Tus Cawm Seej ntawm Ntshav hauv St. Petersburg (lub tuam tsev). Lub Koom Txoos ntawm tus Cawm Seej ntawm Ntshav

2024 Tus sau: Miguel Ramacey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 06:20

Tus Cawm Seej ntawm Ntshav hauv St. Petersburg yog ib lub tsev teev ntuj zoo nkauj tshaj plaws, muaj kev lom zem thiab muaj zog nyob hauv Russia. Tau ntau xyoo, thaum lub sij hawm lub Soviet era, nws tau consigned rau oblivion. Tam sim no, rov qab kho dua, nws nyiam ntau txhiab tus neeg tuaj xyuas nrog nws qhov kev zoo siab thiab muaj txiaj ntsig.

pib zaj dab neeg

Tus Cawm Seej ntawm Ntshav nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg tau ua nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm Emperor Alexander II. Rov qab rau xyoo 1881, cov xwm txheej ntxhov siab tau tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw uas lub tuam tsev tau tsim tom qab. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1, Tsar Alexander II tab tom mus rau Field of Mars, qhov chaw uas yuav muaj kev ua tub rog. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua phem ua phem tau ua los ntawm Narodnaya Volya I. I. Grinevitsky, huab tais tau raug mob tuag.

Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Alexander III, lub Koom Txoos ntawm tus Cawm Seej ntawm Ntshav tau raug tsa rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov xwm txheej, qhov uas yuav tsum muaj kev pabcuam tsis tu ncua rau cov neeg tua neeg. Thiab yog li ntawd lub npe ntawm tus Cawm Seej ntawm Ntshav tau raug muab rau lub tuam tsev, lub npe tseem ceeb yog lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Sawv Rov Los ntawm Khetos.

Kev txiav txim siab ua lub tuam tsev

Txhawm xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim kho lub tuam tsev tau tshaj tawmkev sib tw architectural. Cov kws ua vaj tsev zoo tshaj plaws tau koom nrog hauv nws. Tsuas yog nyob rau peb qhov kev sim (kev sib tw tau tshaj tawm ntau zaus) Alexander III tau xaiv qhov project uas zoo li nws tsim nyog tshaj plaws. Nws tus sau yog Alfred Parland thiab Archimandrite Ignatius.

Tus Cawm Seej-on-Blood nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg tau tsim los ntawm kev pub dawb los ntawm thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Kev koom tes tau ua tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm Russians, tab sis los ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm lwm lub teb chaws Slavic. Tom qab kev tsim kho, cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tswb pej thuam tau crowned nrog ntau lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm ntau lub xeev, nroog, lub nroog uas pub nyiaj khaws cia, txhua tus tau ua los ntawm mosaic. Ib tug gilded crown tau ntsia rau ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm lub tswb pej thuam raws li ib tug kos npe rau hais tias lub yim hli ntuj tsev neeg ua lub loj tshaj plaws pab rau kev tsim kho. Tus nqi tsim kho tag nrho yog 4.6 lab rubles.

Kev tsim kho ntawm Cathedral

Lub tuam tsev tau muab tso rau hauv 1883, thaum qhov kev tsim kho tseem tsis tau tiav. Nyob rau theem no, txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los ntxiv dag zog rau cov av kom nws yuav tsis yog yaig, vim hais tias cov kwj dej uas tau nyob ze, zoo li mus pw hauv lub hauv paus.

Kev tsim kho lub Cathedral ntawm tus Cawm Seej ntawm Ntshav nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg pib nyob rau hauv 1888. Grey granite tau siv los tig lub plinth, cov phab ntsa tau nteg tawm ntawm cov xim liab-xim av cib, cov pas nrig, qhov rais thav duab, cornices yog ua los ntawm Estonian marble. Lub plinth tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog nees nkaum granite boards, uas tau teev cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab qhov zoo ntawm Alexander II. Los ntawm 1894, lub ntsiab vaults ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj raug tsa; los ntawm 1897, cuaj domes tau ua tiav. Lojib co ntawm lawv tau npog nrog cov yeeb yuj ci enamel.

