St. Basil's Cathedral (Cathedral ntawm Intercession ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv nyob rau hauv Moat) nyob rau hauv Moscow: piav qhia, keeb kwm, domes

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St. Basil's Cathedral (Cathedral ntawm Intercession ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv nyob rau hauv Moat) nyob rau hauv Moscow: piav qhia, keeb kwm, domes
St. Basil's Cathedral (Cathedral ntawm Intercession ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv nyob rau hauv Moat) nyob rau hauv Moscow: piav qhia, keeb kwm, domes

Video: St. Basil's Cathedral (Cathedral ntawm Intercession ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv nyob rau hauv Moat) nyob rau hauv Moscow: piav qhia, keeb kwm, domes

Video: St. Basil's Cathedral (Cathedral ntawm Intercession ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv nyob rau hauv Moat) nyob rau hauv Moscow: piav qhia, keeb kwm, domes
Video: Tu siab suav tsis txheeb Nkauj tawm tshiab 2019 - By paj nyiag vaj 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no, cov npe nrov tshaj plaws "mus ntsib daim npav" ntawm Russia yog Kremlin, Red Square thiab St. Basil's Cathedral hauv Moscow. Lub tom kawg kuj muaj lwm lub npe, qhov nrov tshaj plaws uas yog Intercession Cathedral ntawm lub Moat.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Red Square St. Basil's Cathedral
Red Square St. Basil's Cathedral

St. Basil's Cathedral ua kev zoo siab rau nws lub 450th hnub tseem ceeb thaum Lub Xya Hli 2, 2011. Lub tsev tshwj xeeb no tau tsim tsa ntawm Red Square. Amazing nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev zoo nkauj, lub tuam tsev yog ib tug complex ntawm pawg ntseeg koom ua ke los ntawm ib tug ntau lub hauv paus. Txawm tias cov neeg uas tsis paub dab tsi txog lub architecture ntawm Russia yuav tam sim ntawd paub lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Basil lub Blessed. Lub tsev teev ntuj muaj qhov tshwj xeeb - tag nrho nws cov yeeb yuj domes txawv ntawm ib leeg.

Nyob hauv lub ntsiab (Kev Tiv Thaiv) lub tsev teev ntuj muaj ib qho iconostasis, uas tau tsiv los ntawm kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv 1770 Kremlin lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Chernihiv wonderworkers. Nyob rau hauv qab daus ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Intercession ntawm leej niam ntawm Vajtswv yog cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws icons ntawm lub cathedral, feem ntau ancient uas yog lub icon ntawm St. Basil lub Blessed (XVI caug xyoo), pleev xim rau lub tuam tsev no. Muab tso rau ntawm noicons ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th: Peb poj niam ntawm lub cim thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus Dawb Huv tshaj plaws Theotokos. Thawj daim duab nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub façade ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj.

keeb kwm ntawm lub tuam tsev

Basil's Cathedral nyob rau hauv Moscow
Basil's Cathedral nyob rau hauv Moscow

St. Basil's Cathedral, keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim kho uas tau txais ntau cov dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg, tau tsim los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm thawj Tsar ntawm Russia, Ivan the Terrible. Nws tau mob siab rau qhov kev tshwm sim tseem ceeb, uas yog, kev yeej ntawm Kazan Khanate. Rau qhov kev khuv xim loj ntawm cov neeg sau keeb kwm, cov npe ntawm cov kws tsim vaj tsev uas tsim cov txuj ci tseem ceeb no tsis muaj sia nyob mus txog hnub no. Muaj ntau ntau yam hais txog leej twg ua hauj lwm rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub tuam tsev, tab sis nws tseem tsis tau ntseeg tau tias leej twg tsim St. Basil's Cathedral. Moscow yog lub nroog loj ntawm Russia, yog li tsar tau sau cov craftsmen zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub peev. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, tus kws kos duab tseem ceeb yog Postnik Yakovlev los ntawm Pskov, lub npe hu ua Barma. Lwm version kiag contradicts qhov no. Ntau tus ntseeg tias Barma thiab Postnik yog tus tswv sib txawv. Txawm tias ntau tsis meej pem tshwm sim raws li qhov thib peb version, uas hais tias St. Basil's Cathedral nyob rau hauv Moscow tau tsim raws li tus tsim ntawm ib tug Italian architect. Tab sis cov lus dab neeg uas nrov tshaj plaws txog lub tuam tsev no yog ib qho uas qhia txog qhov muag tsis pom ntawm cov kws tsim vaj tsev uas tsim cov txuj ci no kom lawv tsis tuaj yeem rov tsim dua.

