Qhov no yog dab tsi - ib qho kev sim quasi?

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Qhov no yog dab tsi - ib qho kev sim quasi?
Qhov no yog dab tsi - ib qho kev sim quasi?

Video: Qhov no yog dab tsi - ib qho kev sim quasi?

Video: Qhov no yog dab tsi - ib qho kev sim quasi?
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Ib qho kev sim yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb uas ib qho tshwm sim raug tshuaj xyuas nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tswj los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb. Lo lus no yog dav paub, raws li nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev tshawb fawb (tsuas yog nyob rau hauv natural sciences). Txawm li cas los xij, lo lus "quasi-sim" tsis paub txhua leej txhua tus. Nws yog dab tsi thiab dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm hom kev sim no? Wb sim ua nws tawm hauv kab lus.

Leej twg yog tus sau lo lus?

Lo lus no tau nkag mus rau hauv kev tshawb fawb los ntawm D. Campbell, tus kws tshawb fawb Asmeskas, kws tshawb fawb thiab kws tshawb fawb. Nws thawj zaug siv nws nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv Models of Experiments in Social Psychology and Applied Research. Hauv nws, nws piav qhia txog cov teeb meem tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam nrog kev sau cov kev paub zoo thiab ntau yam, cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb (qhov no yog qhov uas nws siv lo lus "quasi-sim"), nrog rau qee qhov teeb meem siv hauv social sciences. Lub tswv yim tau qhia kom daws tau cov teeb meem ntsib los ntawm cov kws kho mob hlwb uas nrhiav kev kawm ntau yam teeb meem tsis nyob hauvkev kuaj mob nruj, tab sis qhov tseeb.

Quasi-sim - yog dab tsi?

quasi-experiment yog
quasi-experiment yog

lo lus no feem ntau yog siv ob lub ntsiab lus. Hauv kev txiav txim siab dav dav, ib qho kev sim quasi-kev sim yog ib txoj hauv kev ntawm kev npaj kev kawm hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws uas suav nrog kev sau cov ntaub ntawv empirical, tab sis tsis yog tag nrho cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev kawm. Hauv kev nkag siab nqaim, qhov no yog ib qho kev sim uas yog tsom rau kev lees paub qee qhov kev xav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim muaj ntau yam xwm txheej, tus kws tshawb fawb tsis txaus tswj cov xwm txheej rau nws qhov kev siv. Tej zaum yog vim li cas qhov kev sim quasi qee zaum tsis suav tias yog kev tshawb fawb tag nrho, cov txiaj ntsig uas tuaj yeem ntseeg tau thiab ua haujlwm rau. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis ncaj ncees kiag li (txawm tias nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis lees paub tias qee qhov kev tshawb fawb siv cov qauv no tau ua los ntawm kev ntseeg tsis zoo).

sib txawv loj

Muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev sim thiab kev sim quasi-kev sim hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws (lub ntsiab lus feem ntau yog siv hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no). Feem ntau nws mus zoo li no: tus kws tshawb fawb tsis ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau cov tib neeg hauv kev kawm, raws li nws yuav tsum tau nqa tawm hauv qhov kev sim tiag tiag. Piv txwv li, yog tias tus kws kho kev puas siab puas ntsws xav kawm cov tswv yim rau kev nco cov paj huam hauv qib kindergarten, tom qab ntawd hauv qhov kev sim quasi-sim, nws yuav tsis faib cov me nyuam mus rau hauv pab pawg, tab sis yuav kawm tau tsim cov pab pawg hauv ib pab neeg uas kawm paj huam nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem no tseem hu ua txawv - kev sib xyaw ua ke kev sim. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj lwm lub npe - ex-post-facto sim,txij li cov ntaub ntawv raug sau thiab tshuaj xyuas tom qab muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim. Muaj ntau pab pawg neeg tuaj yeem kawm nyob rau hauv txoj kev no: cov neeg raug tsim txom los yog kev puas tsuaj, cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, cov menyuam saws lossis cov menyuam ntxaib sib cais - uas yog, cov pab pawg uas tsis tuaj yeem tsim tau.

