Hanafi madhhab: founder, creed, sources of law

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Hanafi madhhab: founder, creed, sources of law
Hanafi madhhab: founder, creed, sources of law

Video: Hanafi madhhab: founder, creed, sources of law

Video: Hanafi madhhab: founder, creed, sources of law
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Anonim

Madhab hauv Islam hu ua lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Sharia txoj cai. Nyob rau hauv thawj ib puas xyoo tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm no tam sim no heev kev ntseeg, ntau revered theologians tshwm sim uas tau koom nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm tus Yaj Saub Muhammad thiab nws cov thwj tim. Raws li lawv tej hauj lwm, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv rau lub tswv yim daim ntawv thov ntawm lub Kaulees thiab lub Sunnah tom qab tsim. Tau kawg, tsis yog txhua tus ntawm lawv tau muaj sia nyob rau peb lub sijhawm.

Tam sim no muaj plaub lub ntsiab madhhabs hauv ntiaj teb Muslim. Adherents ntawm Islam ntseeg hais tias cov lus qhia no yog qhov tseeb Sunnah thiab qhov tseeb projection ntawm lub Kaulees ntawm niaj hnub niaj hnub xyaum. Tib lub sijhawm, Hanafi madhhab yog qhov dav tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Feem coob ntawm cov neeg Muslim yog cov ua raws li cov lus qhia no.

Founder

Qhov no feem ntau madhhab hauv Islam yog lub npe tom qab Azam Abu Hanifa. Nws yog qhov no ascetic thiab pious imam revered los ntawm Muslims thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no uas yog nws tus tsim. Azabm Abu Hanif yug hauv lub sijhawm ntawm Sahaba hauv Kufa. Lub nroog no nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev kawm, kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev ntseeg ntawm Caliphate. Imam tsev neeg yog keeb kwm los ntawm Iran thiab tau koom nrogsilk lag luam.

Hanafi madhhab
Hanafi madhhab

Txij thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntxov, Azam Abu Hanif tau pib nthuav tawm kev txaus siab rau ntau yam kev ntseeg thiab kev xav uas muaj nyob rau hauv Kufa. Loj hlob tuaj, nws tau txiav txim siab txav mus deb ntawm kev lag luam hauv cov ntaub lo lo ntxhuav thiab mob siab rau nws tus kheej rau kev tshawb fawb.

Studying fiqh

Thaum xub thawj, Azam Abu Hanif tau koom nrog ntau yam kev ntseeg thiab kev xav tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm Kharijites, Mutazilites thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm pab pawg. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau xav txog txoj cai Islamic (fiqh). Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws pib ua tib zoo kawm cov hadiths ntawm tus Yaj Saub Muhammad thiab cov verses (verses) ntawm lub Kaulees. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Azam Abu Hanif tau tsim tawm los txiav txim siab los ntawm cov vaj lug kub thiab ua kom cov ntawv sau raug cai, muab rau lawv tib lub sijhawm ua pov thawj kev tshawb fawb.

Tus kws tshawb fawb Muslim no tau kawm fiqh ntev heev - txog 28 xyoo. Nws cov kws cob qhia hauv kev cai lij choj Islamic nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv yog cov neeg ntseeg ntseeg Muslim xws li Amr ibn Jumakhi, Ibn Shihab az-Zuhri, Hisham ibn Urva, thiab lwm yam.

abu kev
abu kev

Hanafi madhhab: txawv ntawm lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv

Qhov ntau ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no hauv ntiaj teb Muslim feem ntau yog vim nws qhov yooj yim. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov nrov ntawm Hanafi madhhab tau yooj yim los ntawm kev kawm ntxaws txog cov teeb meem ntsig txog Sharia. Tam sim no, qhov no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev ntseeg thiab kev cai lij choj hauv ntiaj teb Muslim.

Ntxiv rau Abu Hanif nws tus kheej, cov tsim ntawm Hanafi madhhab raug suav tias yog nws cov thwjtim Muhammad ash-Shaibani thiab Abu Yusuf. Peb cov philosophers revered no-cov theologians tswj los tsim lub tsev kawm ntawv speculative tshaj plaws, ua raws li txoj kev tsis yog ntawm nruj kev cai dab qhuas, tab sis kuj ntawm purely rational xaus.

Kev ntseeg

Yog nej muab tag nrho phau ntawv ntawm Hanafi madhhab ua ke, ces yuav muaj ntau tshaj li peb lwm ua ke. Feem coob ntawm cov Muslims ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no tau txais yuav maturidism raws li cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm txoj kev ntseeg. Qhov kev xav ntawm Islamic txoj kev xav no tau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 13th thiab tau nthuav dav thaum lub sijhawm Ottoman txoj cai.

Qhov txawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm maturidism yog tias nws cov thwjtim hauv cov lus nug "Txog Kev Ua Vajtswv" raug tso cai tsis yog rau kev tshwm sim xwb, tab sis kuj ntawm lawv tus kheej lub siab, ntawm chav kawm, tsis mus rau qhov kawg. Hais txog kev ywj pheej, lub dogma ntawm Jabris yog ib feem lees paub hauv qhov no. Cov neeg tom kawg ntseeg tias txhua yam tib neeg tsis yog tsim los ntawm lawv, tab sis los ntawm Vajtswv. Txawm li cas los xij, tib lub sijhawm, tsis zoo li cov Jabrits uas tsis lees paub txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev xaiv ntawm ib tug neeg, adherents ntawm Hanfi madhhab paub qhov tseeb tias Allah coj mus rau lub neej tsuas yog dab tsi Ameslikas los ntawm tus neeg nws tus kheej. Tsuas yog hais tias, raws li kev ntseeg ntawm cov maturidites, tib neeg ua lawv tus kheej ua lawv tus kheej, tab sis tsuas yog nrog kev pab los ntawm Vajtswv lub hwj chim.