Nyob hauv lub npe

Basil's Cathedral (keeb kwm)
Basil's Cathedral (keeb kwm)

Nws zoo kawg nkaus, tab sis txawm hais tias lub tsev teev ntuj tseem ceeb ntawm lub tuam tsev no tau mob siab rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv tshaj plaws, nws tau paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb xws li St. Basil's Cathedral. Hauv Moscowyeej ib txwm muaj ntau tus neeg ruam dawb huv (foom koob hmoov rau "Vajtswv cov neeg"), tab sis lub npe ntawm ib tug ntawm lawv yog nyob mus ib txhis imprinted nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Russia. Mad Vasily nyob ntawm txoj kev thiab txawm tias lub caij ntuj no nws mus ib nrab liab qab. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws tag nrho lub cev tau entwined nrog chains, uas yog hlau chains nrog loj crosses. Tus txiv neej no tau hwm heev nyob rau hauv Moscow. Txawm tus vajntxwv nws tus kheej tau kho nws nrog kev hwm tsis zoo. Basil the Blessed tau hwm los ntawm cov neeg hauv nroog ua ib tus neeg ua haujlwm txuj ci tseem ceeb. Nws tuag nyob rau hauv 1552, thiab nyob rau hauv 1588 ib lub tsev teev ntuj raug tsa saum nws lub ntxa. Nws yog lub tsev no uas tau muab lub npe nrov rau lub tuam tsev no.

St. Basil's Cathedral (piav qhia)

Xyaum txhua tus neeg uas tuaj xyuas Moscow paub tias lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm Russia yog Red Square. St. Basil's Cathedral occupies ib qhov chaw muaj koob muaj npe tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tsev thiab monuments nyob rau ntawm nws. Lub tuam tsev yog crowned nrog 10 zoo kawg nkaus domes. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntsiab (lub ntsiab) lub tsev teev ntuj, hu ua Intercession ntawm tus nkauj xwb, 8 lwm tus nyob symmetrically. Lawv tsim nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm lub hnub qub yim-taw tes. Tag nrho cov tsev teev ntuj no cim cov hnub caiv kev cai dab qhuas uas poob rau hnub ntawm kev ntes ntawm Kazan Khanate.

Domes of St. Basil's Cathedral thiab lub tswb pej thuam

Yim pawg ntseeg 8 domes domes. Lub tsev loj (central) ua tiav nrog lub "tsev pheeb suab", saum toj no uas nce me me "cupola". Lub kaum dome tau ua rau saum lub tsev teev ntuj tswb. Nws yog ib qho amazing tias tag nrho cov domes ntawm lub tuam tsev yog txawv kiag li nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev ntxhib los mos thiab xim.

Basil's Cathedral (kev piav qhia)
Basil's Cathedral (kev piav qhia)

Modern tswb pej thuamLub tuam tsev tau tsim tsa rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub qub belfry, uas tau poob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1680. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub tswb pej thuam muaj ib tug siab loj quadrangle, uas yog tsim ib octagon. Nws muaj thaj chaw qhib, fenced nrog 8 tus ncej. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog interconnected los ntawm arched spans. Sab saum toj ntawm qhov chaw yog crowned nrog lub siab octagonal tsev pheebsuab, cov npoo ntawm uas yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov vuas ntawm cov xim sib txawv (dawb, xiav, daj, xim av). Nws cov npoo yog them nrog ntsuab daim duab vuas. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab yog lub dome dome crowned nrog tus ntoo khaub lig octagonal. Nyob rau hauv lub site, tswb dai rau ntawm ntoo beam, uas tau muab rov qab rau hauv lub 17th-19 centuries.

Architectural nta

Basil's Cathedral (Moscow)
Basil's Cathedral (Moscow)

Cuaj lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Basil's Cathedral yog sib cuam tshuam los ntawm ib qho chaw hauv paus thiab hla lub qhov rooj. Nws peculiarity yog bizarre painting, lub ntsiab motive ntawm uas yog floral ornaments. Lub cim style ntawm lub tuam tsev sib txuas cov kev cai ntawm European thiab Lavxias teb sab architecture ntawm lub Renaissance. Arched qhib kuj yog ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Qhov siab ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj (raws li lub siab tshaj dome) yog 65 m.

