, thiab nyob rau hauv uas qhov kev tshwm sim tshwm sim, pib hu ua Sretenka, thiab lub monastery tsim nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm no. Cov xwm txheej legendary, Sretensky. Legendary vim hnub tom qab, tsis muaj laj thawj, Timur-Tamerlane, uas tau rhuav tshem Yelets ua ntej ntawd, tig nws cov tub rog tawm ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub nroog tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv. Vasily kuv immortalized qhov kev tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim lub Sretensky Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv 1397 nyob rau hauv lub site ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub procession.

Tswv Ntuj nqes nqe

Nyob rau hauv tus account ntawm Vladimir Icon ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv muaj ob lub legendary kev cawm dim los ntawm invaders. Ib qho tshwm sim hauv 1451, thaum Horde tub huabtais Mazovsha, tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Khan Tokhtamysh, hlawv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam Moscow, thiab nyob rau hnub ua ntej ntawm kev tawm tsam, nws khiav tawm ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub nroog tom qab ib hmo tawm ntawm lub nroog. cov neeg hauv nroog nrog lub cim. Qhov thib ob yog hais txog 1480 (tawm ntawm Akhmat, sawv ntawm Ugra River). Lub Vladimir Icon ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv tau pleev xim rau, raws li cov lus dab neeg, los ntawm tus tshaj tawm thiab tus tubtxib Lukas thaum lub sij hawm Maivliag lub neej nyob rau ntawm lub rooj ntawm lub rooj uas tsev neeg dawb huv noj.

Patriarch Luke Chrysoverg ntawm Constantinople, uas nws kav thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th tau cim los ntawm ntau pawg ntseeg kev cai lij choj, xa ib daim qauv ntawm lub cim no rau Yuri Dolgoruky. Tom qab lub Sretensky Monastery tau tsim, nyob rau hauv Moscow, lub yim hli ntuj 26, lub Vladimir Icon ntawm leej niam ntawm Vajtswv, tus Cawm Seej ntawm lub peev los ntawm nws conquest los ntawm Tamerlane cov tub rog, raug xa mus rau nws txhua xyoo nyob rau lub yim hli ntuj 26 los ntawm ib tug procession los ntawm lub Assumption Cathedral..

Sretensky monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow hu nkauj
Sretensky monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow hu nkauj

monastic vaj tse uas muaj sia nyob rau hnub no

Cov vaj tse qub ntawm lub tuam tsev tsis tau khaws cia. Ntawm cov tsev qub qub uas tau dim tag nrho kev tsov rog thiab kev kub ntxhov, tsib lub tsev teev ntuj tau muaj sia nyob mus txog niaj hnub no,ua nyob rau hauv 1679 nrog cov nyiaj ntawm Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich, ib nrab-tus kwv ntawm Peter I. Fyodor III, ua ke nrog nws tus poj niam Agafya Semyonovna Grushetskaya, tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb ntawm lub Monastery Sretensky nyob rau hauv Moscow. Twb tau tom qab kev tuag ntawm ob leeg nyob rau hauv 1706, lub tsev teev ntuj yav qab teb tau tsim - lub Nativity ntawm Yauhas cov neeg Baptist. Nyob rau hauv lub iconostasis ntawm lub Cathedral ntawm lub Sretensky Monastery nyob rau hauv 1680, cov muaj koob muaj npe ob peb muab tso rau cov dluab ntawm lawv patrons - Saints Theodore Stratilates thiab martyr Agafya. Cov cim nyob ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm lub qhov rooj muaj koob muaj npe.

Role in national history

Feem ntau, lub tsev teev ntuj no tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv txoj hmoo ntawm Romanov dynasty - nws nquag pab txhawb rau lub zog ntawm Mikhail Fedorovich, thawj Lavxias teb sab tsar, tus tuav lub npe no. Tag nrho cov pilgrimages ntawm lub sab sauv strata ntawm Lavxias teb sab haiv neeg pib, raws li ib tug txoj cai, nyob rau hauv no monastery. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, tseem muaj, txawm hais tias ib ntus, lub primatial pulpit. Thiab lub Vladimir Icon ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv, uas belongs rau lub thaj neeb ntawm lub monastery, cawm Moscow peb zaug ntawm yeeb ncuab ntes thiab puas tsuaj.

Sretensky Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow yees duab
Sretensky Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow yees duab

monastery frescoes

Txawm hais tias nws tseem ceeb, lub Cathedral ntawm Kev nthuav qhia ntawm Vladimir Icon ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv kom txog rau thaum 1707 sawv tsis tau. Xyoo no, ua tsaug rau cov nyiaj pub dawb los ntawm S. F. Griboedov, ib tug tub rog Streltsy, frescoes tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev, uas yog zoo khaws cia rau niaj hnub no thiab sawv cev rau ib tug kawg masterpieces ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab kos duab nyob rau hauv lub capital. Nws tsis paub tias leej twg tau pleev xim rau phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, txij li thaum hluav taws ntawm 1737 tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws txawj ntse tau hlawv hauv lub tsev teev ntuj.masters, uas nws professionalism yog pov thawj los ntawm cov thawj thematic kev tsim kho ntawm frescoes thiab lub zoo meej ntawm kev tua.

