Hauv Is Nrias teb, Shiva tseem hwm. Vajtswv yog nyob mus ib txhis, personifying qhov pib ntawm txhua yam. Nws txoj kev ntseeg raug suav hais tias yog qhov qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Tom qab ntawd tus txiv neej tau suav tias yog passive, nyob mus ib txhis thiab zoo li qub, thiab poj niam - nquag thiab khoom siv.
Nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm, peb yuav ua tib zoo saib cov duab ntawm no ancient deity. Ntau tus tau pom nws cov duab. Tab sis tsuas yog ob peb tus neeg ntawm Western kab lis kev cai paub cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws lub neej.
History data
Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias keeb kwm ntawm tus vajtswv Shiva yog hauv paus hauv Harappan kev vam meej. Qhov no yog kab lis kev cai ntawm cov neeg Khab thaum ub uas nyob hauv thaj av ntawm North India. Lawv tau hloov los ntawm Aryans, uas tuaj nyob rau hauv peb txhiab xyoo BC mus rau lub hav dej Indus. Niaj hnub no, cov ruins ntawm lawv lub nroog tau pom nyob rau hauv Pakistan.
Peb paub lub foob ntawm Pashupati thiab qee cov lingams (peb yuav tham txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus tom qab) ntawm lub sijhawm no. Lawv nyob ntawm qhov pom ntawm Monhejo-Daro thiab Harappa.
Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm Aryans, kev ntseeg tshiab tau tshwm sim. Cov txheej txheem no yog piv rau kev cog qoob looChristianity rau pagans nyob rau hauv thawj centuries ntawm peb era. Tam sim no ib daim duab tshiab tshwm, uas Shiva sib koom ua ke - tus vajtswv Rudra, tus npau taws thiab lim hiam ntawm cua daj cua dub, kev ua tsov ua rog thiab kev puas tsuaj.
Puas yog qhov tseeb tias keeb kwm zoo li rov ua nws tus kheej? Cov vajtswv tsis zoo, zoo li Greek Pan thiab satyrs, dhau los ua lub zog phem hauv kev ntseeg tshiab thiab kaj. Cov Aryans ntseeg hais tias nws tsis yog kev txhaum los tua "lingam pe hawm".
Hauv Vedas, Shiva tau hais hauv Rig Veda, Yajur Veda thiab Atharva Veda. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lub npe Rudra muaj ntau tshaj li ib nrab ib txhiab repetitions.
Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm cov kev cai qub, uas tau koom nrog cov neeg tawm tsam ntawm Brahmanic complexities. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev pe hawm tus vajtswv tag nrho koj lub neej yog dab tsi yog tias koj tsis tau txais nqi zog rau nws txawm tias tom ntej no rov yug dua tshiab? Tom qab tag nrho, Vedas hais tias tsuas yog brahmins thiaj ua tau txoj kev cawm seej.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas nyob rau hauv ib co sects ntawm tus tshiab tiam (Shramana), ib tug ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm lub ritual yog lub pob txha taub hau ntawm ib tug neeg tua neeg Brahmin.
Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm Upanishads (cov lus qhia ntawm Vedas) yog cov ntsiab lus ua tiav thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm Shaivism. Phau ntawv no muaj ib puas thiab kaum peb phau ntawv thiab hu ua Shvetashvatara.
Daim duab
Shiva piav qhia li cas? Vajtswv nyob rau hauv nws feem ntau ancient incarnation zoo li ib tug lingam nrog ib tug tripundra (peb dawb kab rov tav kab txaij). Daim paib no qhia txog peb lub tsev loj cuj ntawm tib neeg tus ntsuj plig lossis peb tus Huns uas tsim lub ntiaj teb Mayan.
Tom qab ntawd, Shiva pib pom tias zaum hauv lub rooj lossis ua las voos. Hauv thawj version, nws muaj tawv nqaij daj ntseg, nrog lub caj dab xiav thiabplaub tes. Feem ntau tus vaj tswv zaum hauv ib txoj hauj lwm lotus ntawm ib tug tsov daim tawv nqaij, thiab daim tawv nqaij ntawm ib tug ntxhw los yog tsov yog draped tshaj nws lub xub pwg nyom. Nws qhov muag thib peb yeej ib txwm qhib rau hauv nws lub hauv pliaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj ib tug nab nrog nws. Nws muab pov rau ntawm lub xub pwg nyom, dai ib ncig ntawm caj dab los yog hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kauj-toog npab thiab ob txhais ceg. Shiva muaj ob lub pob ntseg sib txawv. Txiv neej nyob rau hauv ib pob ntseg thiab poj niam nyob rau hauv lwm yam.