Lwm yam ntawm lub tuam tsev yog tias nws tsis muaj qab nthab. Nws muaj cov phab ntsa hauv qab daus uas muaj zog heev (nce txog qhov tuab ntawm 3 m). Qhov siab ntawm txhua chav yogkwv yees li 6.5 m. Kev tsim kho tag nrho ntawm sab qaum teb ntawm lub tuam tsev yog qhov tshwj xeeb, txij li lub thawv ntev ntawm lub qab daus tsis muaj cov ncej txhawb nqa. Cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev yog "txiav" los ntawm qhov hu ua "vents", uas yog qhov qhib nqaim. Lawv muab ib qho tshwj xeeb microclimate hauv pawg ntseeg. Tau ntau xyoo, qhov chaw hauv qab daus tsis muaj rau parishioners. Cov chaw nkaum tau siv los ua chaw khaws cia thiab raug kaw nrog lub qhov rooj, lub xub ntiag ntawm qhov tam sim no tsuas yog pov thawj los ntawm cov hinges khaws cia rau ntawm phab ntsa. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub XVI xyoo pua. lawv khaws lub txhab txhab nyiaj.

Kev hloov pauv hloov zuj zus ntawm Cathedral

Domes ntawm Saint Basil's Cathedral
Domes ntawm Saint Basil's Cathedral

Tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm XVI xyoo pua. daim duab domes tau tshwm sim saum lub tuam tsev, uas hloov lub qab nthab qub, uas tau kub hnyiab hauv lwm qhov hluav taws kub. Qhov no Orthodox Cathedral mus txog rau thaum lub XVII caug xyoo. Nws yog hu ua Trinity, txij li thawj thawj lub tsev teev ntuj ntoo uas nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw no tau tsim nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Trinity. Thaum xub thawj, lub tsev no muaj qhov zoo nkauj dua thiab txwv tsis pub, vim nws tau ua los ntawm pob zeb thiab cib. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th tag nrho cov domes tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov vuas luaj ceramic. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tsev asymmetrical tau ntxiv rau hauv lub tuam tsev. Tom qab ntawd cov tsev pheeb suab tau tshwm sim hla lub porches thiab intricate paintings ntawm phab ntsa thiab qab nthab. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, elegant paintings tshwm nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa thiab qab nthab. Nyob rau hauv 1931, ib tug monument rau Minin thiab Pozharsky tau tsa nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tuam tsev. Niaj hnub no, St. Basil's Cathedral yog koom ua ke los ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj thiab keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Moscow. Lub tsev no yog ib qho cuab yeej cuab tamRussia. Qhov kev zoo nkauj thiab qhov txawv ntawm lub tuam tsev no tau txais txiaj ntsig thoob plaws ntiaj teb. St. Basil's Cathedral nyob rau hauv Moscow yog cais raws li UNESCO ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam Site.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Kev Sib Tham Cathedral hauv USSR

Basil's Cathedral
Basil's Cathedral

Txawm tias muaj kev tsim txom los ntawm Soviet cov tub ceev xwm tawm tsam kev ntseeg thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm ntau lub tsev teev ntuj, St. Basil's Cathedral hauv Moscow hauv xyoo 1918 tau raug coj mus rau hauv lub xeev kev tiv thaiv raws li kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub ntiaj teb tseem ceeb. Nws yog lub sijhawm no tias tag nrho cov kev siv zog ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tau tsom los tsim ib lub tsev cia puav pheej hauv nws. Archpriest John Kuznetsov tau los ua thawj tus neeg saib xyuas lub tuam tsev. Nws yog nws uas yuav luag ntawm nws tus kheej tau saib xyuas kev kho lub tsev, txawm hais tias nws tus mob tsuas yog txaus ntshai. Nyob rau hauv 1923, keeb kwm thiab Architectural Tsev khaws puav pheej "Pokrovsky Cathedral" nyob rau hauv lub Cathedral. Twb tau nyob rau hauv 1928 nws tau los ua ib tug ceg ntawm lub Xeev Keeb Kwm Tsev khaws puav pheej. Xyoo 1929, tag nrho cov tswb raug tshem tawm, thiab kev teev ntuj raug txwv. Txawm hais tias lub tuam tsev tau rov qab los tas li yuav luag ib puas xyoo, nws qhov kev nthuav tawm tsuas yog raug kaw ib zaug xwb - thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj.

Intercession Cathedral xyoo 1991-2014

Tom qab kev vau ntawm lub tebchaws Soviet, St. Basil's Cathedral raug xa mus rau kev sib koom siv ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj thiab lub Xeev Historical Tsev khaws puav pheej. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 15, 1997, kev ua koob tsheej thiab hnub Sunday tau rov pib dua hauv lub tuam tsev. Txij li thaum xyoo 2011, yav dhau los qhov kev nkag tsis tau tau qhib rau kev mus xyuas, uas tau teem caij tshiab.

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