Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Blessed Virgin Mary nyob rau hauv Vitebsk yog ib qho chaw ua vaj tse ntawm lub qub txeeg qub teg Polotsk ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th, uas nyob rau hauv lub nroog centre, ntawm ntug dej ntawm Western Dvina River. Lub tsev teev ntuj muaj keeb kwm nplua nuj thiab nthuav. Txog lub tuam tsev no, keeb kwm ntawm nws kev tsim kho thiab qhov tseeb txawv txawv txog nws yuav raug tham hauv kab lus no.
History
Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm hauv Vitebsk, raws li keeb kwm ntawm 16th-17th centuries (cov keeb kwm ntawm Bykhovets, keeb kwm ntawm Stryikovsky), tau tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th. Kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, raws li cov xwm txheej no, yog txuam nrog Tub Vaj Ntxwv Olgerd, xav tias nws yog nws tus uas txiav txim rau kev tsim kho.
Nyob rau hauv lwm cov lus dab neeg, uas tau sau tseg nyob rau hauv lub nroog chronicle yos rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 17th, nws tau hais tias lub tuam tsev tau tsa los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Princess Olga nyob rau hauv 974, ib txhij nrog lub founding ntawm Vitebsk. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias hnub tim, uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev tsim kho lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm hauv Vitebsk, tsis yog.ntsia.
Tsev Tshawb Fawb
Tus paub zoo ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm ntawm architecture, archaeologist thiab restorer A. M. Pavlinov thawj zaug tshawb xyuas lub tsev teev ntuj thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Tom qab kawm tiav ntawm lub Koom Txoos Annunciation nyob rau hauv Vitebsk, nws hais tias lub tuam tsev yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub 10th mus rau lub xyoo pua 12th, thiab nws xav tias lub xyoo pua 11th yog lub feem ntau yuav siv hnub tim.
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev xeem, tus kws kho mob keeb kwm kos duab thiab tus kws sau keeb kwm NI Brunov xaus lus tias lub tuam tsev tau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 12th. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov kev xav no tsis tau tawm tsam los ntawm ib tus kws tshawb fawb txog niaj hnub no.
Lub sijhawm xyoo 1960 txog 1990, ntau yam kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav, coj los ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb: P. Rappoport, O. Trusov, T. Bubenko thiab G. Shtykhov. Lawv tau kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig yav dhau los ntawm kev xeem, nrog rau kev txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem kev tsim vaj tsev thiab cov ntaub ntawv, cov seem ntawm frescoes thiab cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho ntawm cov kws tsim vaj tsev qub. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, txhua tus kws tshawb fawb pom zoo tias lub Koom Txoos Vitebsk Annunciation tau tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th, suav tias yog Byzantine craftsmen, siv Byzantine architectural techniques.
Church Description
Tsis zoo li cov tuam tsev Polotsk thaum ub, ua los ntawm plinth (ci ci cib) siv cov txheej txheem ntawm "melting" cov cib nyob sib ze, lub Koom Txoos ntawm Annunciation hauv Vitebsk tau tsim tsis yog nrog kev pab ntawm plinth, tab sis kuj nrog pob zeb. Kev siv pob zeb yog uncharacteristic rau architects ntawm cov chaw. Pob zeb thaiv tom qab ua tib zoo polishing ntawm nostacked nyob rau hauv ib los yog ob kab, ces tuaj ib txheej ntawm ob los yog peb kab ntawm plinths, thiab dua pob zeb blocks.
Txoj kev masonry no hais txog kev ua tsev tsis yog haiv neeg. Lub tuam tsev yog ib tug hloov cubic rau-pillar hom tsev, tab sis nrog ib tug me me dav ntawm sab aisles thiab apses. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsev teev ntuj muaj qhov elongation loj piv rau lwm lub tuam tsev ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Qhov txawv txav yog qhov tseeb tias lub ntsej muag thiab nraub qaum yog ua los ntawm peb naves, thiab sab sawv daws - ntawm plaub.
Hnub no lub tuam tsev tsuas muaj ib lub dome loj xwb, tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias thaum chiv thawj muaj ib tug thib ob, tab sis me dua.
Sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj thiab murals
Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm hauv Vitebsk muaj qhov kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Cov phab ntsa thiab qab nthab ntawm lub tuam tsev sab hauv yog pleev xim rau nrog ntau lub frescoes los ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg ntseeg, nrog rau Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv thiab Khetos. Arches thiab ces kaum yog decorated nrog floral qauv. Tab sis nrog rau cov kev txawj ntse ua tiav frescoes, hauv qab ntawm lub tsev tsis txawm muaj plaster. Qhov no tau ua kom txhob txwm ua, qhov tseeb yog tias, raws li txoj kev npaj ntawm cov neeg kho dua tshiab, qhov qis ntawm cov qauv tseem nyob hauv nws daim ntawv qub.
Ua tsaug rau qhov no, koj tuaj yeem pom tau raws nraim li cas cov pob zeb thaiv thiab plinths tau nteg tawm. Feem ntau, cov kev daws teeb meem zoo li qub, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, koj yuav tsis pom dab tsi zoo li nws nyob qhov twg.
Kuj nyob rau sab sauv ntawm lub façade naves thiab hauv lawv qhov chaw koj tuaj yeem pom cov nplais mosaic zoo nkauj. Lawv piav txog Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv thiab Tshaj Tawm. Lawv tau ua nyob rau hauv iconographic Byzantine style. Ntawm daim duabLub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Annunciation hauv Vitebsk koj tuaj yeem pom thiab txaus siab rau qhov zoo nkauj ntawm frescoes thiab mosaic panels.
Tuam Tsev ntawm 17th mus rau 20th century
Lub tsev teev ntuj tau rov ua dua thiab rov ua dua. Xyoo 1619, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Sigismund III, lub tuam tsev tau raug xa mus rau Greek Catholics (Uniates). Thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog Northern, lub tsev teev ntuj raug puas tsuaj loj, thiab nyob rau hauv 1714 ib tug loj-scale kho. Tom qab 45 xyoo, lub tuam tsev tau rov tsim kho dua tshiab, thiab lig baroque tau pom meej meej nyob rau hauv nws cov architectural style.
Xyoo 1832, Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm hauv Vitebsk tau rov qab los rau cov ntseeg Orthodox, thiab 20 xyoo tom qab nws tau rov tsim dua.
Thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, lub tsev teev ntuj tau txais kev puas tsuaj loj, tab sis tom qab nws xaus, lub tuam tsev tau rov qab los, thiab xyoo 1953 nws tau muab cov xwm txheej ntawm keeb kwm thiab architecture. Txawm hais tias qhov no, yim xyoo tom qab nws yuav luag tag nrho los ntawm kev tawg thaum lub sij hawm tso tram lem. Tsuas yog rau phab ntsa xwb.
Xyoo 1968, kev ua haujlwm archaeological tau ua tiav, thiab cuaj xyoo tom qab - kev txuag ntawm cov ruins. Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1993 txog 1998 lub tuam tsev tau rov qab los, khaws cov khoom seem ntawm cov thawj masonry.
Church tam sim no
Hnub no, lub tuam tsev tau rov qab los lawm, thiab thaj chaw ib puag ncig kuj tau ua kom zoo. Ib tug belfry thiab ib lub tuam tsev ntoo nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm St. Alexander Nevsky tau ua ib sab ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Ib lub tiaj ua si zoo nkauj tau raug tso tawm, uas muaj ntau yam ntoo thiab tsob ntoo cog.
Nrogcoob tus neeg ncig tebchaws, ntawm no koj tuaj yeem ntsib cov neeg taug kev thiab cov neeg nyob hauv zos. Muaj ntau yam keeb kwm thiab architectural monuments nyob ze.
Ib zaug nyob rau hauv Vitebsk thiab mus saib nws ntau qhov kev nthuav dav, koj yuav tsum tau mus rau lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Blessed Virgin Mary. Lub tsev tshwj xeeb no, uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no, tsis yog tsuas yog kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj xwb, tab sis kuj muaj qhov txawv txav txawv txawv.
