Korsun cross: piav qhia, keeb kwm tseeb, duab

2024 Tus sau: Miguel Ramacey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 06:20

Muaj lus dab neeg hais tias kaum tus ntoo khaub lig uas muaj cov relics ntawm cov neeg dawb huv tau coj los ntawm Korsun (tam sim no Kherson) mus rau Kyiv los ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv-rau-tus Thwj Tim Prince Vladimir. Lub thaj neeb tau txais lawv lub npe los ntawm lub npe ntawm lub nroog uas lawv nyob ua ntej mus txog hauv lub nroog ntawm ancient Russia. Lawv keeb kwm hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua kaum. Ntau lub tsev teev ntuj zoo sib xws tau muaj sia nyob rau peb lub sijhawm. Tus ntoo khaub lig Korsun yog dab tsi? Zaj lus qhia txog lub thaj neeb.

Kev piav qhia

Korsun ntoo khaub lig yog lub npe Lavxias rau lub relic, uas yog ib tug 4-taw tes cim cim rau ntawm lub ancient Byzantine hom lub thaj thiab processional crosses. Ntawm qhov kawg ntawm daim duab, los ntawm lintels, txuas nrog cov discs dai kom zoo nkauj nrog embossing depicting lub ntsej muag ntawm cov neeg ntseeg. Cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntoo khaub lig no yog cov duab uas thaum lub sij hawm Nrab Hnub nyoog thaum ntxov tau teeb tsa hauvlub thaj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Armenia, Georgia, Syria, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau saum lub roob dawb huv Athos.

Ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Korsun Hla

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub chaw nqa khoom thiab thaj chaw thaj chaw uas tau nqis los rau peb lub sijhawm tam sim no zoo li cov lus dab neeg. Keeb kwm ntawm Korsun Cross hnub rov qab mus rau lub sij hawm ancient pre-iconoclastic. Nws yog txuam nrog lub zeem muag uas, ua ntej lub yeej kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Milvia, miraculously tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntuj rau Emperor Constantine. Raws li cov kws sau ntawv thaum ub, tus ntoo khaub lig gilded nrog cov pob puag ncig ntawm qhov kawg, ua qauv ntawm lub zeem muag uas tau tshwm sim rau tus huab tais, tau teeb tsa ntawm Lub Rooj Sib Tham hauv Constantinople. Nws yog paub tias txij thaum ntawd los, cov tsev teev ntuj uas muaj nqi heev, uas yog ob lub cim (symbolizing ob qho tib si kev txi ntawm Tswv Yexus thiab Nws txoj kev kov yeej, kev yeej ntawm kev tuag thiab ntuj txiag teb tsaus, uas qhib qhov rooj rau txoj kev cawm seej rau tib neeg), feem ntau tau muab tso rau hauv qab lub zwm txwv. hauv lub thaj. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub npe ntawm lub cim yog purely Slavic. Lub thaj neeb yog li ntawd hu ua vim hais tias thawj crosses ntawm hom no tau coj los ntawm Byzantium mus rau Lavxias teb sab pawg ntseeg los ntawm lub nroog ntawm Korsun (Chersonese).

About extant samples

Korsun crosses yog peb lub cim lub thaj uas tau teeb tsa hauv lub thaj ntawm Assumption Cathedral hauv Moscow. Ib tug ntawm lawv, plaub-taw tes, yog upholstered nrog gilded nyiaj nplooj ntawv; sab pem hauv ntej yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub pov haum thiab cov cim nrog lub ntsej muag ntawm cov neeg ntseeg. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab raws ntug yog dluab ntawm Crucifixion, Deesis, lub Annunciation thiab Sawv Rov Los. Sab nraub qaum yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov hnub qub siv lead ua, hauv nruab nrab thiab qhov kawg muaj cov cim nrog chased dluab ntawm cov ntseeg. Lwm ob plaub-taw tes hla (sab nraud) kujua los ntawm pob zeb siv lead ua. Cov duab tau muab khi nrog nyiaj thiab pom zoo rau ntawm tus ncej.

Raws li qhov ze tshaj plaws rau tus ntoo khaub lig Korsun, cov kws tshaj lij hais txog qee lub thaj cim uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no - qhov tsis tshua muaj nyiaj los ntawm Lavra - tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm St. Athanasius ntawm Athos (XI caug xyoo), hais txog tus ntoo khaub lig tooj liab los ntawm Novgorod, cov nyiaj hli caum uas yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov pob zeb zoo nkauj (XI-XII centuries). Ob lub cim yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov muaj qhov kawg ntawm qhov kawg thiab medallions nrog cov duab ntawm cov neeg ntseeg xaiv thiab lub ntsej muag ntawm Deesis.

Ob Novgorod relics ntawm lub kaum ib-thib ob centuries kuj muaj ntau yam zoo sib xws nrog cov duab ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig Korsun: ib tug ntawm cov cim yog nyob rau hauv ib tug basma chaw, lub Crucifix yog muab tso rau hauv lub hauv paus medallion, lwm yam yog. Nyob rau hauv ib qho nyiaj basma qhov chaw, ntawm ob sab muaj cov duab ntawm tus Crucifixion, nyob rau sab nraub qaum - lub ntsej muag ntawm cov neeg dawb huv xaiv thiab tus Cawm Seej Tsis Ua Los Ntawm Tes.

Lwm thaj chaw zoo, yuav luag zoo ib yam rau Moscow qhov chaw nyob, nyob rau ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. raug xa los ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm Nativity ntawm lub Virgin (Suzdal) mus rau Nikolsky Monastery (Pereslavl-Zalessky).

