Temples hauv Suav teb: piav qhia, npe thiab duab

2024 Tus sau: Miguel Ramacey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 06:20

Muaj ntau lub tuam tsev qub nyob hauv Suav teb, tab sis peb yuav tsom mus rau thaj chaw nto moo tshaj plaws. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj ib zaj dab neeg nthuav uas rov qab mus rau ntau pua xyoo. Yuav luag txhua lub tsev tau dhau los ntawm lub sijhawm nyuaj thiab vim li ntawd nws thiaj li txaus siab rau cov neeg niaj hnub no. Leej twg nrhiav tau cov complexes thiab ensembles? Cov tuam tsev nyob hauv Suav teb muaj npe li cas? Peb yuav sim teb cov lus nug no thiab lwm cov lus nug hauv peb tsab xov xwm.

Temple of Heaven

Nov yog lub tuam tsev loj tshaj plaws, zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab khaws cia zoo tshaj plaws hauv Suav teb. Lub tuam tsev muaj ob phab ntsa. Thawj ntawm lawv - square - symbolizes lub ntiaj teb. Qhov thib ob - puag ncig - sawv cev rau lub ntuj. Lub tuam tsev complex, nrog rau tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm 273 hectares, yog txawv los ntawm lub splendor ntawm nws architecture thiab impresses nrog nws solemn tsos. Tag nrho cov complex yog muab faib ua sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Cov tuam tsev tseem ceeb yog nyob rau sab hauv. Cov no suav nrog Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj, qhov chaw nco txog cov plaques ntawm tus Ntsuj Plig Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej nyob. Lub Hall of Prayer for the Grain Harvest kuj nyob ntawm no. Rov qab suab phab ntsapaub txawv teb chaws raws li kev tsim kho ntawm architectural acoustics. Lub tuam tsev tsim vaj tsev ntawm lub Tuam Tsev Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej nyob rau hauv Suav teb, uas tau rov ua dua thiab rov tsim dua tshiab, yog qhov txawv ntawm ntau yam qauv thiab cov qauv thiab tau lees paub tias yog lub ntiaj teb cov pawg loj tshaj plaws tsim rau kev ua koob tsheej kev txi rau saum ntuj ceeb tsheej. Lub Tuam Tsev Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej yog qhov piv txwv tshaj plaws ntawm Suav ritual architecture. Nws yog lub npe hu rau nws cov cim nruj layout, idiosyncratic qauv thiab zoo nkauj décor.

Kev tsim lub Tuam Tsev Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej complex, muaj tseeb rau nws lub hom phiaj dawb ceev, qhia txog cov kev cai dab qhuas mystical cosmological ntseeg tias yog lub hauv paus rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Ob qhov kev teeb tsa dav dav thiab cov tsev lawv tus kheej cuam tshuam txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm ntuj ceeb tsheej thiab lub ntiaj teb ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Suav cosmology thaum lub sijhawm. Ntau yam numerology, symbolizing Suav kev ntseeg thiab kev ntseeg, yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub Tuam Tsev Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej. Piv txwv li, txij li tus naj npawb cuaj tau suav tias yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws (sawv cev mus ib txhis), cov slabs uas tsim lub thaj ntawm Round Mound tau muab tso rau hauv ntau ntawm cuaj. Ib yam li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Hall of Prayer for a Good Sauvest, sab hauv nees nkaum yim kab tau muab faib ua plaub kab hauv nruab nrab los sawv cev rau lub caij, kaum ob sab hauv los sawv cev rau lub hli, thiab kaum ob kab sab nrauv los sawv cev rau kaum ob ob teev. Lwm qhov tseeb nthuav yog tias Hall of Prayer for a Good Harvest yog ib lub tsev ntoo loj tshaj plaws hauv nruab nrab: 38 meters (125 feet) siab thiab 36 meters (118).taw) dav, ua kom tsis muaj ntsia hlau.

Ceremony at the Tuam Tsev Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej

Suav huab tais tau suav tias yog "cov tub ntawm ntuj ceeb tsheej", hwm los ua cov sawv cev saum ntuj ceeb tsheej hauv ntiaj teb. Cov huab tais suav hais tias lub caij ntuj no solstice txi ceremony rau kev sau qoob loo zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev ntseeg thiab kev nom kev tswv.

Peb hnub ua ntej ua koob tsheej, huab tais nrog nws cov thawj coj thiab cov neeg saib xyuas tau tsiv tawm ntawm Lub Nroog Forbidden mus rau qhov chaw pw hauv lub Tuam Tsev Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej. Tus huab tais hnav khaub ncaws ua koob tsheej thiab tsis txhob noj nqaij thiab cawv.

Hnub ua ntej, nyuj tau npaj ua kev txi.

