Antoniev Monastery, Novgorod: chaw nyob, qhov chaw dawb huv thiab cov cim, lub sijhawm ntawm cov kev pabcuam, cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm thiab cov neeg tuaj xyuas

2024 Tus sau: Miguel Ramacey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 06:20

Muaj ntau qhov chaw zoo nkauj hauv Novgorod. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog Anthony Monastery. Kev lig kev cai hais tias nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1106. Nws tus tsim yog Anthony Roman. Lub creation dab neeg yog fascinating thiab amazing. Hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, lub tsev teev ntuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws Novgorod monasteries.

Rise

Nws ntseeg tias Anthony yug hauv 1067. Nws nplua nuj txaus. Qhov chaw yug yog lub nroog Loos. Yog li ntawd lawv thiaj hu nws tias Loos. Tau mus txog hnub nyoog ntawm feem ntau, Anthony coj monastic vows. Nws muab tej kub thiab tej nyiaj uas ntim rau hauv ib lub thoob thiab muab pov rau hauv hiav txwv. Ntawm qhov piv txwv ntawm Anthony Roman, ib tug tuaj yeem pom meej tias muaj dab tsi tshwm sim rau tus ntsuj plig thaum lub ntiaj teb ntawm Vajtswv tau tshwm sim rau nws. Tsis muaj dab tsi tseem ceeb rau nws lawm - qhov tseem ceeb yog ua hauj lwm rau Leej Txiv Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej kom zoo rau nws cov neeg zej zog.

Neeg xyoo dhau los. Tus txiv plig txiav txim siab los so ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab thov Vajtswv rau tag nrho cov neeg Orthodox, nyob rau ntawm lub pob zeb ntawm lub hiav txwv thiab quaj rau Vajtswv. Tam sim ntawd muaj cua daj cua dub sawv thiab lub pob zeb uas nws tau sawv los uanqa mus rau hauv hiav txwv. Nws ua luam dej zoo li lub nkoj. Yog li ob hnub dhau mus. Thiab nim no nws tau ntxuav nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub nroog. Nws yog hnub ua kev zoo siab ntawm Nativity ntawm nkauj xwb.

Qhov ntawd yog qhov chaw uas St. Anthony Monastery tau tsim tsa. Novgorod tau dhau los ua ib qho chaw nkaum rau phau ntawv thov Vajtswv siab tawv. Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, cov neeg nuv ntses muaj hmoo txaus kom ntes tau ib lub thoob nrog Anthony txoj kev muaj nyiaj. Yog li ntawd, lub tsev teev ntuj pob zeb tau tsim nrog cov nyiaj no thiab thaj av rau lub tsev teev ntuj tau yuav. Kev lig kev cai hais tias nws yog lub Cuaj Hlis 8, 1106.

Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Antoniev (Novgorod) nyob rau sab xis ntawm tus dej. Volkhov nyob rau sab qaum teb kev taw qhia los ntawm lub nroog center. Phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th hais tias Npis Sov Nikita foom koob hmoov rau Anthony los tsim ib lub tsev teev ntuj. Kev paub ntawm sab ntsuj plig ua tim khawv txog qhov no.

tsis nkag siab

Tom qab Npis Sov Anthony tuag yuav tsum muaj kev sib cav nrog tus huab tais thiab tus tswv tshiab. Ntxiv mus, kev to taub yuam kev nrog Npis Sov John Popian tau nyob rau hauv ib qho kev iab siab heev. Qhov tshwm sim yog vim li cas hu ua, raws li nws tau, qhov kev sib txuas zais ntawm Anthony nrog Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Qhov tseeb yog tias Npis Sov John tsis raug pov tseg rau Kyiv. Tej zaum nws xav tau autocephaly rau nws pom. Ces Vsevolod kav.

Tsuas yog thaum lub tuam tsev tau coj los ntawm Nifont (1131), Anthony rov qab mus rau Anthony Monastery. Novgorod twb tau qhia txog kev muaj siab rau kev ywj pheej los ntawm Kyiv. Qhov tseeb nthuav yog tias Npis Sov Nikita thiab Npis Sov Nifont yog los ntawm Kiev Caves Monastery.

Txawm tias muaj ntau yam teeb meem,tswj los tsim ib lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm pob zeb thiab nqa tawm nws painting. Kyiv muab kev txhawb nqa hauv kev tsim kho. Txog rau hnub no, lub tsev teev ntuj Anthony uas muaj koob meej (Novgorod) sawv, txawm hais tias nws tau poob nws lub hom phiaj kev ntseeg, tab sis khaws nws txoj kev kawm.

