Xyoo 1914 muaj kev suav pej xeem tshwj xeeb. Nws lub hom phiaj yog lub active monasteries ntawm Russia, lawv cov naj npawb, nrog rau cov naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lawv. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, 1025 active monasteries raug suav. Nyob rau hauv Soviet txoj cai, muaj 16 ntawm lawv. Raws li 2013 cov ntaub ntawv, muaj txog 700 monasteries nyob rau hauv Russia, tab sis cov duab no hloov raws li tshiab monasteries yog tas li qhib.
Monasteries ntawm Moscow: keeb kwm
Cov tsos ntawm Lavxias teb sab peev yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov vaj tse majestic ntawm cathedrals, tuam tsev, monasteries. Cov laus tshaj ntawm lawv, Bogoyavlensky thiab Danilov, tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th. Kev tsim kho loj loj monastery pib thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th. Thaum lub sij hawm no, Miracles, Andronnikov, Simonov, Sretensky, Rozhdestvensky monasteries tshwm nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub nroog. Feem ntau cov tsev teev ntuj Moscow tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv XVI-XVII centuries. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau lub sij hawm no lub cloisters tsis tau tsuas yog tshwm sim, tab sis kuj kaw. Piv txwv li, xyoo 1626 tau tso tsegIlyinsky Monastery. Ob peb lub tsev teev ntuj raug kaw thaum lub sij hawm kav Peter I.
Thawj geodetic txoj kev npaj ntawm lub nroog, luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1739, qhia tag nrho cov monasteries ntawm Moscow (ua hauj lwm). Lub sijhawm ntawd muaj 28 leeg, plaub tug raug kaw tib lub xyoo.
Lost Mansions
Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig (1917), tag nrho cov monasteries ntawm Moscow raug tshem tawm. Ib txhia ntawm lawv raug rhuav tshem tag nrho, cov tsev tshiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv lawv qhov chaw. Yog li ntawd, Ascension thiab Chudov monasteries, nrog rau cov Zlatoust, Strastnoy thiab Nikitsky monasteries ploj lawm. Qee qhov (ib feem me me) tau dhau los ua tsev cia puav pheej. Cov no yog Donskoy thiab Novodevichy monasteries. Tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1990 xwb qhov xwm txheej ntawm pawg ntseeg tsev teev ntuj pib txhim kho. Feem ntau ntawm cov tsev teev ntuj uas muaj sia nyob tau raug xa rov qab mus rau pawg ntseeg. Ntau lub monasteries tseem tab tom ua haujlwm kho dua tshiab. Niaj hnub no muaj 22 active monasteries nyob rau hauv Moscow. Hnub no peb yuav qhia koj txog qee yam ntawm lawv.
Operating monasteries hauv Moscow
Ua ntej tshaj, kuv xav qhia rau koj txog St. Danilov, lossis Danilovsky, raws li feem ntau hu ua, lub tsev teev ntuj. Qhov no yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm Nws tus Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv Patriarch. Qhov no yog lub qub tsev teev ntuj Moscow, nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1282 los ntawm tus tub ntawm Alexander Nevsky, Daniel. Tom qab nws tuag, nws raug faus rau hauv thaj chaw no. Yuav luag plaub caug xyoo tom qab ntawd, nws cov seem raug tsiv mus rau lwm qhov, thiab nyob rau xyoo 80s lawv tau rov qab los rau Danilov Monastery.
Xyoo 1812 lub tuam tsev tau raug Fabkis rhuav tshem, ces rov tsim dua. Thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo ntawm lub Bolsheviks nws twb kaw,lub ntxa raug rhuav tshem. Qhov chaw faus neeg nto moo ntawm Russia - Nikolai Gogol, Nikolai Rubinstein, Nikolai Yazykov raug xa mus rau Novodevichy Convent. Txij xyoo 1931 txog rau xyoo 1983, thaj chaw no yog thaj chaw rau cov menyuam yaus ua txhaum cai.
Xyoo 1983, lub tsev teev ntuj dawb huv tau rov qab los rau hauv lub Koom Txoos Orthodox thiab rov qab ua tiav.
Nws nyob ntawm qhov chaw nyob - Danilovsky Val, 22 (chaw nres tsheb metro "Tulskaya").
Donskoy Monastery rau txiv neej
Founded hauv 1593 los ntawm tus tub ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai, Fyodor Ioannovich. Yav dhau los, nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw, thaum sib ntaus sib tua nrog Crimean Khan Girey, muaj ib lub tsev teev ntuj camp. Raws li cov lus dab neeg uas twb muaj lawm, lub cim ntawm Don Niam ntawm Vajtswv tau pab cov tub rog Lavxias kom yeej. Tam sim no nws nyob hauv Tretyakov Gallery.