Keeb kwm ntawm Pereslavl-Zalesskaya relic

Txog tsis ntev los no, ib qho ntawm cov qauv tsis tshua muaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab thiab khoom siv tes ua tau khaws cia rau hauv cov nyiaj ntawm kos duab thiab keeb kwm-architectural tsev cia puav pheej-tso tseg ntawm Pereslavl Zalessky. Qhov no yog lub thaj ntoo khaub lig ntawm Korsun, uas yav tas los nyob rau hauv lub Cathedral ntawm St. Nicholas. Nikolsky Monastery. Raws li qee cov lus ceeb toom, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xya lub thaj neeb tau coj mus rau St. Nicholas Monastery los ntawm schismatics los ntawm Suzdal raws li kev them nyiaj rau lawv cov kev pab. Nws yog paub hais tias nyob rau hauv nees nkaum xyoo pua xeem lub monastery ceased nyob rau hauv. Korsun Cross tuaj rau cov nyiaj ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Pereslavl-Zalessky nyob rau hauv 1923. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, ntawm cov keeb kwm hauv zos thiab cov neeg ntseeg, ib txoj kev xav tau yug los hais tias qhov khoom plig no yog ib qho ntawm thaj chaw qub ntawm Rostov-Yaroslavl diocese ntawm thawj xyoo pua tom qab kev cai raus dej ntawm Russia.

Nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm kev sau ntawv, cov khoom cuav no tau sau tseg tias "Korsun ntoo khaub lig, ntoo qhib, plaub-taw tes, Byzantine daim ntawv, 16-17 centuries." Los ntawm 1923 txog 1926 lub relic tau nthuav tawm raws li ib qho khoom pov thawj nyob rau hauv department ntawm "lub tsev teev ntuj antiquities" ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej. Nws paub tias nyob rau lub yim hli ntuj 1998, Patriarch Alexy II thov Vajtswv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub Korsun Cross nyob rau hauv Pereslavl Zalessky. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 12, 2009, lub relics tau muab tso rau hauv lub khob iav ntawm St. Nicholas Monastery (nyob rau hauv lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej). Kev hloov pauv ntawm Korsun Cross mus rau Nikolsky Monastery los ntawm Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm tau tshwm sim thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 2010. Txij thaum ntawd los, lub thaj neeb tau khaws cia rau ntawd.

Korsun hla ntawm St. Nicholas Monastery (Pereslavl Zalessky): piav qhia

Cov khoom qub no yog ib qho khoom sib dhos, qhov siab 248 cm, dav 135 cm. Xav tias, nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv Rostov Metropolis nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua rau xyoo los yog kaum xya.

ob-sided plaub-taw taw ntoo cim yog gilded thiab overlaid nrog tooj liab. Tus ntoo khaub lig yog dai kom zoo nkaujnyiaj reliquaries - nyob rau hauv uas lub relics ntawm tus Thwj Tim Povlauj, Martyr Victor, Martyr Demetrius ntawm Thessalonica, Great Martyr George lub Victorious, John tus Baptist, fragments ntawm lub ntxa ntawm John theologian yog khaws cia. Lub thaj neeb yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog me me crosses ua los ntawm semi-precious pob zeb: lapis lazuli thiab jasper, sab pem hauv ntej yog humiliated pearls. Qhov saum npoo ntawm lub nkoj yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj ntawm cov neeg ntseeg thiab cov duab ntawm hnub so.

Dab tsi ntawm cov neeg ntseeg tau khaws cia rau hauv tus ntoo khaub lig (ntawm sab xub ntiag)?

Cov ceg sab sauv muaj: lub qhov ntxa “Ascension”, nrog rau cov seem ntawm cov relics ntawm tus Yaj Saub Dawb Huv thiab cov neeg ua kev cai raus dej ntawm tus Tswv Yauhas cov neeg Baptist, Hieromartyr Basil, Presbyter ntawm Ancyra. Nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig muaj ib lub qhov ntxa nrog ib tug overlay "Calvary's Cross". Ntawm sab laug yog: cov khoom ntawm lub relics ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv Martyr Dmitry ntawm Thessalonica, nrog rau manna los ntawm lub ntxa ntawm tus tshaj tawm txoj moo zoo thiab tus tubtxib John theologian. Ntawm sab xis yog khaws cia: cov khoom tawg ntawm cov relics ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv-Right-Right Apostle Paul, Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv Martyr George lub Victorious. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov "Entombment" pellet.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm ceg ntoo sab saud (nyob tom qab): cov khoom ntawm cov relics ntawm Holy Martyr Basil (Presbyter of Amasia), cov tub rog thiab cov neeg dawb huv Agathonikos ntawm Nicomedia, Mercury. Ntawm noKoj tuaj yeem pom "Kev Tshaj Tawm" crusher. Tus ntoo khaub lig nruab nrab sawv cev rau Kev Sawv Rov Los crusher. Cov ceg qis yog sawv cev los ntawm cov seem ntawm cov relics ntawm Tsoom Haiv Neeg Ntseeg Ignatius thiab Yaxayas ntawm Rostov, foom koob hmoov rau Prince Vasily Yaroslavsky, lub ntxa Sreteniye. Cov ceg sab xis tuav lub Nkag mus rau Yeluxalees, cov khoom tawg ntawm cov relics ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv Martyrs Christina, Eustratius. Sab laug ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig (sab nraum qab) muaj lub qhov ntxa "Assumption" thiab cov seem ntawm cov relics ntawm tus dawb huv martyr thiab warrior Orestes, nrog rau cov dawb huv martyr Marina.