Lub koob tsheej tau tuav nrog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Nws tau ntseeg tias txawm tias qhov sib txawv me ntsis tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntuj tsis txaus siab rau Suav teb. Txij li thaum 19 xyoo ntawm Ming Yongle Dynasty, 27 tus huab tais tau raug pe hawm nyob rau hauv lub Tuam Tsev Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej. Cov neeg qub tsis tau tso cai saib lub ceremony.

Temple of Heaven today

Txawm hais tias nyob rau lub sijhawm imperial cov pej xeem tsis raug tso cai nkag mus rau hauv lub tiaj ua si loj, tam sim no rau tus nqi tsawg kawg txhua tus tuaj yeem txaus siab rau nws txhua hnub.

sawv ntxov ntxov yog lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws mus xyuas Tuam Tsev Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej. Nws tsim nyog sawv: koj yuav muaj kev txaus siab saib cov neeg hauv zos ua lawv qhov kev tawm dag zog thaum sawv ntxov.

Tus neeg laus xyaum qeeb thiab ua kua dej tai chi taw tuaj yeem nyob ib sab ntawm tus tub hluas ua kung fu ncaws pob. Ib pab pawg yuav kawm txog kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum ub ntawm ntaj sib ntaus sib tua, thaum lwm tuskev seev cev.

Shaolin Monastery

Ntawm cov tuam tsev teev ntuj hauv Suav teb, lub Tuam Tsev Shaolin, nrhiav tau hauv 495 AD, sawv tawm. e. nyob rau sab hnub poob ko taw ntawm Songshan Roob, 13 kilometers qaum teb hnub poob ntawm Dengfeng City, Henan Province. Tus huab tais Xiaowen ntawm Northern Wei Dynasty (386-557) tau tsim lub tuam tsev rau lub tsev Indian tus tswv Batuo (Buddhabhadra). Lub Tuam Tsev Shaolin txhais tau tias "lub tuam tsev nyob rau hauv hav zoov tuab ntawm Mount Shaoshi". Raws li thawj tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Shaolin, Batuo (Buddhabhadra) tau mob siab rau nws tus kheej los txhais cov vaj lug kub thiab tshaj tawm rau ntau pua ntawm nws cov thwjtim. Tom qab ntawd, lwm tus Vaj Qhia Khab, Bodhidharma, tuaj txog ntawm lub Tuam Tsev Shaolin thiab tau hais tias tau hla tus dej Yangtze ntawm cov reeds. Nws tau siv cuaj xyoo los xav hauv Wuru Peak Qhov tsua thiab pib ua Suav chan kev lig kev cai ntawm lub Tuam Tsev Shaolin. Tom qab ntawd, Bodhidharma tau txais lub npe ntawm thawj Patriarch ntawm Chan Buddhism. Txij li Suav Kung Fu kuj tau los ntawm lub Tuam Tsev Shaolin, nws tau raug lees paub tias yog lub hauv paus ntawm Chan Buddhism thiab lub txaj ntawm Kung Fu. Lub Tuam Tsev Shaolin suav nrog ntau qhov chaw nthuav dav xws li Hall of Heavenly Realms (Tianwangdian), Mahavir Hall, Pagoda Forest, Dharma Cave thiab Martial Arts Training Center.

Shanmen Hall

Ntawm saum toj yog lub cim hais tias "Shaolin Tuam Tsev". Cov ntsiav tshuaj tau kos npe los ntawm Kangxi Emperor (1622-1723) thaum lub sijhawm Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Zaum hauv qab ntaiv ntawm lub tsev yog ob tug tsov ntxhuav zeb ua thaum lub sij hawm Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). Maitreya Buddha khaws cia hauv lub tsev. Ob sab ntawm txoj kev hauv tsev sab nraum lub rooj vag ntawm lub tsevkab nrog cov ntawv sau rau ntawm pob zeb steles ua thaum lub sij hawm kav ntawm ob peb lub dynasties.

Hall of Heavenly Kings

Lub rooj vag ntawm lub tsev yog saib xyuas los ntawm ob daim duab qhia txog Vajra (tus qhev ntawm cov tub rog tub rog). Nyob rau hauv lub tsev yog cov nuj nqis ntawm Plaub Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej Vaj, uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub pious tus cwj pwm ntawm tib neeg thiab lawv foom koob hmoov.

