Hanbali madhhab yog dab tsi? Leej twg yog nws tus tsim? Koj yuav pom cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no thiab lwm yam hauv kab lus. Madh-habs hu ua tsev kawm kev cai dab qhuas. Cov kev ntseeg Islamic tau nyob ib puag ncig rau ntau pua xyoo. Lub sijhawm no, muaj ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv tau tsim, qee qhov tsuas yog kev nom kev tswv thiab kev ntseeg, thaum lwm tus yog kev ntseeg. Hanbali madhhab yog dab tsi, peb yuav pom hauv qab no.
Meaning
Ntau tus neeg xav tias Hanbali madhhab yog dab tsi. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev xav nyob rau hauv Islam cuam tshuam qhov tshwm sim ntawm nto moo theologians. Raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov masters, cov tsev kawm ntawv muaj zog ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm Sacred Kaulees thiab Sunnah tau tshwm sim. Txhua yam hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv no muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog Sharia, daim ntawv ntawm kev sib raug zoo, kev pe hawm txhua hnub, kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev cai lij choj thiab lwm yam, tshwm sim raws li ijtihad ntawm tus tsim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no.
lo lus "madhhab" txhais tias "mus", "mus". Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev ntseeg, ib qho kev taw qhia raws li lwm tus neeg xav tau hu ua madhhab. Lo lus "kom ua raws li tus neeg no lub siab" txhais tau tias lees txais nws txoj kev xav hauv kev ntseeg thiab ua raws nws txoj kev.
Cov neeg tsim kev coj noj coj ua coj lub hadiths ntawm tus Yaj Saub Muhammad thiab Kaulees lub hauv paus. Muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm cov madhhabs meej vim yog cov hadiths. Qhov tseeb yog tias qee qhov hadiths tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag tus tsim, uas ua rau muaj kev txiav txim siab txawv ntawm lwm cov lus qhia. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev sib cav ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv.
Madhabs hauv Islam
Koj tsis paub tias Hanbali madhhab yog dab tsi? Feem ntau, niaj hnub no tsuas yog 4 madhhabs tau khaws cia ntawm Sunni Muslims: Maliki, Hanbali, Shafi'i thiab Hanafi. Lub Zahirite madhhab tau tam sim no xyaum ploj lawm. Cov Jafarite madhhab tau nthuav dav ntawm cov neeg Shiites.
Founder
Tus tsim ntawm Hanbali madhhab yog Imam Abu Abd Lah Ahmad bin Hanbal. Nws paub tias nws yug los hauv Baghdad thiab tuag hauv tib lub nroog (165/780 - 241/855). Muaj ntau cov lus qhia hauv nws lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas tso siab rau cov kev xav sib txawv ntawm Sahaba thiab Tabiyins, tsis ntseeg thiab tsis sib xws hauv fatwas ntawm Ibn Hanbal. Lawv tsis sib xws ntawm nws qhov kev tshawb pom.
Madhhab peb tab tom txiav txim siab muaj lub hauv paus theoretical thiab yeej tsis lees paub qhov kev kaw ntawm "qhov rooj ntawm ijtihad". Madh-hab tsis tau txais ntau qhov nrov. Hnub no nws yog lub tsev kawm ntawv tseem ceeb hauv Saudi Arabia.
Lub hauv paus ntawm Madhhab
keeb kwm ntawm Hanbali madhhab yog dab tsi? "Madhabulhanabil", raws li cov Arabs hu nws, siv nws lub hauv paus los ntawm tus tsim ntawm no madhhab, tus yawm faqih thiab muhaddis, Imam Ahmad ibn Muhammad. Nws yug los hauv lub nroog Baghdad (raws li tau hais los saum no) hauv lub hli Ribiul Awal 165 AH.
Ahmad tau mob siab rau nws lub neej kom tau txais kev txawj ntse. Txij li thaum yau, nws pib sau phau Kaulees, nkag siab txog cov lus zais ntawm Arabic. Thaum nws muaj 15 xyoos, nws tau txais kev kawm ntawm hadith. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 20 xyoo, Ahmad pib mus ncig thiab tau txais kev paub thoob plaws hauv lub xeev Islamic. Nws tau mus xyuas Mecca, Yemen, Kufa, Medina, Basra, Sham thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm Islamic science ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Nws cov kws cob qhia yog cov pov thawj nto moo xws li Ash-Shafi, Sufyan ibn Wayna, Vaki, ibn Mahdi thiab lwm tus. Ib yam li ntawd, kev paub tau raug coj los ntawm nws thiab dhau los ntawm cov tswv xws li Al-Bukhari, Yahya ibn Adam, Abu Daud thiab ntau lwm tus.
Nws tsis tau tso tseg kev kawm txog thaum nws los ua ib tug mujtahid, imam ntawm muhaddiths, imam ntawm madhhab thiab masters ntawm nws lub sij hawm. Imam Ash-Shafiee (tej zaum Allah yuav txaus siab rau nws) tau piav qhia nws raws li nram no: "Tawm hauv Baghdad, kuv tsis tau tawm mus rau qhov muaj kev paub ntau dua hauv fiqh, ntau ascetic, ntau tus Vajtswv-ntxhais thiab paub txog Ahmad ibn Hanbal."
Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawm Ahmad, Caliph Al-Mamun poob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev coj tsis ncaj sect. Nws pib nrov cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm kev tsim lub Kaulees. Tab sis tsis ntev nws dhau mus, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem ntsib Imam Ahmad.
Thaum lub luag haujlwm ntawm caliph raug coj los ntawm al-Mu'tasim, tus pov thawj Ahmad tau raug kev sim siab hnyav. Nws raug kaw rau 18 lub hlis vim nws tsis lees paub lub tswv yim tsimKaulees. Nws kuj raug flogged ntau zaus txog thaum nws poob nws lub cim xeeb, tab sis nws tseem tiv thaiv nws cov kev xav, vim nws paub tias cov Muslims yuav ua raws li nws txoj kev xav. Yog hais tias nws hais ib yam dab tsi uas cuam tshuam rau Sunnah thiab Kaulees, ces txhiab txhiab tus neeg yuav raug dag.
Nws raug tso tawm hauv tsev lojcuj hauv 220. Nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm Caliph Al-Wasykabi-Llah Ahmad, tsis muaj kev phem tshwm sim rau nws. Thiab thaum al-Mutawakkil tau txais lub luag haujlwm ntawm caliph, nws ib txwm sab laj nrog Imam Ahmad thiab hwm nws.
Imam Ahmad tuag rau hnub Friday 12th ntawm lub hli ntawm Rabi ul-Awwal 241 AH. Qhov twg yog tus tsim ntawm Hanbali madhhab faus? Nws lub ntxa nyob hauv Baghdad (Iraq, Abbasid caliphate). Thov kom Allah muab nqi zog rau nws nrog kev zoo los ntawm Islam thiab tag nrho cov Muslims! Amen!
Ntse
Ntawm cov laj thawj rau qhov me - piv nrog lwm cov madhhabs - cov neeg ua raws li tau hais hauv qab no:
- Hanbali madhhab - fiqh sau tom qab tsim peb lub npe madhhabs.
- Ntawm cov Hanbalis, yuav luag tsis muaj cov kws txiav txim plaub ntug Sharia uas yuav nyiam lawv cov madhhab. Tsis tas li ntawd, Hanbali fiqh tsis muaj tus kav uas yuav nrov nws.
- Hanbalis ib txwm tau paub txog lawv qhov kev ruaj khov thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab.
- Cov kws tshawb fawb uas kawm tiav fiqh feem ntau qhia kev ua siab mos siab muag thiab tsis qhuas lawv cov madhhab. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv lub hom phiaj tsis yog ua raws li Madhab, tab sis qhov tseeb.
Thaum lub sijhawm tsim thiab txhim kho, Hanbali madhhab tau nrov hauv Iraq, Sham thiab Egypt, tab sis dhau sijhawm nws yuav luag ploj mus.
Thov
Yog li, koj twb paub lawm tias Hanbali madhhab yog dab tsi. Namaz hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv canonical no muaj qee yam nta. Piv txwv li, cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias Hanbalis tso lawv tes li no:
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias ntawm Ulama ntawm Hanbali madhhab muaj cov kev xav sib txawv txog txoj hauj lwm ntawm tes thaum thov Vajtswv, uas Ibn Kudama tau kov rau hauv nws al-Kafi fi Fiqh al-Imam A'mad.
Scholars who spread the Madhhab
Dab tsi yog cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Hanbali madhhab nto moo rau? Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Hazm thiab lwm tus tswv tau ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv kev txhim kho lub tsev kawm ntawv no. Imam Ahmad tau sau ntau yam haujlwm ntawm hadith. Qhov no yog, piv txwv li, phau ntawv nto moo "Musnad". Hmoov tsis zoo, tus imam tsis tau sau ib yam dab tsi ntawm fiqh, ib yam li nws tsis pub nws cov tub ntxhais kawm sau phau ntawv ntawm kev tshawb fawb no.
Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias imam tau mloog ntau rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm hadith, raws li tau hais los ntawm nws cov creation "Musnad". Nws xav kom nws cov thwj tim kuj hwm Asaram thiab hadith ntau tshaj fiqh.
Cov neeg koom nrog ntawm Imam Ahmad pib sau phau ntawv ntawm fiqh thiab nthuav tawm nws tus kheej madhhab tom qab nws tuag. Nws cov tub Salih thiab Abdullah, Ahmad ibn Khani, Ibrahim ibn Ishak, Harb ibn Ismail al-Karamaniy tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txawv ntawm lawv tus kheej hauv qhov no. Cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm Hanbali fiqh yog Umar ibn al-Husayn, Abdul-Aziz, Abu Bakr Ahmad.
Ib tug thawj uas tsim ib phau ntawv txog Hanbali fiqh, tom qab ntawd hu ua "MakhtasarulHirakiy," yog Abu al-Qasim Umar. Nws ua hauj lwm nyuaj ua kom tiav tag nrho cov tswv yim hais los ntawm Imam Ahmad. Nws txheeb xyuas cov neeg ncaj ncees tshaj plaws ntawm lawv thiab sau ib phau ntawv ntawm fiqh. Tom qab ntawd, ntau tus tswv tau txuas ntxiv nws txoj haujlwm.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nws tsis tuaj yeem sau tag nrho cov phau ntawv ntawm Hanbalis, vim muaj coob tus ntawm lawv.