Tuam Tsev Kho Kom Zoo Nkauj

Cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tuam tsev, domes, cov yees tau them tag nrho nrog cov qauv zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, granite, marble, hniav nyiaj hniav kub enamel, mosaics. Dawb arches, arcades, kokoshniks saib tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm cov xim liab cib. Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm mosaic (sab hauv thiab sab nraud) yog li ntawm rau txhiab square meters. Mosaic masterpieces tau ua raws li cov duab kos duab ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam zoo Vasnetsov, Parland, Nesterov, Koshelev. Sab qaum teb ntawm lub façade nta lub Sawv Rov Los mosaic, thaum sab qab teb nta Tswv Yexus nyob rau hauv Glory vaj huam sib luag. Los ntawm sab hnub poob, lub façade yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab "Tus Cawm Seej Tsis Ua Los Ntawm Tes", thiab sab hnub tuaj tuaj yeem pom "Tus Cawm Seej Foom Koob"

Tus Cawm Seej ntawm Ntshav hauv St. Petersburg yog me ntsis stylized li Moscow lub St. Basil's Cathedral. Tab sis cov artistic thiab architectural tov nws tus kheej yog heev tshwj xeeb thiab thawj.

Raws li txoj kev npaj, lub tsev teev ntuj yog ib lub tsev quadrangular crowned nrog tsib domes loj thiab plaub me me domes. Sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb facades yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog pediments-kokoshniks, sab hnub tuaj - peb rounded asps nrog golden domes. Los ntawm sab hnub poob muaj ib tug tswb pej thuam nrog ib tug zoo nkauj gilded dome.

Kev zoo nkauj ntawm hauv

Qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm lub tuam tsev yog ib feem ntawm Catherine tus kwj dej. Nws muaj xws li paving slabs, cobblestone pavement, ib feem ntawm lub lattice. Qhov chaw uas huab tais tuag tau txiav txim siab kom tsis txhob kov. Txhawm rau ua raws li txoj kev npaj no, cov duab ntawm lub embankment tau hloov pauv, thiab lub hauv paus ntawm lub tuam tsev tau hloov lub kwj dej txaj los ntawm 8.5.meters.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb hauv St. Petersburg tuaj yeem raug hu ua lub Koom Txoos ntawm tus Cawm Seej ntawm Ntshav. Cov duab yog pov thawj ntawm qhov no. Nyob rau hauv lub tswb pej thuam, raws nraim ntawm qhov chaw uas muaj xwm txheej tragic tshwm sim, muaj ib tug "Crucifixion nrog rau yav tom ntej sawv daws yuav". Tus ntoo khaub lig tshwj xeeb yog ua los ntawm granite thiab marble. Icons ntawm cov ntseeg raug muab tso rau ntawm ob sab.

Kev tsim sab hauv - kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tuam tsev - yog qhov tseem ceeb heev thiab zoo tshaj rau sab nraud. Cov mosaics ntawm tus Cawm Seej yog qhov tshwj xeeb, tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog ua raws li sketches ntawm eminent masters ntawm txhuam: Kharlamov, Belyaev, Koshelev, Ryabushkin, Novoskoltsev thiab lwm yam.

keeb kwm yav dhau

Lub tsev teev ntuj tau qhib thiab muab fij rau xyoo 1908. Nws tsis yog ib lub tuam tsev xwb, nws tsuas yog lub tuam tsev-tsev cia puav pheej, ib lub monument rau Emperor Alexander II. Xyoo 1923, lub Koom Txoos ntawm Tus Cawm Seej ntawm Ntshav tau txais txoj cai ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, tab sis los ntawm txoj hmoo los yog vim muaj kev hloov pauv keeb kwm tsis zoo hauv xyoo 1930, lub tuam tsev raug kaw. Lub tsev tau raug xa mus rau Lub Koom Haum ntawm Cov Neeg raug kaw hauv tebchaws. Tau ntau xyoo, nyob rau hauv Soviet txoj cai, txiav txim siab los rhuav tshem lub tuam tsev. Tej zaum kev tsov rog tiv thaiv qhov no. Lwm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tau teeb tsa ua ntej cov thawj coj thaum lub sijhawm ntawd.

Thaum lub sijhawm txaus ntshai Leningrad thaiv, lub tsev teev ntuj tau siv los ua lub nroog morgue. Tom qab kawg ntawm kev tsov rog, Maly Opera House teeb tsa lub tsev khaws khoom rau scenery ntawm no.