Mahavira Hall

Ntawm no yog cov hnub so tseem ceeb thiab thov Vajtswv tsis tu ncua. 18 Cov thwj tim sawv daws sawv ntawm phab ntsa sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb ntawm lub tsev. Lub tsev no muaj cov Buddhas ntawm Middle, East thiab West, raws li Shakyamuni Buddha, Pharmacist Buddha thiab Amitabha Buddha. Cov duab ntawm Kingnaro (tus tsim ntawm Shaolin Club) thiab Dharma (tus tsim ntawm Suav Zen Buddhism) sawv ntawm peb lub Buddhas, uas nws txoj kev npaj txawv heev ntawm lwm lub Mahavira Halls. Ntawm ko taw ntawm tus ncej hauv Mahavira Hall no yog cov tsov ntxhuav pob zeb tshaj ib 'meter' (kwv yees li 3.33 ko taw) siab. Muaj txog 50 qhov me me rau hauv av, 20 centimeters (kwv yees 7.87 ntiv tes) tob.

Pagoda Forest

Cemetery for Buddhist dignitaries ntau pua xyoo. Qhov nruab nrab, cov tsev teev ntuj tsawg dua 15 meters (kwv yees 49 ko taw) siab. Cov txheej thiab cov duab ntawm lub tuam tsev yog nyob ntawm ntau yam xws li kev cai dab qhuas, kev ua tiav thiab lub koob meej thaum lub neej. Hav zoov Pagoda ntawm no yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm Tuam Tshoj lub Pagoda complexes.

koob yawm txwv koob thiab koob meej thib ob monastery

Thawj lub monastery yog ib tug xibhwb uas qhia Vajtswv txoj kevcai los ua kev nco txog Vajtswv. Nws muaj ib lub tsev loj uas txhawb nqa los ntawm 16 tus ncej zeb, cov shafts uas yog gracefully carved nrog warriors, seev cev zaj thiabphoenixes. Lub tsev teev ntuj thib ob yog lub tsev laus ntawm Huike tus poj koob yawm txwv thib ob, uas tau txiav nws sab laug los qhia nws lub siab dawb paug hauv kev kawm txog kev ntseeg los ntawm Dharma. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub monastery muaj plaub qhov chaw tsim los ntawm Dharma los pab Huika kom tau dej yooj yim.

Dharma Cave

Nyob hauv qhov tsua no, Dharma ua siab ntev saib phab ntsa thiab xav txog 9 xyoo. Thaum kawg, nws tau mus txog lub xeev ntawm sab ntsuj plig tsis txawj tuag thiab tsim kev ntseeg Zen. Lub qhov tsua yog xya meters tob (kwv yees 23 ko taw) thiab peb meters siab (kwv yees 9.8 ko taw). Muaj ntau lub pob zeb inscriptions yog carved ntawm ob sab. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsua muaj ib lub pob zeb meditation. Nws yog hais tias tus duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm Dharma tau xav txog ntawm lub pob zeb thiab ua rau nws vim nws tau siv sijhawm ntev los xav txog pem hauv ntej ntawm phab ntsa. Hmoov tsis zoo, lub pob zeb raug puas tsuaj thaum tsov rog.

Buddhist quarters

Tom qab hla lub qhov tsua Dharma, peb tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm Buddha rau cov hauj sam ib ntus. Nws yog nyob rau sab qab teb ntug dej ntawm tus dej Shaoxi opposite lub tuam tsev. Thawj ua hauv 1512 hauv Ming Dynasty, nws tau kho dua tshiab hauv Qing Dynasty. Lub quarters paub txog lawv cov qauv yooj yim thiab txawv. Nws tau tawg rau xyoo 1958 thiab tau kho dua tshiab hauv xyoo 1993.

Wushu (Martial Arts) Training Center

Shaolin cov txiv plig tau xyaum kung fu tau ntau dua 1500 xyoo. Lub kaw lus tau tsim los ntawm Dharma, uas qhia cov hauj sam cov txheej txheem los txhim kho lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev tiv thaiv, nws yog hom kev ua yeeb yam uas qhia kev hloov pauv thiab lub zog.

Temple ntawm Jade Buddha

Temple hauv Suav teb muab rau Jade Buddha yognto moo complex nyob rau hauv lub bustling center ntawm Shanghai. Lub tuam tsev raug suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm 10 qhov chaw nyiam tshaj plaws hauv nroog. Keeb kwm ntawm lub tuam tsev txog niaj hnub no muaj ntau tshaj 130 xyoo. Xyoo 1882, Qing Dynasty Tus Tswv Qhia Huigen los ntawm Mount Wutai tau mus ncig rau Mount Emei thiab Tibet Dawb Huv, mus txog Is Nrias teb, thiab thaum kawg mus txog Burma coj tsib daim Jade Buddha thiab npaj rov qab mus rau Mount Wutai, ib qho ntawm plaub. Cov roob dawb huv hauv Suav teb. Nyob rau hauv Shanghai, nws tso ob tug mlom: ib tug zaum thiab ib tug reclining Buddha, thiab ua ib lub tuam tsev hu ua lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Jade Buddha. Tom qab ntawd nws raug rhuav tshem thaum tsov rog thiab rov tsim dua xyoo 1918.