quasi-sim nyob rau hauv psychology
quasi-sim nyob rau hauv psychology

Nyob hauv qhov kev sim, tus kws kho puas siab puas ntsws yuav faib cov me nyuam mus rau hauv pab pawg tshiab thiab yuav tswj hwm txoj kev kawm tag nrho. Yog li, nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, tus kws tshawb fawb yuav los xaus, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug quasi-sim nyob rau hauv psychology, muaj ib tug tej yam kev pheej hmoo tias cov kev tshwm sim yuav ntau superficial thiab, tejzaum nws, speculative, nyob ntawm seb lub psychologist txoj hauj lwm.

Peb hom tseem ceeb

Tsuas muaj peb yam ntawm kev sim qee yam:

  1. Cov ntaub ntawv thaum tus kws tshawb fawb tsis sib npaug ntawm pawg kawm.
  2. Tsis muaj pawg tswj hwm xav tau rau kev sim.
  3. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kev kawm yog qhov tiag, tsis yog tsim tawm.

Vim li cas lawv tuav?

sim thiab quasi-experiment hauv psychology
sim thiab quasi-experiment hauv psychology

Ib tug yuav tsum tsis txhob xav hais tias quasi-experiments yog ntau ntawm armchairs zaum uas tsis twv mus cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig kev muaj tiag. Qhov tseeb yog tias ntau qhov kev sim tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem tsim hauv chav kuaj mob, thiab tsuas yog muaj qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev tswj kom tiav. Raws li, cov kws tshawb fawb raug yuam kom ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw nrog cov xwm txheej tiag tiag, qhov uas muaj peev xwm tswj tau txo qis, thiab qee zaum txawm tias tsis tuaj yeem.

Ntxiv rau, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum ua qhov kev sim hu ua qhov muag tsis pom lossis qhov npog ntsej muag, uas feem ntau tuaj yeem sib npaug nrog kev sim quasi. Nws cov neeg koom yuav tsum tsis txhob paub tias lawv tab tom kawm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov nyhuv ntawm expecting tej yam tshwm sim los ntawm cov kev kawm disappears. Piv txwv li, yog tias muaj ob chav kawm, ib qho muaj cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv cov ntaub ntawv kawm tsis tu ncua thiab lwm chav kawm muaj qhov kev sim, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov me nyuam tsis paub txog qhov no, txwv tsis pub cov txiaj ntsig yuav txawv ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. quasi-sim. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, piv txwv li, cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tau thov rau qhov kev kawm tshiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyuaj.

quasi-experiment yog
quasi-experiment yog

Kuj, muaj kev vam khom uas tswj tsis tau. Piv txwv li, yog tias tus kws tshawb fawb tab tom txiav txim siab seb txoj cai tshiab tau cuam tshuam li cas rau lub neej ntawm ib lub neej, nws tsis zoo li nws yuav tswj tau qhov xwm txheej tag nrho.

General logic of the method

Feem ntau, qhov quasi-sim nyob rau hauv nws cov logic (thiab tshwj xeeb) tsis txawv ntawm qhov kev sim ib txwm. Ib yam li ntawd, cov theem, cov peev txheej tau qhia meej, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau txheeb xyuas. Yog li, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev sim quasi-kev sim yog tias tus kws tshawb fawb tsis tswj cov txheej txheem tag nrho, vim tias nws muaj peev xwm raug txwv.

lub ntsiab feature ntawm quasi-sim
lub ntsiab feature ntawm quasi-sim

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis txhais tau tias qhov no yog txoj hauv kev tsis zoo rau kev kawm ntau yam kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm tus neeg. Hauv txoj cai, txhua qhov kev sim tiag tiag uas tsis tau ua hauv chav kuaj, hauvtuaj yeem suav hais tias yog qhov kev sim quasi-kev sim mus rau qhov loj.

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