Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Peter thiab Paul hauv Kozhevniki. Monument ntawm ancient kab lis kev cai ntawm Veliky Novgorod

2024 Tus sau: Miguel Ramacey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 06:20

Nyob hauv thaj chaw thaj chaw ntawm Veliky Novgorod, hu ua Nerevsky kawg txij li lub sijhawm nruab nrab, ib pawg ntawm cov tsev tsim vaj tsev tau khaws cia. Lawv nyob ntawm sab laug ntug dej ntawm Volkhov River nyob rau sab Sofiyskaya mus rau sab qaum teb, nyob rau hauv ib tug earthen rampart. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov paub tab tshaj plaws thiab artistic tiav monuments ntawm Novgorod architecture, yos rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 15th, thiab raug kev tiv thaiv raws li lub teb chaws cov cuab yeej cuab tam. Cov keeb kwm koom nrog lawv qhov chaw nrog Nerevsky kawg, feem ntau hu lawv Kozhevnitsky.

Church of Peter thiab Paul hauv Kozhevniki: piav qhia

Cov kws tsim vaj tsev txiav txim siab los tsim lub tuam tsev no nyob rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm Volkhov muaj zog, yog rau nws uas nws ntsib nws sab hnub tuaj. Kev xaiv cov kev faib ua haujlwm, tsim kom muaj qhov zoo nkauj silhouette, thiab qhov chaw zoo, niaj hnub no ua lub tuam tsev no zoo kawg nkaus monument ntawm kev kos duab thaum ub, kawm uas, koj tuaj yeem pom yuav ua li cas architecture tau nce mus rau lub sijhawm.

Ntxhais tus ncej ntawm sabTxoj kev Dmitrievskaya, uas coj mus rau Zverin-Pokrovsky Monastery, tseem yog lub tsev qub qub thiab zoo kawg li, qhov txawv ntawm nws qhov ua tiav thiab kev loj hlob. Qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv zoo heev ntawm architecture, uas yog ib qho zoo rau lub hnub qub ntawm Novgorod av.

Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Peter thiab Paul nyob rau hauv Kozhevniki tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1406. Nws yog ua los ntawm limestone blocks, tag nrho cov hniav tej hauj lwm ntawm lub façade, nrog rau cov arches, vanes thiab lub taub hau ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog ua los ntawm liab cib.

Ancient architecture

Raws li cov lus dab neeg keeb kwm, lub tuam tsev zoo nkauj no tau tsim los ntawm kev siv cov tanners. Ib lub sij hawm ntev dhau los, los yog kom meej meej, hauv 1227, ib lub tsev teev ntuj ntoo sawv ntawm qhov chaw no. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1384 nws raug kev txom nyem los ntawm hluav taws kub. Cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tuam tsev tshiab tau tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb limestone thiab cib thiab tsis yog plastered tshwj xeeb.

Los ntawm 1930, lub tswb pej thuam ntawm lub tuam tsev raug rhuav tshem. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog lub sijhawm xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm fascist uas nws raug kev txom nyem tshaj plaws. Nws muaj peev xwm rov kho nws qhov qub kev zoo nkauj tsuas yog los ntawm 1960. Cov txheej txheem no tau ua los ntawm tus kws kos duab Shtender G. M. thiab Shulyak L. M.

Divine splendor

Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Peter thiab Paul hauv Kozhevniki, cov duab uas qhia tag nrho cov kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj thiab majesty uas tsis tau tawg rau ntau pua xyoo, yog lub tsev siab siab ib-domed plaub-ncej. Nws cov facades tiav thiab nruj hauv kev faib ua feem, thiab hauvNyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam kawg, qhov tseem ceeb yog muab tso rau hauv kev txawj ntse tsim brickwork ntawm ib tug ntau yam hniav ornamental arch, cov pawg uas muaj xws li siv cov carved los ntawm daim duab peb sab kev nyuaj siab, ib tug arcade frieze, rosettes, niches ntawm puag ncig thiab pentagonal duab, ib tug curb thiab nyem crosses..