Tom qab hloov lub hwj chim hauv tsoomfwv Soviet, lub tuam tsev thaum kawg tau lees paub tias yog ib lub cim keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv 1968, nws poob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub Xeev Inspectorate, thiab nyob rau hauv 1970 lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Sawv Rov Los ntawm Khetos tau tshaj tawm.ceg ntawm St. Isaac's Cathedral. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo no, lub tsev teev ntuj pib maj mam revive. Kev kho dua tshiab tau qeeb, tsuas yog xyoo 1997 nws pib tau txais cov neeg tuaj saib ua Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm tus Cawm Seej ntawm Cov Ntshav.

Nyob rau xyoo 2004, ntau tshaj 70 xyoo tom qab, Lub Nroog Vladimir ua kev zoo siab rau Divine Liturgy hauv pawg ntseeg.

Hnub no, txhua tus uas tuaj xyuas St. Petersburg nrhiav kev mus xyuas tus Cawm Seej ntawm Ntshav. Lub sijhawm qhib ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej tso cai rau koj ua qhov no txhua lub sijhawm thaum lub caij ntuj sov txij li 10 teev sawv ntxov txog 10 teev tsaus ntuj, lub caij ntuj no txij 10 teev sawv ntxov txog 7 teev tsaus ntuj.

Spas-on-Blood (Yekaterinburg)

Yog tias peb tham txog kev txom nyem uas tsev neeg Romanov tau nyiaj dhau, peb tsis tuaj yeem hais txog lub tuam tsev hauv Yekaterinburg. Nws yog nyob hauv lub nroog no uas tsev neeg lub yim hli ntuj tau siv lawv hnub kawg, ntawm qhov chaw tuag, cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv tsa tus Cawm Seej ntawm Ntshav. Daim ntawv qhia ntawm lub nroog qhia tau hais tias lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsa rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev Ipatiev. Raws li keeb kwm hais tias, lub tsev no tau txeeb los ntawm Bolsheviks los ntawm engineer Ipatiev. Ntawm no cov tsev neeg Romanov tau khaws cia rau 78 hnub. Lub Xya hli ntuj 17, 1918, tag nrho cov martyrs raug tua nyob rau hauv qab daus. Thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo ntawm lub hwj chim Soviet, lub cim xeeb ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe raug tsuj thiab denigrated. Nyob rau hauv 1977, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Central Committee ntawm lub CPSU, lub tsev twb demolished, thiab B. N. Yeltsin. Hauv nws cov ntawv sau cia, nws hu ua qhov xwm txheej no yog kev ua phem, qhov tshwm sim uas tsis tuaj yeem kho.

pab tuam tsev

Tsuas yog xyoo 2000, ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov xwm txheej tragic, lawv pib tsim lub tuam tsev ncaj qha. Lub npe hu ua "Temple-Monument on the Blood in the name of All Saints". Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo no uas lub koob meej ntawm tsev neeg ntawm Nicholas II coj qhov chaw. Twb yog xyoo 2003, lub 7 hli tim 16,qhib qhov rooj loj, teeb pom kev ntawm lub tuam tsev.

Tus qauv, uas yog 60 meters siab, muaj tsib domes, tag nrho cheeb tsam yog peb txhiab square meters. Lavxias teb sab-Byzantine architectural style qhia txog qhov hnyav thiab loj ntawm lub tsev. Lub complex muaj lub sab sauv thiab sab lub tuam tsev. Lub tuam tsev sab saud yog ib lub cim ntawm lub teeb uas tsis tuaj yeem hloov tau, ua rau nco txog qhov xwm txheej uas tshwm sim ntawm no. Lub tuam tsev hauv qab no yog nyob rau hauv qab daus. Nws suav nrog chav tua, qhov twg muaj qhov tseeb ntawm lub tsev Ipatiev. Lub thaj yog nyob ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw uas Romanov tsev neeg tragically tuag. Ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau tsim tam sim ntawd, qhov chaw ua yeeb yam tau nthuav tawm rau hnub kawg ntawm lub neej ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe.

Txhua txhua xyoo nyob rau hmo nco txog Lub Xya Hli 17, txhua hmo liturgy muaj nyob hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, ua tiav hauv kev sib tw (25 km) rau Ganina Yama - lub cev tom qab kev tua raug coj mus rau qhov kuv tso tseg no. Ntau txhiab tus neeg tuaj ncig xyuas txhua xyoo tuaj ntawm no los ua kev hwm rau Royal Passion-Bearers, mus pe hawm lub thaj neeb.