History

Nyob rau hauv Novgorod Chronicle, xyoo 1117 yog cim raws li lub sijhawm tso lub hauv paus pob zeb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, thiab 1119 yog lub sijhawm ua tiav ntawm kev tsim kho. Lub tuam tsev tau pleev xim rau hauv 1125, thiab 1127 tau cim los ntawm kev tsim lub tsev teev ntuj refectory. Saint Anthony tuag mus rau lwm lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv 1147. Nws bequeathed los ua rector rau nws cov tub ntxhais kawm Andrei. Tsis ntev tom qab no, cov tub kawm ntawv ntawm cov txwj laus yog thawj tus piav txog lub neej ntawm tus xib fwb. Tab sis cov ntawv no, hmoov tsis, tseem tsis tau muaj sia nyob mus txog hnub no.

Hnub no Anthony Monastery (Veliky Novgorod) muaj kev kawm. Zoo li ntau lub tsev teev ntuj, lub tsev teev ntuj nyob ze ntawm tus dej Volkhov tau tso tseg nyob rau xyoo 1920. Hmoov zoo, tsis muaj ruins thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub complex ntawm keeb kwm vaj tse.

kev lom zem

Lub tsev qub tshaj plaws uas Antoniev Monastery (Veliky Novgorod) muaj yog tib lub tsev teev ntuj pob zeb, muaj npe nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm Nativity ntawm tus nkauj xwb (1119). Niaj hnub no muaj ib lub tsev cia puav pheej. Lub tsev teev ntuj feem ntau muaj concerts ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab lub tsev teev ntuj suab paj nruag.

Lub ntsiab attractions ntawm lub tuam tsev yog frescoes ntawm amazing kev zoo nkauj. Cov style ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab kev npaj ntawm cov duab txawv ntawm cov canons feem ntau tau txais thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Lub ntsej muag dawb huv yog qhov tseeb heev. Feem ntau, cov kws ua yeeb yam tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm qhov chaw nyob thiab lub neej ntawm lub nroog.

Tseem cawmNws uniqueness Anthony Monastery (Novgorod). Lub Cathedral ntawm Nativity ntawm nkauj xwb thiab lwm lub tsev ntawm lub monastery niaj hnub no pab rau kev kawm ntawv lub hom phiaj. Tsev kawm ntawv cov tsev nyob ntawd.

Art

Monumental paintings tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1125. Cov no yog frescoes ntawm lub xyoo pua XII, uas yog ua nyob rau hauv ib tug peculiar style. Lawv yog cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ntim ntawm xws li tej hauj lwm ntawm kos duab. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm Annunciation, nrog rau cov duab ntawm cov kws kho mob, ua rau muaj kev xav tshwj xeeb. Tag nrho cov duab uas adorn lub Cathedral ntawm lub Antoniev Monastery nyob rau hauv Novgorod yog loj thiab harmoniously haum rau lub architecture. Hais txog xim, cov hauj lwm yog ua nyob rau hauv cov xim qhib ntshiab, ua ke nrog ib leeg.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tab tom sib cav txog kev kos duab ntawm Cathedral ntawm Nativity ntawm Virgin. Qee tus pom nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Romanesque. Txawm hais tias muaj qhov kev xav zoo li no, feem ntau cov kws tshawb fawb tau ntaus nqi nws rau tus naj npawb ntawm monuments ntawm Byzantine kev lig kev cai, uas tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb style.

Hnub Nyoog Kawg

Los ntawm lub npe ntawm lub tuam tsev, koj nkag siab tias leej twg yog tus tsim ntawm Anthony Monastery hauv Novgorod. Keeb kwm ntawm lub monastery yog nplua nuj thiab, raws li txoj cai, ib yam ntawm cov Nrab Hnub nyoog. Nws yuav tsum muaj sia nyob ntawm hluav taws, rov tsim kho thiab puas tsuaj. Nyob rau hauv 1570, tag nrho cov hauj sam thiab abbot Gelasy tuag los ntawm ntaj ntawm oprichnina. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1611 cov Swedes ravaged nws.