Jade Buddha Tuam Tsev yog Song Dynasty style architecture nrog cov qauv meej thiab sib haum xeeb. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus axis yog lub Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej Realm Hall, lub Daxiong Great Hall, thiab lub Jade Buddha Chamber. Sab laug thiab sab xis yog Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva Hall, Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Hall, Manjushri Bodhisattva Hall, Reclining Buddha Statue, Copper Buddha Hall thiab lwm yam.

Hall of Heavenly Kings

Vaj Ntxwv Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej muaj ob chav. Maitreya Buddha zaum pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tsev nrog lub ntsej muag luag ntxhi uas yuav tshwm sim hauv ntiaj teb yav tom ntej. Tom qab tus pej thuam ntawm Maitreya yog ib tug pej thuam ntawm Skanda nrog vajra nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes, uas tiv thaiv lub tuam tsev. Ntawm ob sab ntawm lub tsev yog Plaub Vajntxwv Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej, uas yog lub cim kev thaj yeeb nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, sab hnub poob, sab qaum teb, thiab sab qab teb.

Zaj Hall

Nws yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub Tuam Tsev Jade Buddha. Peb lub Buddhas dawb huv zaum hauv lub tsev:Shakyamuni Buddha nyob nruab nrab, Amitabha nyob rau sab laug thiab tshuaj Guru Buddha nyob rau sab xis. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog hais txog plaub meters nyob rau hauv qhov siab nrog ib tug heev ntsiag to qhia ntawm lawv lub ntsej muag. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, muaj nees nkaum saum ntuj ceeb tsheej uas muaj kub nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob ntawm lub Tuam Tsev Loj. Thiab 18 tus tshwj xeeb golden arhats sawv hauv cuaj pawg sab nraum lub tsev.

Won Tai Sin Tuam Tsev

Raws li cov lus dab neeg, lub tuam tsev hauv Suav teb no muaj npe raws li tus Tswv Wong Cho Ping, tus tub yug yaj yug hauv 328 AD thaum lub sijhawm Cun Dynasty mus rau tsev neeg txom nyem los ntawm Lan Xi City, Jin Hua County, Zhejiang Province sab hnub tuaj ntug dej hiav txwv mainland Tuam Tshoj. Nws nyob tau 40 xyoo nyob rau hauv seclusion kawm no kos duab, tom qab uas nws tus tij laug Wong Cho Hei pom nws ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm Taoist tswv, thiab txij thaum ntawd los nws hu ua Wong Tai Sin. Xyoo 1915, leej txiv thiab tus tub ntawm cov pov thawj Taoist Liang Renan thiab Liang Junzhuan coj daim duab ntawm Hong Tai Sin mus rau Hong Kong los ntawm lub tuam tsev hauv zos Sik Sik Yuen hauv Xiqiao hauv xeev Guangdong, thiab daim duab no tau nthuav tawm hauv lub tuam tsev me me hauv Wan. Chai, qhov chaw uas tau tsim lub koom haum pab dawb, uas yog tus tswj lub Tuam Tsev Wong Tai Sin.

Nyob rau xyoo 1921, ua raws li Vajtswv txoj kev qhia ntawm Wong Tai Sin, cov duab kos tau raug tsiv mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub tuam tsev tam sim no, uas ntseeg tau tias muaj shung shui zoo tiv thaiv lub nraub qaum ntawm tsov ntxhuav. Lub tuam tsev yog lub thaj neeb ntiag tug rau Pu Yi Tang Taoists kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1934, thaum nws tau qhib rau pej xeem thaum Lub Xyoo Tshiab. Lub tsev teev ntuj tseem ceeb tam sim no tau tsim tsa thaum xyoo 1969 thiab 1973 thiab tau kho dua tshiab ntawm xyoo 2008 thiab 2011 tib lub sijhawm uas lub tuam tsev tau tsim. Tai Sui Yuenchen Underground Palace.

Church of the Epiphany - Kitay-Gorod

Thaum cov phab ntsa ntawm Moscow Kremlin tseem ua los ntawm ntoo, lub tsev teev ntuj thiab Epiphany Monastery, tsim los ntawm Prince Daniel nyob rau hauv 1298, twb tau sawv ntawm qhov chaw no. Nyob rau hauv no monastery, yav tom ntej Moscow Saint Alexei coj monastic vows. Nyob rau hauv 1342 tub huabtais Ivan Daniilovich Kalita nrhiav tau ib lub tsev teev ntuj pob zeb. Nws yog thawj lub tsev teev ntuj hauv Moscow sab nraum Kremlin phab ntsa. Ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tam sim no ntawm Epiphany hauv Kitai-Gorod, cov pob zeb ntawm thawj pawg ntseeg tau raug khaws cia.