Donskoy Monastery tau plundered thiab rhuav tshem - thaum ntxov 1600s thiab thaum Fabkis cov tub rog tawm, xyoo 1812.
Xyoo 1917 nws raug kaw, thiab Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture tau tsim nyob rau hauv nws thaj chaw.
Nyob rau hauv 1991, lub Donskoy Monastery, hmoov tsis, tau pauv mus rau Moscow Patriarchate nrog ib tug zoo ncua sij hawm. Hnub no tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog hnub ntawm nws lub hnub yug thib ob. Txij thaum ntawd los, lub tuam tsev tau rov ua haujlwm dua.
Lub tsev nyob nyob ntawm Donskaya Square, 1 (Shabolovskaya metro chaw nres tsheb).
Novospassky Monastery
Nws tseem hu ua Royal, vim tias txij li lub sijhawm tsis nco txog, cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsev neeg loj ducal tau faus rau ntawm nws thaj chaw. Nws tau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 13th los ntawm Prince Daniel. Nwstsiv ntau zaus. Lub tsev teev ntuj tam sim no, daim duab uas koj pom hauv peb tsab xov xwm, tau rov ua dua xyoo 1645.
Tom qab kev tawm tsam, lub tsev teev ntuj, zoo li ntau lwm tus, raug kaw. Lub tsev loj cuj NKVD tau teeb tsa ntawm nws thaj chaw. Lub toj ntxas nrog lub ntxa ntawm Zakharyins, Romanovs thiab lwm yam princely tsev neeg twb barbarously puas. Tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, muaj chaw nres tsheb tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm no. Txij li thaum xyoo 1968, Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Restoration tau nyob hauv lub tsev teev ntuj. Txij thaum ntawd los, txoj haujlwm kho dua tshiab tau pib hauv cov tsev uas tseem muaj sia nyob ntawm no.
Nyob rau xyoo 1990, nws tau rov qab los rau cov ntseeg Orthodox thiab rov pib tshwm sim ua lub tsev teev ntuj ua haujlwm.
Nws qhov chaw nyob yog 10 Krestyanskaya Square (Proletarskaya thiab Krestyanskaya metro chaw nres tsheb).
Monasteries ntawm Moscow (active) poj niam
Pre-kawg Moscow yog qhov txaus siab rau nws cov tsev teev ntuj. Tuam tsev thiab cathedrals zoo siab rau cov qhua txawv teb chaws. Hauv qab no yog cov nunneries ntawm lub peev.
Alexeevsky Monastery
Tus txiv laus laus tshaj plaws, nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1360 los ntawm Metropolitan Alexy hauv Chertolye, ntawm ib lub toj siab saum tus dej Moska, tau hu ua nws nyob rau hauv cov hnub ntawd. Lub tsev teev ntuj pob zeb tau tsim los ntawm txoj cai ntawm Leej Txiv Ivan the Terrible, uas tau thov Vajtswv kom yug los ntawm tus txais, xyoo 1514. Lub tsev teev ntuj hlawv ob peb zaug, tab sis nws tau rov qab los. Xyoo 1547 nws hlawv rau hauv av. Nyob rau hauv 1584, Ivan lub txaus ntshai tau txiav txim rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub Alekseevsky Monastery nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab qhov chaw uas lub Cathedral ntawm Tswv Yexus tus Cawm Seej tam sim no nyob. Ib txhia novices tsis xav tso cov tshauvhlawv lub tuam tsev, thiab ntawm qhov chaw no lub tuam tsev tau rov qab los thiab hu ua Zachatievsky. Txog rau tam sim no, ntau txhiab tus neeg ntseeg tau mob siab rau thov Vajtswv ntawm no kom muaj kev xav tau ntev.
Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub tuam tsev tau tawg, qee qhov raug puas tsuaj. Ib tug menyuam yaus thiab ib lub tsev loj cuj nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw.
Nyob rau xyoo 90s lub tuam tsev tau rov qab los rau lub Koom Txoos Orthodox. Thaum xyoo 2010, nws tau rov qab ua tiav thiab tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj nquag. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab hauv peb tsab xov xwm, thiab nws qhov chaw nyob yog 2nd Zachatievsky Lane, 2 (Park Kultury thiab Kropotkinskaya metro chaw nres tsheb).