Hanafi madhhab books
Hanafi madhhab books

Main sources of law

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv xws li Hanafi madhhab tsuas yog tso siab rau Sunnah thiab Kaulees hauv lawv txoj kev ntseeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj raug cai ntawm Abu Hanifa yog raws li qhov chaw xws li:

  • Kiyas. Qhov ntawd yog kev txiav txim los ntawm kev sib piv. Cov txheej txheem zoo li noyog siv nyob rau hauv Islam thaum nws yog tsim nyog los qhia meej nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj kev qhia ncaj qha nyob rau hauv Tshwm Sim yuav daws tau ib qho teeb meem. Hauv qhov no, ua tib zoo mloog cov lus piv txwv hauv Qur'an.
  • Ijama - kev sib sau ntawm kev xav ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb-kev ntseeg ntawm yav dhau los thiab tam sim no.
  • Orff - siv los ua kev sib cav ib txwm muaj kev xav thoob plaws hauv Islam thaum tsis muaj qhov qhia meej hauv Tshwm Sim.
  • Istihsan. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas qiyas tsis sib haum nrog ijama thiab orf. Yog tias qhov kev txiav txim los ntawm kev sib piv tsis tsim nyog, daim ntawv txiav txim raug cai yuav raug muab tawm nrog kev tsis lees paub cov lus sib cav qiyas.

Tsis tas li, kev pom meej ntawm ntau yam ntawm Sharia hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv no tuaj yeem ua raws li cov lus ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm tus Yaj Saub Muhammad.

Thov Vajtswv raws li Hanafi madhhab: tej yam kev mob

Thawj qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Sharia (tus ncej ntawm Islam) yog kev hais lus ntawm cov qauv ntawm monotheism thiab kev lees paub ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus Yaj Saub Muhammad, qhov thib ob yog kev thov Vajtswv. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev thov Vajtswv nyob rau hauv Islam tau tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm imitation ntawm lub postures thiab txav ntawm tus Yaj Saub Muhammad nws tus kheej. Txoj kev uas nws ua namaz tau nco txog nws cov thwj tim thiab thawj Muslims. Tom qab ntawd, lawv dhau txoj cai ntawm kev thov Vajtswv rau lwm cov ntseeg ntawm Islam.

thov Vajtswv raws li Hanafi madhhab
thov Vajtswv raws li Hanafi madhhab

Kev thov Vajtswv yog ua los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tsev kawm qub qub xws li Hanafi madhhab, raug rau rau yam xwm txheej:

  • ablution;
  • npog lub cev (rau txiv neej - ntawm lub xub pwg mus rau hauv caug, rau poj niam - txhua yam tshwj tsis yog lub ntsej muag,nres thiab txhuam);
  • thov kom Qibla (koj yuav tsum sawv ntsug ntawm Kaaba);
  • sijhawm thov Vajtswv;
  • lub hom phiaj thov Vajtswv tsis yog kev cai, tab sis rau lub hom phiaj ntawm Allah;
  • pib thov Vajtswv nrog cov lus "Allahu Akbar".

Qhov txawv ntawm kev thov Vajtswv ntawm lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv

Raws li cov lus qhia, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua lub ritual ntawm tig mus rau Vajtswv nyob rau hauv Islam tsib zaug ib hnub twg. Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, kev thov Vajtswv nws tus kheej tau ua ntau yam zoo ib yam li lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tab sis kuj muaj qee qhov sib txawv. Yog li, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv Hanafi nws yog txwv tsis pub muab cov kev thov Vajtswv uas yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau lub sij hawm sib txawv ntawm hnub, thaum los nag los yog ntawm txoj kev. Tsuas muaj qee qhov kev zam rau txoj cai no. Thaum lub sij hawm Hajj, Hanafi nyob rau qee kis tseem koom ua ke thov Vajtswv.

Sunnis ntawm Hanafi madhhab
Sunnis ntawm Hanafi madhhab

Txoj kev thov Vajtswv thaum sawv ntxov

Thawj tsib ntawm kev thov Vajtswv ntawm cov txiv neej adherents ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no yog ua thaum lub teeb txaus kom paub qhov txawv ntawm ib puag ncig. Qhov kev coj ua no tau txais ib zaug, pom meej nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib sau ntau tus neeg hauv lub tsev teev ntuj. Cov poj niam siv lawv cov lus thov thaum sawv ntxov feem ntau tsaus ntuj.

Madhab in Russia

Nyob hauv peb lub tebchaws, cov neeg Muslim feem ntau yog cov pab pawg Sunnis thoob plaws hauv Islam. Xws li, piv txwv li, yog Bashkirs, Tatars, Kabradins, Circassians thiab lwm tus neeg. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb tshawb fawb, Sunnis ntawm Hanafi madhhab tau tshwm sim hauv Russia yuav luag tam sim tom qab cov neeg ua pov thawj Islamic.

Hanafi thiab Shafi'i madhhabs
Hanafi thiab Shafi'i madhhabs

Dhau li ntawm Hanafis, tsuas muaj kev xyaum Shafiites hauv peb lub tebchaws. Yeej, cov no yog cov neeg los ntawm Caucasus uas nyob hauv Moscow, St. Petersburg thiab lwm lub nroog loj. Yog li, cov Hanafi thiab Shafi madhhabs yog tib lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Sharia txoj cai nyob rau hauv Russia.

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