Qhov kev xaiv thib ob yog seev cev Shiva. Nritya-Murti (statuette) tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam ntawm caj npab, ua tub rog lossis kev thaj yeeb, tab sis yeej ib txwm muaj ib tug swb swb nyob rau hauv qab taw ntawm tus vaj tswv seev cev. Qhov no yog dab Apasmar-Purush, cim lub ntiaj teb illusory uas peb nyob.
Tus cwj pwm
Zoo li ntau lwm tus vajtswv ntawm Hindu pantheon, Shiva muaj ntau yam ntxwv. Taug kev hauv lub tebchaws no, koj yuav pom ntau yam duab ntawm deities. Yuav kom nkag siab zoo txog kab lis kev cai ntawm Is Nrias teb, nws tsim nyog nkag siab me ntsis ntawm nws cov cim.
Shiva muaj ntau yam riam phom - Ajagava (tshwj xeeb hneev), Bhindipala (javelin), Gada (wand), Khadga (ntaub), Khatvanga (club nrog pob txha taub hau), Khetaka (ntaub thaiv npog) thiab ntau lwm tus.
Tseem ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm tus cwj pwm yog trident ntawm tus vajtswv Shiva - Trishula. Nws symbolizes peb theem ntawm evolution, peb gunas, peb lub ntsej muag ntawm lub sij hawm thiab lwm yam tswv yim.
Muaj ntau yam khoom siv. Chillum (cov yeeb nkab tshwj xeeb haus luam yeeb), Shankha (plhaub), Mudra (txoj hauj lwm tes), Kaumudi (jug ntawm immortality nectar), Kapala (pob txha taub hau lub tais), Damaru (nruas, cim thawj vibration ntawm lub ntiaj teb los ntawm txhua yam keeb kwm), Akshamala (tshwj xeeb rosary).
Kuj ShivaMuaj ntau lub zog muaj xws li: Agni (hluav taws), Ganga (dej saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, uas nws pacified) thiab Shakti (lub hwj chim). Thiab qee yam tsiaj: Naga (nug), ntxhw thiab tsov tawv nqaij, Nandin (dawb bull), Krishnamriga (doe) thiab Ankusha (ntxhw goad).
Yog li ntawd, peb pom tias Shiva muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kev txawj ntse, uas yog tsim los tsa ib tug neeg los ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb mus rau qhov siab tshaj.
Ntxhais hmoob
Tus vajtswv Indian Shiva Ameslikas tau sib yuav Sati, lossis Shakti, tus ntxhais ntawm Daksha. Tab sis muaj ib zaj dab neeg hais tias tus hluas nkauj tau tua tus kheej vim kev chim siab tawm tsam nws txiv.
Tab sis tom qab ntawd nws rov los nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab incarnation. Tam sim no nws lub npe yog Parvati (highlander) thiab nws txiv yog lub roob Himalaya. Nws yog nws uas feem ntau tau piav qhia ua tus poj niam ntawm tus vajtswv Shiva.
Lawv muaj ob tug tub - Ganesha (tus ntxhw taub hau vaj tswv ntawm kev txawj ntse) thiab Skanda (tus vajtswv ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, uas muaj rau lub taub hau thiab kaum ob txhais caj npab), nrog rau ib tug ntxhais, Manasi.
Npes
Nyob rau sab hnub poob kev lig kev cai, Indian vajtswv Shiva tsuas yog paub los ntawm lub npe no. Txawm li cas los xij, Hindus paub ntau tshaj li ib txhiab lo lus uas yog epithets ntawm Vajtswv.
Nrog lawv yog "Tam sim no" thiab "zoo nkauj", "Majestic" thiab "Ragged", "Lingam King", "Death Conqueror", "Tus Tswv ntawm Creatures" thiab ntau lwm tus.
