Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Peter thiab Paul ntawm Gorodyanka: piav qhia thiab duab

2024 Tus sau: Miguel Ramacey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 06:20

Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Peter thiab Paul ntawm Gorodyanka - yog qhov qub tshaj plaws hauv Smolensk. Nws yog me me thiab unplastered. Thiab nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug "liab qab" daim ntawv tam sim ntawd attracts lub qhov muag. Qhov no yog li cas lub tsev teev ntuj thaum chiv thawj zoo li. Thiab khaws cia rau hauv nws daim ntawv qub kom txog rau thaum xyoo pua nees nkaum.

Church History

Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Peter thiab Paul ntawm Gorodyanka (Smolensk) muaj teeb meem kev tsim kho hnub. Kev lig kev cai - 1146 Tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias hnub no tsis raug, vim hais tias cov ntaub ntawv hais txog ntau lub tuam tsev yog yuam kev. Thiab nyob rau xyoo 1964 nws tau npaj los xav txog xyoo 1170 yog hnub uas lub tuam tsev tshwm sim.

Yuav tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog thawj 4 centuries ntawm lub tuam tsev txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub annals. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau ua nyob rau hauv ib tug princely yos hav zoov cia. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm hom tuam tsev - "patrimonial". Nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, princely arches tau npaj ua ntej rau faus.

Lub sijhawm paub zoo hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub tuam tsev tsuas yog pib xyoo 1611 thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam Polish. Cov Poles, tau ntes lub nroog ntawm Smolensk, tsim ib tug episcopate nyob rau hauv nws, qhov chaw nyob uas tau xaiv lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Peter thiab Paul. Lub sij hawm dhau los ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau nwsntxiv chav ntxiv. Thiab lub tsev teev ntuj los ua ib pawg ntseeg. Tom qab tshem tawm ntawm Poles, lub Unitarian episcopate tau liquidated. Thiab lub tswb nrov tau tshwm sim nyob ib sab ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj.

Hloov kho, rov qab

Lub sijhawm dhau mus, lub tuam tsev tiav, cov plag tsev tau tsa, thiab ib qho tshiab tshwm nyob ze - Great Martyr Barbara. Xyoo 1812, lub Koom Txoos ntawm Petus thiab Povlauj ntawm Gorodyanka raug puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv hluav taws, txawm lub tswb raug yaj.

Tsuas ua tsaug rau tus pov thawj Zubovsky ib nrab tswj kom txuag tau cov cuab yeej. Tom qab kev txum tim rov qab los, txhua yam uas nws coj tau rov qab los rau hauv lub tuam tsev. Kev kho thiab kho lub tsev nyob rau xyoo 1837. Lub dome thaum ub tau hloov nrog lub tshiab, tab sis lub hauv paus ntawm lub nruas tseem zoo li qub. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, lub tsev teev ntuj tau siv los ua ib lub tsev cia puav pheej, tab sis tib lub sijhawm cov kev pabcuam tau mus rau hauv nws. Lawv tsuas yog sib ntaus sib tua hauv lub tuam tsev ntawm Barbara, uas nws tau txuas nrog.

Xyoo 1924, kev txhim kho lub tsev tau pib dua. Tab sis xyoo 1936 lub tsev teev ntuj raug kaw, thiab cov thawj coj raug tsim txom. Lub tsev tau rov siv dua rau lwm lub hom phiaj. Lub archive yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj. Thaum ntxov 60s. Tus kws kes duab vajtse nto moo Pyotr Baranovsky coj los kho lub tsev teev ntuj. Nws tau cais lub tuam tsev ntawm Varvara thiab rov qab mus rau nws qhov qub qub, uas yog nyob rau xyoo pua kaum ob. Thiab tam sim no lub nroog Smolensk khav theeb lub Koom Txoos ntawm Peter thiab Paul, uas zoo li 900 xyoo dhau los.