Hnub no lub tsev teev ntuj complex suav nrog Nativity Cathedral nrog cov ntawv txuas ntxiv tom qab, lub tsev teev ntuj phab ntsa nrogncig teb chaws arches, Lub Txhab Nyiaj Txiag, Rector lub tsev (XVII-XIX centuries) thiab lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev nthuav qhia nrog ib tug refectory (XVI caug xyoo).

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa sawv daws.

Koj tuaj yeem pom tias Antoniev Monastery (Veliky Novgorod) zoo li cas hnub no los ntawm tus noog qhov muag pom hauv daim duab hauv qab no.

Ib lub tuam tsev ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tseem ua haujlwm. Qhov no yog lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev nthuav qhia ntawm tus Tswv - ib tug monument ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab architecture (thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th).

Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Sretenskaya Refectory yog ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm thawj lub tuam tsev uas tsis muaj lub tuam tsev nyob rau thaj av Novgorod. Nws muaj sia nyob mus txog hnub no. Lub tuam tsev yog ib leeg. Nws yog them nrog ib tug sloping dome, uas nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa thiab ib tug system ntawm tromps tshaj lub ces kaum ntawm lub plaub fab.

Lub tuam tsev twg nyob hauv lub tsev teev ntuj?

Raws li keebkwm, nyob rau nruab nrab xyoo 16th, lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Nws tau dismantled nyob rau hauv 1804, raws li ib tug tshwm sim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tsev kho mob tsev teev ntuj ntawm Alexander Nevsky raug rhuav tshem.

Lub Koom Txoos Kav Tos Liv txiav caj dab ntawm Yauhas tus neeg ua kev cai raus dej, uas nyob saum lub rooj vag yav qab teb, tsis dim txoj hmoo no. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1670. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub tuam tsev nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm Anthony tsuas yog nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem.

Qhov twg lub Koom Txoos Txiav Txim ntawm Yauhas Cov Neeg Ua Kev Cai Raus Dej tau siv los ua, tau tsa ib lub tswb pej thuam ntawm peb theem. Qhov no yog ib tug yam ntxwv monument ntawm classicism. Nyob rau xyoo 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, ob tiers saum lub tswb pej thuam tau demolished thiab dismantled rau hauv cib.

Kev pabcuam

Yog li, ntawm no koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov lus qhia ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab koom nrog pawg ntseegkhoom plig. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm Parkovaya thiab Studencheskaya txoj kev muaj niaj hnub Antoniev Monastery (Novgorod). Divine kev pabcuam raug tuav raws li lub sijhawm, uas tuaj yeem nrhiav tau los ntawm kev hu mus rau lub tuam tsev lossis saib nws lub vev xaib. Kev lees paub feem ntau pib hnub ua haujlwm thiab hnub Saturday thaum 8:30, thiab hnub Sunday thaum 9:00.

Kev tsim kho lub tsev teev ntuj tau tshwm sim thaum xyoo 1533 thiab 1535. Nws yog rebuilt nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19. Tom qab ntawd lub tuam tsev tau raug puas tsuaj thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj thiab tau rov qab los hauv 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua XX. Niaj hnub no nws yog ib tug tub ntxhais kawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Novgorod State University.

Seminary

Nws nyob ntawm no, hauv St. Anthony's Monastery, qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov npis sov ntawm Novgorod nyob. Qhov no yog nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm 1708 txog 1723. Tom qab ntawd, lub tuam tsev tau tsiv mus rau Alexander Nevsky Monastery. Thaum lub sij hawm nyob hauv lub neej, cov npis sov tau ua haujlwm tsim kho hauv lub tuam tsev. Lub tsev kho mob tau txhim tsa nrog lub tuam tsev ntawm Alexander Nevsky, Kelar chamber, cov nyiaj txiag thiab lwm lub hlwb, da dej thiab kvass.

Nyob rau xyoo 1740, Archbishop Ambrose, uas tau muab faus nws rau ntawm lub sam thiaj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, nrhiav tau Novgorod Theological Seminary ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Ntawm nws thawj cov kawm tiav hauv 1754 yog Tikhon Zadonsky. Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1788, cov xwm txheej ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tau raug txo mus rau plaub chav kawm. Qhov no txuas ntxiv mus txog 1800. Yuav luag tag nrho cov abbots ntawm lub monastery kuj rectors ntawm lub seminary. Xyoo 1918 lub tsev kawm ntawv raug kaw. Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1920, St. Anthony Monastery nws tus kheej raug tshem tawm.