Tseem ceeb thiab nto npe 108 ntawm lawv. Lawv tau hais nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev thov Vajtswv thiab yog tsim los ntxuav cov kev xav ntawm tus neeg thov, thiab pab txhawb rau nws kev tsa nto.
Functions, rituals, holidays
Tus Tswv Shiva yog tus vajtswv tshaj plaws hauv Shaivism. Nws yog revered li trinityevolution ntawm lub ntiaj teb - yug, loj hlob thiab tuag. Nws tseem ntseeg tias nws yuav rhuav tshem lub ntiaj teb tam sim no thaum kawg ntawm mahayuga thiaj li tsim tau ib qho tshiab rau nws qhov chaw.
Nws patronizes kho, muab mantra Om thiab Sanskrit rau tib neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, Shiva yeej ib txwm nrog cov dab thiab dab.
Ob lub ntsiab rituals txuam nrog tus vajtswv no hu ua Panchabrahma Mantra thiab Rudra Sukta. Lawv tau tuav rau hnub so tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo uas tau mob siab rau Shiva. Mahashivaratri ua kev zoo siab thaum lub Ob Hlis kawg thiab txhais tau tias hmo ua tshoob ntawm Shiva thiab Parvati.
lub tuam tsev nto moo tshaj plaws
Nyob hauv lub nroog Baidzhnath, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum peb, tau tsim ib lub tuam tsev ntawm tus vajtswv Shiva. Nws raug hu los ntawm ib lub npe - Vaidyanath (patron Saint of healers).
Muaj ib zaug muaj ib lub tsev teev hawm Tswv Ntuj nyob hauv qhov chaw no, tab sis cov tub lag luam hauv zos txiav txim siab ua kom lawv lub npe txuas ntxiv los ntawm kev txhim kho lub tsev zoo nkauj. Cov tub lag luam npe yog Ahuk thiab Manyuk.
Hnub no lub tuam tsev no yog qhov chaw ncig xyuas lub nroog. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev cai zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Nagar (North Indian tsev kawm ntawv ntawm architecture). Lub tsev nyob ib puag ncig ntawm phab ntsa thiab muaj ob qhov nkag.
Feem ntau, ntau tus vajtswv Shiva nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev tsuas yog piav raws li lub lingam. Ntxiv mus, nws yog suav hais tias yog svayambhu ("self-arisen"). Nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev muaj bas-reliefs ntawm ntau deities, dab thiab lwm yam cim ntawm lub Hindu pantheon.
Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm qhov nkag yog ib tug pej thuam ntawm Nandi, tus nyuj dawb. Cov tsiaj no yog ib qho ntawm Shiva cov tsheb uas siv ntau tshaj plaws. Nws symbolizes dawb huv dharma, raws li zoo raws li lub siab dawb paug, devotion thiabua siab loj.
Hnub Vaidyanath Tuam Tsev nyiam ntau lab tus neeg taug kev thiab cov neeg ncig tebchaws.
Symbol ntawm Vajtswv
Peb twb tau hais lo lus "lingam" ntau zaus. Nws yog nrog nws tias Shiva koom nrog. Vajtswv feem ntau tsuas yog xa mus los ntawm lub tswvyim no. Dab tsi yog?
Lingam hauv Sanskrit txhais tau tias "kos npe, cim". Qhov no yog cov duab puab cylindrical nrog ib puag ncig, tsis tshua muaj hemispherical sab saum toj. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb nyiam pom nws ua lub cim ntawm ib qho phallus erect. Cov Hindus thaum ub suav hais tias lub lingam yog ib qho kev paub daws teeb meem ntawm Vajtswv.
Ntau zaus nws yog piav tsis yog nws tus kheej, tab sis ua ke nrog lub voj voog lossis square, uas sawv cev rau "yoni" (qhov chaw mos, plab). Niaj hnub no, ob yam khoom no tau suav hais tias yog qhov qub tshaj plaws hais txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm txiv neej thiab poj niam txoj hauv kev. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Hinduism yog txiv neej nyob mus ib txhis thiab zoo li qub, thaum poj niam yog ib ntus, hloov tau thiab khoom siv.