Novodevichy Convent
Nws tau tsa los ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Vasily III rau lub sijhawm rov qab los ntawm lub nroog qub ntawm Smolensk mus rau Moscow Thawj Tswj Hwm, xyoo 1524.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa phooj ywg sawv daws. Cov poj niam ntawm cov tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe tuaj rau nws thiab pub lawv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, hlaws, nyiaj ua ntej ua kev cog lus.
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, ib lub koom txoos zoo kawg nkaus tau tsim, tsim nyob rau hauv Moscow baroque style. Openwork crowns adorned lub yees, lub thib ob siab tshaj plaws tswb pej thuam nyob rau hauv Moscow tau tsim, raws li zoo raws li lub tsev teev ntuj Assumption thiab lub refectory.
Keeb kwm ntawm Novodevichy Convent khaws cov lus zais ntawm cov neeg tshiab uas tau nkag mus rau hauv nws tawm tsam lawv lub siab nyiam. Ntawm no, thawj tus poj niam ntawm Peter I, Evdokia Lopukhina, noblewoman Morozova, thiab Princess Sophia languished in captivity.
Los ntawm kev zoo siab coincidence, lub monastery ciaj sia nyob rau hauv 1812. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab xyoo 1917 nws tsis tau dim txoj hmoo uas tos tag nrho cov monasteries ntawm Moscow. Cov tub ceev xwm tshiab ua haujlwm nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd kaw nws xyoo 1922. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Emancipation ntawm Cov Poj Niam tau pib ua haujlwm ntawm no, uas tom qab ntawd tau hloov mus ua ib lub tsev khaws khoom kos duab. Koj tuaj yeem pom nws ntawm qhov chaw nyob - Novodevichy proezd, lub tsev 1 (Sportivnaya metro chaw nres tsheb)
Peb Tus Poj Niam Ntawm Txoj Kev Ncaj Ncees
Txhua lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Moscow - nquag thiab twb ploj lawm - txawv heev. Tsis yog los ntawm nws "hnub nyoog", tab sis kuj los ntawm nws cov architectural style.
Xyoo 1386, leej niam ntawm tus phab ej ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Kulikovo, Vladimir the Brave, Ntxhais fuabtais Maria Serpukhova nrhiav tau Niam ntawm Vajtswv-Nativity Monastery. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm kev yeej ntawm Kulikovo teb.
Thawj cov viv ncaus ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog menyuam ntsuag thiab poj ntsuam ntawm cov tub rog uas tuag hauv tshav rog. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tau ntev txij li kev cai raus dej ntawm Russia, Orthodox tau hwm tus poj huab tais saum ntuj nrog kev hwm tshwj xeeb. Tuam tsev thiab monasteries ntawm Moscow tau mob siab rau nws lub neej hauv ntiaj teb. Lub tsev teev ntuj uas tab tom ua haujlwm tam sim no, mus rau ib qib lossis lwm qhov, khaws lub cim xeeb ntawm Leej Niam. Hauv kev nco txog nws, cov tuam tsev tau tsim rov qab rau hauv lub sijhawm ua ntej Mongolian. Ib qho ntawm thawj zaug yog Theotokos-Nativity Monastery.
Lub sijhawm dhau mus, nws tau loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv 1505, lub pob zeb Cathedral ntawm tus Dawb Huv Niam ntawm Vajtswv tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no xyoo nws twb rebuilt ob peb zaug. Xyoo 1687, lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. John Chrysostom tau tshwm sim ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Nyob rau hauv 1836, lub tswb pej thuam thiab lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Eugene Khersonsky tau tsim. Raws li qhov project ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse P. Vinogradov, xyoo 1906 lub Koom Txoos ntawm Peb Poj Niam ntawm Kazan tau tsim.
Xyoo 1922 lub tsev teev ntuj raug kaw, thiab kom txog rau thaum 70s txhua qhov chawmonasteries tau nyob los ntawm cov tsev sib koom. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1980, lub tsev teev ntuj raug xa rov qab mus rau Moscow Patriarchate. Divine kev pab cuam pib nyob rau hauv 1989, thiab thawj cov hauj lwm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1993. Txij thaum ntawd los, lub tsev teev ntuj pib ua lub neej zoo tib yam ntsuas. Nws qhov chaw nyob yog Rozhdestvenka txoj kev, 20.
Peb tau nthuav tawm rau koj tsuas yog qee lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Moscow (ua haujlwm). Peb tau teev cov chaw nyob ntawm cov monasteries ntawm no kom koj yooj yim. Yog nej xav pom lawv ntawm nej ob lub qhov muag - tuaj, nej yuav zoo siab txais tos.