Raws li cov neeg tuaj saib, tsim nyog tuaj ntawm no kom paubsights ntawm no keeb kwm kev cai dab qhuas thiab kab lis kev cai monument. Muaj ib yam dab tsi los pom ntawm no - tshwj xeeb yog pleev xim. Chaw nyob: Antoniev Monastery, Novgorod, Parkovaya st., 11B.

Yuav mus txog qhov twg? Los ntawm Novgorod Kremlin, koj tuaj yeem mus rau nws los ntawm tsheb npav 5. Mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb "Studencheskaya". Yog tias koj mus ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau lossis los ntawm chaw nres tsheb npav, koj yuav tsum caij npav 8A thiab mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb "Parkovaya txoj kev 7".

Iconostasis

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Novgorod tau khaws cia ntau yam khoom plig uas Antoniev Monastery (Novgorod) tau muab pov tseg. Ib lub cim yog ib daim duab pleev xim los ntawm txhais tes ntawm tus kws kos duab kom cov ntseeg tuaj yeem ua siab ntev thov Vajtswv rau tus qauv. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj ntau lub cim los ntawm Cathedral ntawm Nativity ntawm nkauj xwb. Hmoov tsis, nws tsis muaj peev xwm txuag tau qhov qub tshaj plaws, hais txog lub sijhawm pib ntawm kev tsim lub tsev teev ntuj. Tab sis lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm kev sau yog lub tsev teev ntuj iconostasis ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th.

feem ntau yuav, iconostasis tau tsim maj mam. Qhov zoo ntawm painting yog impressive. Nws khaws cia lub Novgorod style, ntxeev siab rau cov duab ntawm ib tug txawv txawv sonority, dynamism ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg, xim puv xim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev pleev xim ua tiav ua siab tawv, tsis muaj kev ntshai ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke. Lub iconostasis qhia tag nrho cov originality ntawm kos duab ntawm Novgorod nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub XVI caug xyoo.

Nyob hauv kab hauv zos muaj cov cim ntawm cov Thwj Tim Petus thiab Povlauj, Vajtswv Leej Niam “Zoo siab rau koj”, “Sophia the Wisdom of God”, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker nrog cov duab ntawm nws lub neej thiab lub tuam tsev duab “ChristmasNiam ntawm Vajtswv”, uas kuj piav txog lub neej.

Lub iconostasis kuj suav nrog peb kab:

• deesis (9 icons),
• festive (11 icons ciaj sia),
• yaj saub (12 lub cim).

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, lub iconostasis tau ntxiv nrog ib kab, uas yog hu ua cov yawg koob. Nws muaj 12 daim duab tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv 1716, ib tug tshiab, twb carved iconostasis tau ua tiav nrog rau thib rau kab, hu ua tus mob siab rau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub crucifix tshwm rau saum lub iconostasis.

Lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm lub tuam tsev feem ntau yog pleev xim rau hauv 1530-1540s. Nov yog lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm Metropolitan Macarius. Nws yog archbishop ntawm Novgorod (1526-1542) txawm ua ntej lub Moscow cathedra. Tus npis sov nws tus kheej yog ib tug neeg pleev kob icon thiab nquag pab rau kev loj hlob ntawm painting nyob rau hauv Novgorod.

Lub tuam tsev duab ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv khaws cov yam ntxwv rov qab mus rau cov kev cai ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Novgorod ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th nyob rau lub sijhawm lig. Lub cim tau ua kom zoo dua thiab ua raws cov ntawv, clarity, du contours, refined thiab zoo meej kab ntawm kev kos duab. Cov duab yog ua kom sib haum xeeb thiab hauv cov xim ci. Tag nrho cov no qhia txog qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj ntawm daim duab.

Kev sau ntawv me me tau dhau mus dhau ntawm tus kheej cov cim thiab cov duab duab hauv phau ntawv. Nws tau dhau los ua qhov tshwm sim loj. Yog li, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab painting, cov tsos ntawm ib tug dav stylistic kev taw qhia tau txiav txim.

Ntau qhov kev txiav txim tau ua tiav hauv Novgorod monastery rau kev kho dua tshiab ntawm lub nroog thiab cov tsev teev ntuj. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub iconostasis ntawm lub tuam tsev tseem ceeb ntawm Antoniev Monastery twb tiav lawm thaum Macarius tawm Novgorod rau Moscow, coj nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub nroog cathedra.