Dub nplooj ntawv keeb kwm

Cov xwm txheej ntxhov siab rau lub tsev teev ntuj tuaj hauv 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua XX. Tsuas yog ib qho kev lees paub thoob plaws hauv Soviet Russia los ntawm 1922 txog 1926 yog lub tsev teev ntuj hu ua "renovationism", uas, hauv qhov tseem ceeb, yog kev hloov pauv rau tsoomfwv tshiab kom muaj sia nyob. Nws nquag tawm tsam nrog Patriarch Tikhon. Sai li Sretensky Monastery tau txav los ntawm kev kho dua tshiab rau kev tswj hwm yawg suab hauv xyoo 1923, teeb meem pib, thiab xyoo 1925 lub tsev teev ntuj raug kaw. Txog rau xyoo 30th, ntau lub tsev ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau raug rhuav tshem tsis zoo. Qhov kev txhawb siab yog kev nthuav dav ntawm txoj kev, ib qho ntawm lub hauv paus, txij li Sretensky Monastery, uas nws qhov chaw nyob hauv Moscow yog Bolshaya Lubyanka Street, 19, nyob hauv plawv nroog. Ntawm cov vaj tse uas raug puas tsuaj yog lub Koom Txoos St. Mary of Egypt thiab lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Nicholas.

sretensky monastery chaw nyob hauv Moscow
sretensky monastery chaw nyob hauv Moscow

Lawv tsis tau rov qab los. Lub thaj neeb ntawm lub monastery tau disbanded rau hauv tsev cia puav pheej. Nws tsuas yog los ntawm lub sijhawm uas lub cim qub ntawm Ex altation of the Cross, uas tau xaus rau hauv Anti-Religious Tsev khaws puav pheej, tau khaws cia thiab tam sim no nyob rau hauv Tretyakov Gallery. Cov vaj tse uas tseem tshuav nyob hauv tsev dormitories rau NKVD cov tub ceev xwm. Qhov tseeb hais tias tib neeg raug tua nyob rau thaj av dawb huv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog pov thawj los ntawm kev pe hawm tus ntoo khaub lig tsim xyoo 1995 hauv kev nco txog cov neeg raug tsim txom.

Rov qab mus rau pawg ntseeg bosom

Txog xyoo 90th, All-Union Artistic Scientific thiab Restoration Center muaj npe tom qab A. I. Grabar. Xyoo 1991Lub tsev teev ntuj raug xa rov qab mus rau lub Koom Txoos Orthodox, tom qab uas nws lub rooj txhawb siab pib - cov vaj tse qub raug txum tim rov qab los, cov tsev tshiab thiab lub tswb nrov tau tsim. Ib lub tsev tshaj tawm loj ua haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw monastery. 400 tus neeg kawm ntawm cov chav kawm catechetical. 40 cov txiv plig thiab cov novices nyob hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 4, 1925, ua ntej lub kaw tiav, yav tom ntej Patriarch Pimen (nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no Sergei Izvekov), uas tuag nyob rau hauv 1990, twb tonsured nyob rau hauv lub Sretensky Monastery nrog lub npe Platon..

Kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub tuam tsev

Shrines ntawm Sretensky Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow
Shrines ntawm Sretensky Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow

Txhua lub tsev nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog, uas tau hloov pauv zoo kawg nkaus nyob rau xyoo tas los no, sib haum rau nws qhov tshiab, suav nrog Sretensky Monastery hauv Moscow. Daim duab hauv qab no hais lus eloquently ntawm nws tam sim no austere kev zoo nkauj. Lawm, ib tug ntawm cov hiob monasteries uas ua lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv txoj hmoo ntawm Russia, nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm lub capital, tau txais kev saib xyuas los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm lub Koom Txoos Orthodox. Tsis tas li ntawd, txij li lub tsev teev ntuj yog stavropegic, Patriarch ntawm Moscow yog nws tus npis sov kav thiab cob qhia. Lo lus "stauropegial" txhais tau hais tias tsis yog subordination ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj rau lub zos diocesan tub ceev xwm. Xws li monasteries thiab laurels nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm yawg koob. Txog rau xyoo 1918, lub tsev teev ntuj, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog, ntawm Bolshaya Lubyanka Street (yav tas los Sretenka), muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm lub xeev lub tsev teev ntuj uas muaj nyob tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa hauv xeev. Niaj hnub no, Sretensky Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow yog stauropegial.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj txaus siab