Architecture thiab kev tsim kho nta

Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Petus thiab Povlauj yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov sib npaug nruj. Lub tsev teev ntuj muaj ib lub tsev teev ntuj ntoo khaub lig-domed plaub-ncej. Cov phab ntsa yog ua los ntawm plinth, ib co ntawm lawv yog patterned, rau arcade siv thiabsemi-kem masonry. Muaj ntau embossed kos npe rau ntawm qhov kawg. Cov av nplaum yas tau siv los ua cov khoom siv khi thaum siv. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim rau cov masonry, loj ceramic golosniks tau siv. Hauv pem teb kuj tseem ua los ntawm plinth. Tom qab ntawd nws tau hloov los ntawm cov xim majolica vuas. Tab sis dhau ntau pua xyoo, nws tsis tau muaj sia nyob. Tsuas yog nyias nyias nyob hauv lub qhov ntxa princely.

Lub faus ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog faib los ntawm lub xub pwg hniav. Cov nruab nrab yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm semi-kem, uas cov ces kaum tsis muaj. Lub qhov rais ntawm lub tuam tsev yog semi-circular, dav, nrog ib-theem niches. Nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa, unsealed kwj dej los ntawm cov hav zoov tau khaws cia. Ntawm lub facades ntawm theem ntawm zakomar - ib tug ribbon nrog ob chav curb, tsim ib hom cornice.

Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Peter thiab Paul ntawm Gorodyanka tau khaws cov seem ntawm Romanesque architecture. Cov no yog semicircular portals nrog tympanums. Tab sis lawv tau ua heev modestly thiab tsuas muaj lub traction rectangular. Nyob rau sab hauv ntawm lub tuam tsev muaj cov ncej haib nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug niaj hnub ntoo khaub lig thiab txuas nrog girth arches. Cylindrical vaults tig mus rau sab hnub poob.

sab hauv ntawm lub tuam tsev

Vim qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov qhov rais thiab cov niches ua nyob rau hauv lub Koom Txoos ntawm Peter thiab Paul, ib tug tuaj yeem pom cov teeb pom kev zoo. Lub thaj ua ntej muaj ib lub rooj rau cov txiv plig. Cov pab pawg hu nkauj nrog cov thawv ntim khoom thiab cov ntawv hloov pauv tsuas yog nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub tsev.

Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Peter thiab Paul ntawm Gorodyanka tsis muaj narthex. Nyob rau sab qab teb, cov hu nkauj yog nyob ntawm ib lub tsev teev ntuj cais. Nws yog sib cais los ntawm cib ntsa. Nyob ntawmnyob rau sab qaum teb ib nrab ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ib tug staircase tau ua, illuminated los ntawm 2 qhov zoo li lub qhov rais. Hauv qab pawg hu nkauj nyob rau sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb muaj 2 khub ntawm arcosolia.

Thaum ntxov, cov phab ntsa thiab qhov rais qhib ntawm lub tuam tsev tau pleev xim rau. Txog rau tam sim no, tsuas yog cov seem ntawm cov duab tseem nyob. Tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem rov qab kho cov phiaj xwm, txij li cov duab kos yuav luag tag. Nws ib nrab muaj nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tab sis ces yuav luag tag.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa sawv daws.

Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Peter thiab Paul ntawm Gorodyanka (Smolensk, chaw nyob: Kashen st., 20) tab tom ua haujlwm tam sim no. Cov kev pabcuam Vajtswv tau rov qab los hauv pawg ntseeg txij li xyoo 1991. Nyob rau xyoo 1993, Alexy II, Patriarch of All Russia, tau mus xyuas pawg ntseeg. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1996, nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm hnub tseem ceeb (85th hnub tseem ceeb) ntawm lub tuam tsev, muaj ib lub rooj sab laj txog kev tshawb fawb. Los ntawm 1992 mus rau 2000 lub tsev teev ntuj tab tom kho kho.