Nyob rau ntawm lub faus ntawm sab qab teb txoj kev, ib tug tsib-tus neeg koom ua ke tau khaws cia rau hnub no. Nws muaj ob lub niches thiab peb lub qhov rais nyob nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Ancient architects crowned lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Peter thiab Paul nyob rau hauv Kozhevniki nrog ib tug zoo nkauj tsib-bladed brow. Lub apse ntawm lub tuam tsev nws tus kheej yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog heev thawj ntsug rollers. Lawv tau rub ua ke los ntawm ib lub voj voog me me.

Tshawb nrhiav cov khoom qub

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov style ib txwm tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XIV, nyob rau hauv nws ib nrab thib ob. Lwm qhov ci ntsa iab thiab qub kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm Peter thiab Paul yog qhov kev npaj ntawm kev nkag rau hauv pem teb tsis nyob rau hauv lub thickness ntawm phab ntsa (cov tswv yim no feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm Novgorod pawg ntseeg ntawm lub 12th-15th centuries), tab sis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug cais staircase nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb hnub poob ntawm lub tuam tsev. Interestingly, nws yog qhov no feature ntawm lub tuam tsev uas rov hais dua thiab qhia cov txheej txheem siv los ntawm cov architects nto moo lub tuam tsev ntawm Theodore Stratilates, ua nyob rau hauv 1360.

Tam sim no xyoo 18th, ib lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Peb Hierarchs tau ntxiv rau sab qab teb. Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, muaj ib lub tswb me me ua rau sab hnub poob.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 15 txog rau xyoo pua 16, tag nrho pawg ntseeg ntawm Peter thiab Paul hauv Kozhevniki tau hloov pauv. Txoj kev npaj rau nws txoj kev tsim kho dua tshiab tau nthuav tawm heev - nws tau los uaob zaj dab neeg. Cov pawg hu nkauj tau pib muab tso rau sab hnub poob, qhov twg ib lub staircase coj los ntawm lub kaum sab hnub poob. Yog li, ib lub tsev teev ntuj me me tau tshwm sim, lossis lwm txoj hauv kev - rau podklet. Lub tsev teev ntuj nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv pem teb thib ob ntawm txoj kev hu ua.

Paintings thiab frescoes

Lub qhov rooj uas tau tsim, uas muaj lub ntsej muag ntse, raug tsoo thaum lub tuam tsev tau muab faib ua ob chav. Nyob rau ntawm ob sab ntawm lub portal no, pom cov seem ntawm ib daim duab thaum ub, thiab ib tug yuav pom ntawm ib sab daim duab ntawm cov thwj tim Paul thiab Peter, nyob rau lwm yam - tus tim tswv nrog ib tug ntaj nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes.

Tus kws tshawb fawb Pavel Gusev, uas tau tshuaj xyuas cov duab, pom tias lub cim ntawm cov thwj tim Peter thiab Povlauj tau ua nrog roj pleev xim rau hauv cov khoom siv tes ua, thiab Angel tau ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem fresco. Thaum kawg, nws xaus lus tias tej hauj lwm yog nyob rau txawv eras. Tus tim tswv raug ntaus nqi rau xyoo pua 16th, tus duab ntawm Peter thiab Povlauj - mus rau xyoo pua 18th, thaum lub tuam tsev tau hloov mus rau pem teb thib ob.

Hnub no lub tuam tsev tsis ua haujlwm lawm, thiab tsis muaj kev pabcuam hauv nws. Tam sim no muaj ib ceg ntawm Lub Xeev Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve, uas qhib rau hnub Wednesday thiab hnub Sunday thaum 11.00 txog 16.00. Hnub Monday thiab Tuesday yog hnub so. Tus nqi nkag - 50 rubles, cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv - 30 rubles, cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 16 xyoo - dawb xwb. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej kaw txhua xyoo thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1 txog Lub Peb Hlis 1.