Txhua yam hauv lub tsev teev ntuj sib haum rau nws qib siab. Sretensky Monastery hauv Moscow tuaj yeem txaus siab rau ntau yam. Pawg hu nkauj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj (tsis yog cov neeg hu nkauj, tab sis hu nkauj nws tus kheej) yog tib lub hnub nyoog, thiab paub tsis yog rau cov parishioners thiab lovers ntawm dawb huv suab paj nruag. Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, Sretensky hu nkauj thiab nws cov choristers tau txais kev lees paub, raws li lawv tau nrog cov kev cai dab qhuas thoob plaws hauv nroog. Tau dhau los ntawm lub sijhawm nyuaj, kev sib sau ua ke, rov kho dua ua ke nrog lub tsev teev ntuj, pib tau txais cov yam ntxwv tshiab sib xws rau lub sijhawm, thiab thaum kawg tsim los ntawm 2005. Nws yog coj los ntawm ib tug kawm tiav ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Music Nikon Stepanovich Zhila.

Sretensky Monastery Hotel nyob rau hauv Moscow
Sretensky Monastery Hotel nyob rau hauv Moscow

Nws yog tus hu nkauj ntawm Trinity-Sergius Lavra txij thaum yau. Nrog rau cov kev pabcuam, cov soloists ntawm pawg hu nkauj ua kev ua yeeb yam thiab kaw albums. Txhua tus ntawm 30 soloists muaj kev kawm suab paj nruag zoo heev - Gnesinka, lossis Moscow Theological lossis Sretinskaya Seminaries. Muaj cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm Moscow Academy ntawm Choral Art thiab Moscow Conservatory. Raws li cov kiv cua thiab cov kws tshaj lij, tus thawj coj txawj ntse "tig lub suab ntawm lub suab rau hauv lub cev muaj sia." Pawg hu nkauj muaj cov neeg hu nkauj nrov hauv ntiaj teb - Dmitry Beloselsky thiab lwm tus.

Hwm lub cim thiab relics ntawm tus ncaj ncees

Lub thaj neeb ntawm Sretensky Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow yog sawv cev feem ntau los ntawm cov relics ntawm Hieromartyr Hilarion (Troitsky), ib tug npis sov thiab theologian ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj, ib tug icon nrog ib tug particle ntawm lub relics ntawm St. Seraphim ntawm Sarov.. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov seem ntawm St. Mary of Egypt, Saints JohnChrysostom, Basil the Great thiab Nicholas tus Wonderworker. Lub thaj neeb muaj xws li qhov tsis zoo (lub ntsej muag ntawm lub Shroud) thiab qhov zoo (daim duab) ntawm lub neej-loj daim qauv ntawm lub Shroud ntawm Turin, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub crypt ntawm lub cathedral. Nws raug fij tseg los ntawm Patriarch Alexei II ntawm Moscow raws li daim duab ntawm tus Cawm Seej Tsis Ua los ntawm Tes. Daim ntawv teev kev hwm ntawm Vladimir Icon ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv ua tiav cov npe thaj chaw thaj chaw ntawm Sretensky Monastery.

Cov neeg ua haujlwm Sretensky Monastery hauv Moscow
Cov neeg ua haujlwm Sretensky Monastery hauv Moscow

Kev tsis qia dub rau Vajtswv lub yeeb koob

Cov neeg uas qia dub thiab yeem ua haujlwm rau Vajtswv lub yeeb koob yog nyob ntawm Orthodox monasteries, tab sis tsis yog cov novices - cov no yog cov neeg ua haujlwm. Lub Sretensky Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow, zoo li lwm lub tsev teev ntuj, xav tau kev pab. Cov neeg ua haujlwm txawv ntawm ob qho tib si pilgrims thiab novices. Qhov tseeb, cov no yog cov neeg uas nyuam qhuav npaj siab rau lawv tus kheej rau pawg ntseeg kiag li. Muaj ib qho kev qhia rau cov neeg ua haujlwm, uas qee qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau lawv, thiab nws tsis pom zoo kom ua txhaum lawv. Feem ntau cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj rau lub tsev teev ntuj rau ib lub sijhawm, thiab lawv, ntawm chav kawm, xav tau chaw nyob. Lub tsev so ntawm Sretensky Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv lub npe "Podushkin" yog npaj rau qhov no. Tab sis, hmoov tsis, nyob rau hauv 2012, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, nws pom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib tug scandal vim lub fact tias cov npe ntawm cov kev pab cuam muab, raws li cov tub ceev xwm cov koom haum, suav nrog intimate sawv daws yuav. Tus abbot ntawm Sretensky Monastery hu ua cov ntaub ntawv slander.

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