Lo lus "rune" los ntawm lub hauv paus qub Norse uas txhais tau tias "ntxhi, paub tsis meej, zais cia." Yog li cov neeg German thaum ub hu ua cov cim, uas, ntxiv rau kev sau ntawv, tau siv los ua cov cim khawv koob. Lub zog tej yam yees siv ntawm runes yog tam sim no txaus siab rau ntau tus kws tshawb fawb. Interestingly, zoo li sau ntawv tau pom tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv Asia. Cov runes no hu ua Turkic.
Dab tsi yog runes?
Runes yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv tshwj xeeb, txawv ntawm lwm tus hauv qhov ntawd, ntxiv rau kev sib txuas lus, lawv kuj ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev paub dawb ceev.
Cov ntsiab lus dawb ceev no yog los ntawm thaj av Scandinavian. Runic sau tau siv los pauv cov ntaub ntawv. Runes tau kos rau ntawm pob zeb, pob zeb thiab qhia txog cov dab neeg thiab dab neeg ntawm Scandinavia. Feem ntau, cov tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe tau koom nrog cov ntawv sau ntawm runes, uas tau tso lawv cov npe ntawm txhua qhov chaw, txawm nyob hauv cov tuam tsev. Tab sis muaj cov neeg sawv dawsleej twg paub sau ntawv, leej twg ua engraving.
A rune yog ib lub cim kos uas qhia lub suab ntawm ib tsab ntawv lossis lub suab. Lawv sawv cev rau ob lub vowels thiab consonants.
Muaj ntau tus lej rune. Peb yuav tham txog ib tug ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm. Tshwj xeeb, txog cov runes pom nyob rau hauv Asia.
Kev xav ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm Turkic runic kev lig kev cai
Thaum Turkic runes tau pom thawj zaug, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau pib kawm lawv keeb kwm.
B. Thomsen nyob rau hauv 1882 deciphered lub Turkic runic tsab ntawv. Thiab nws tau hais tias qhov kev sau no yog los ntawm cov ntawv Aramaic nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm Pahlevian thiab Sogdian. Tus kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev V. Livshits tau qhia Thomsen txoj kev xav thiab xav txog cov theem ntawm kev hloov cov ntawv Aramaic, uas ua rau tsim cov ntawv Turkic runic.
Lwm tus kws tshawb fawb Lavxias N. A. Aristov ntseeg tias Turkic runes tshwm sim los ntawm tamgin cov cim uas muaj ua ntej tsab ntawv Aramaic. Thiab E. Polivanov tau hais tias cov cim ntawm kev sau ntawv zoo ib yam li cov ntsiab lus ntawm Sogdian sau.
Qhov kev xav tsim nyog tshaj plaws ntawm keeb kwm ntawm kev sau ntawv Turkic yog Sogdian cawv. Qhov qub Turkic inscription hnub rov qab mus rau 570 AD - lub Bugut stele (Mongolia, Orkhon River cheeb tsam).
Kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev sau ntawv Turkic thaum ub
Thawj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub qub Turkic monuments nrog runic inscriptions tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm ntawm Peter I. Thiab ib tug ntxaws kev kawm ntawm lub monuments pib nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th tom qab lub expeditions ntawm Messerschmidt thiabStrallenberg hauv 1721-1722 hauv Minusian steppes.
Nyob rau xyoo 1889, N. M. Yadrintsev nrhiav tau Orkhon monuments nrog runic sau nyob rau hauv Mongolia. Tom qab qhov kev tshawb pom no, nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab tus qauv grammatical ntawm tsab ntawv. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1893, W. Thomsen, tus naas ej philologist, deciphered cov inscriptions.
Tom qab ntawd, keeb kwm monuments ntawm Turkic runic sau kuj tau pom nyob ze ntawm Yenisei River. Txog 40 Finnish ntoj ke mus kawm tau raug xa mus rau thaj chaw no, kev txhais lus ntawm Yenisei inscriptions tau ua. Thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tus kws tshawb fawb Lavxias S. E. Malov tau luam tawm cov ntawv ntawm Orkhon thiab Yenisei monuments ntawm Turkic runic sau.
Qhov txawv ntawm Eastern thiab Western runic sau
Tau kawm txog kev sau ntawv Turkic thaum ub, saib cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm Turkic runes, txawm tias qhov tsis paub ntau tshaj plaws tuaj yeem xav tias lawv zoo ib yam li Western Germanic runes hais txog kev sau ntawv.
Cov kws tshawb fawb muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm Turkic runic sau:
- Turkic runes yog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus Germanic. Ntawd yog, runes pom nyob rau sab hnub tuaj pib nyob rau sab hnub poob.
- Ancient Turkic runes yog laus dua li Western. Yog li ntawd, Germanic runes originated los ntawm Eastern Turkic runes.
- Eastern runes tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog cov German.
- Thiab kawg, ob sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj runes muaj ib tug poj koob yawm txwv.