Qee cov kws tshawb fawb pom nyob rau hauv lub lingam ib tug qauv ntawm ib tug stambha, ib tug tshwj xeeb sacrificial ncej. nyuj raug khi rau nws, uas tab tom npaj tua.
Muaj ib txoj kev cai tshwj xeeb uas suav nrog kev ntxuav lub lingam, nyeem mantras thiab muab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, paj, xyab thiab lwm yam khoom tso cai.
Kev sib yuav ntawm Shiva thiab Parvati
Muaj ib zaj dab neeg uas thawj tus poj niam ntawm tus vajtswv Shiva Shakti tuag. Qhov no yog vim nws txiv tsis lees paub.
Zaj dab neeg hais li nram no. Muaj ib hnub ob tug Tswv Ntuj rov los ntawm ib lub tsev teev ntuj. Shiva nyob rau hauv hav zoov hneev rau ib tug commoner. Nws tus poj niam xav tsis thoob los ntawm nws tus cwj pwm. Ces Vajtswv thiaj piav hais tias qhov no yog kev yug dua tshiab ntawm Vishnu. Shakti, mus xyuas qhov no, siv daim ntawv ntawm Sita, tus poj niam ntawm no commoner, thiab mus rau nws. Rama lees paub nws ua tus vajtswv poj niam.
Pom tus duab tshiab ntawm Shakti, Shiva tsis pom nws ua poj niam, raws li nws nco txog nws niam. Tus ntxhais no tu siab thiab tsis sib haum.
Tsuas yog lub sijhawm no, Shakti txiv pib ua koob tsheej, tab sis tsis caw cov hluas vim tsis pom zoo nrog Shiva. Tus ntxhais txiav txim siab mus rau nws tus kheej. Tab sis Daksha tig tawm ntawm nws. Hauv kev tu siab, Shakti muab nws tus kheej pov rau hauv qhov hluav taws thiab tuag.
Kev chim siab Shiva coj nws lub cev thiab pib ua nws seev cev kev puas tsuaj. Yog Vishnu tsis txwv nws, nws yuav rhuav tshem lub qab ntuj khwb.
Tom qab kev quaj ntsuag, tus vaj tswv tau los ua ib tug neeg nyob hauv lub Himalayas, thiab Shakti tau yug los ua Parvati, tus ntxhais ntawm tus vajtswv ntawm lub roob. Thaum kawg, tus ntxhais tswj kom yaum Shiva, thiab lawv tau sib yuav.
Hauv Hinduism, hnub so no hu ua Mahashivaratri thiab ua kev zoo siab txhua xyoo.
Raws li koj tau pom lawm, tus neeg peb tab tom tham hauv tsab xov xwm no muaj ntau lub npe. Ntawm lawv muaj tus vajtswv ntawm Vajtswv, Mahadev, Shiva. Thawj ob raug xaiv nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2011 raws li lub npe ntawm ib tug TV series. Nws cov yeeb yaj kiab tau ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv Is Nrias teb txog niaj hnub no.
Zaj dab neeg ntawm ntu yog ua raws li dab neeg, dab neeg thiab zaj dab neeg los ntawm Upanishads. Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb yog coj los ntawm Puranas. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum sau tsab ntawv, cov hauj lwm ntawm Devdutt Pattanaik, ib tug naas ej Indian mythologist thiab cov kws tshawb fawb kev ntseeg, tau siv.
Cov koob tau muab txhais ua ntau hom lus Indian yav qab teb. Niaj hnub no, ntau tshaj li ib puas thiab tsib caug ntu twb tau ua yeeb yaj kiab. Suab paj nruag rau lawvsau los ntawm Bavra cov kwv tij.
"Devon ke Dev…Mahadev" kuj paub nyob rau hauv Russia. Cov kiv cua ntawm Indian kab lis kev cai tuaj yeem txaus siab rau cov yeeb yaj kiab nrog sub titles.
Yog li no, hnub no peb tau ntsib nrog ib tug ntawm cov qub deities nyob rau hauv keeb kwm. Kawm cov cwj pwm, npe thiab lwm yam ntsiab lus nthuav dav txog Shiva.
Nyob zoo, phooj ywg! Mus ncig ntau zaus!