Yog, cov Turkic runes thaum ub zoo sib xws hauv kev sau ntawv rau cov neeg German. Txawm li cas los xij, phonetics txawv. Piv txwv li, lub ancient German rune Otal nyeem zoo li Lavxias teb sab "o".
Txoj cai tib yam ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb Turkic nyeem raws li "b", "eb". Cov graphemes zoo ib yam, tab sis cov xov tooj sib txawv.
Txawm li cas los xij, yog peb saib cov lus, peb yuav pom tias Otal rune txhais tau tias "tsev, thaj av". Thiab lub Turkic rune txhais tau tias "lub tsev pheeb suab, shack." Ntawd yog, cov ntsiab lus lexical ntawm runes zoo ib yam. Yog li ntawd, tsis tas yuav tham txog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, nrog rau cov keeb kwm sib txawv.
Magic properties of Eastern runes
Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias thaum ub, cov runes tsis yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sau ntawv los qhia cov xeeb ntxwv, tab sis kuj yog qee yam ntawm cov khoom siv yees siv uas ib tus tuaj yeem xyaum ua khawv koob.
Nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, kev siv runes rau khawv koob yog ubiquitous. Turkic runes tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov. Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau qhov no:
- Lawv muaj ob peb lub ntsiab.
- Tseem muaj khub runes, lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov hloov pauv nyob ntawm seb lawv nyob ib sab lossis ib zaug.
- 9 runes tuaj yeem sau ua ob txoj hauv kev
- Eastern rune txhais tsis yog ib yam khoom tshwj xeeb lossis txheej txheem, tab sis qhia lawv.
- Runes yog txhais los ntawm ib qho adjective.
Feem ntau, cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub siv runes ua cov khoom siv tiv thaiv. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm combining sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj. Turkic runes nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm kev qhia meej nyob rau hauv tej yam yees siv tiv thaiv. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, nws yooj yim los xaiv qhov tsim nyog adjective rau amulet.
Piv txwv li, txhawm rau ua kom muaj lub ntsej muag zoo li no, koj yuav tsum khaws lub rune uas yuav xaivkhoom tiv thaiv, ces ib tug rune xav txog qhov txaus ntshai hem tus kwv. Thiab ces peb yuav xaiv lub Turkic sab hnub tuaj rune rau ib tug adjective uas txhim khu cov nyhuv ntawm lub reflecting quab yuam.
Ntxiv rau kev tiv thaiv amulets, ib tus tuaj yeem twv nrog kev pab ntawm Turkic runes. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum nqa ib lub hnab nrog lawv tas li. Thiab siv nws raws li lub sij hawm, lub hlwb nug ib lo lus nug thiab rub tawm ntawm lub hnab. Turkic runes thiab lawv lub ntsiab lus tuaj yeem pom hauv qab no.
Kev txhais lus ntawm Turkic runes thaum ub
Kev txhais lus ntawm runes yog txuam nrog khawv koob, yog li cov kws tshawb fawb loj tsis tshawb fawb txog kev paub tsis meej. Txawm hais tias ntau tus tsis suav nrog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm runic sau thiab khawv koob.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Turkic runes muaj nyob rau hauv cov lus hauv qab no.
| Rune | Meaning |
| I | tau |
| O | boomerang |
| U | kev txhawb nqa |
| A | lub teeb |
| Y | base |
| T | nplaim taws |
| S | delete |
| R | spearfish |
| N | kev loj hlob |
| L | freedom |
| G | kev hloov pauv |
| D | hiding |
| B | hearth |
| Ng | denunciation |
| Z | cycle |
| Sh | hem |
| P | tsis muaj zog |
| M | kevforward |
| Ch | debt |
| K | undermining |
| Q | ice |
| Nt | spy |
| Lt | nrawm |
| Ny | |
| Nch | kev tiv thaiv |
| Diver | pause |
Qhov kev txhais lus ntawm ancient Eastern runes yog muab los ntawm runologists Mylene Maelinhon thiab Liri Kavvira.
Duab ntawm Turkic runes
Nyob hauv qab no koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab ntawm ancient monuments ntawm oriental runic sau.
Cov monuments no yog los ntawm Turkic.
Daim duab qhia tias cov runes nyob ze rau ib leeg, tsis muaj indents.
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias Turkic runes tuaj yeem nyeem tau ob qho tib si ntawm sab xis mus rau sab laug thiab sab laug mus rau sab xis.
Cov pom monuments yog siab steles nrog inscriptions. Feem ntau, lawv piav qhia txog dab neeg, dab neeg thiab keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg Turkic.
Keeb kwm ntawm Eastern runes yog ancient heev. Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom txiav txim siab qhov tseeb keeb kwm ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm Turkic runes. Nws tseem tsuas yog xav txog thiab nrhiav cov hauv paus rau ib qho kev xav. Qhov tseeb tseem tsis ntseeg tias cov Turkic runes thaum ub muaj nyob thiab yog thawj tsab ntawv rau kev sau ntawv Turkish.
