Tuam Tsev Mahabodhi: keeb kwm ntawm lub tuam tsev, laj thawj tsim, piav qhia

Cov txheej txheem:

Tuam Tsev Mahabodhi: keeb kwm ntawm lub tuam tsev, laj thawj tsim, piav qhia
Tuam Tsev Mahabodhi: keeb kwm ntawm lub tuam tsev, laj thawj tsim, piav qhia

Video: Tuam Tsev Mahabodhi: keeb kwm ntawm lub tuam tsev, laj thawj tsim, piav qhia

Video: Tuam Tsev Mahabodhi: keeb kwm ntawm lub tuam tsev, laj thawj tsim, piav qhia
Video: Ib Sim Neej Tsis Paub Kev Hlub Zoo Li Cas. 8/3/22 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Muaj ntau qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv ntiaj teb, tab sis lub tuam tsev ntawm Mahabodhi yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Qhov chaw no muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntseeg thiab nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias lub tuam tsev nws tus kheej muaj cov khoom qub qub thiab cov khoom qub. Ntxiv nrog rau Pob Zeb Diamond Throne, tseem muaj xya lwm qhov chaw hauv lub tuam tsev tag nrho uas tseem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau lub sijhawm hauv lub neej thiab kev qhia ntawm Buddha.

Tom qab mus saib qhov chaw dawb huv no rau cov neeg ntseeg, cov neeg ncig tebchaws xav tsis thoob los ntawm kev zoo nkauj thiab qhov chaw txawv txawv ntawm qhov chaw no, ib txwm tawm rave tshuaj xyuas, Kev ntseeg, nrog rau cov ntseeg Vajtswv thiab Islam, yog ib qho ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev ntseeg. Nws faib pib thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm lub ancient huab tais Ashoka. Ashoka kav nyob rau xyoo pua 3 BC, nws yog tus kav ntawm Mauryan Empire, ib qho ntawm thawj lub xeev uas koom ua ke yuav luag tag nrho Indian subcontinent. Nws kuj yog thawj tus huab tais Indian uas hloov siab los ntseeg thiab siv zog los nthuav kev ntseeg thoob plaws Is Nrias teb.

saib ntawm lub tuam tsev mahabodhi
saib ntawm lub tuam tsev mahabodhi

Temple Maker

Ashoka tau nqis peev nyiaj ntau thiab cov peev txheej hauv kev tsim cov tuam tsev thiab thaj neeb hauv thaj tsam ntawm nws lub tebchaws. Qhov tseeb, nws tau koom nrog ntau txhiab tus neeg pe hawm Vajtswv hauv Is Nrias teb. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem sib tw nrog nws thawj qhov project, lub tuam tsev Mahabodhi hauv Bodhgaya. Nws yog ib qho chaw dawb ceev tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov Buddhism thiab ib qho ntawm Ashoka txoj kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws.

Thaj chaw ib ncig ntawm Bodh Gaya tau nyiam yogis thiab sages txij thaum lub sijhawm Buddha. Cov duab ntawm sab ntsuj plig zoo xws li Padmasambhava, Nagarjuna thiab Atisha xav txog hauv qab tsob ntoo Bodhi.

Buddhism

Zaj dab neeg ntawm Buddhism yog zaj dab neeg ntawm ib tug txiv neej txoj kev sab ntsuj plig mus rau Enlightenment, thiab cov lus qhia thiab txoj kev ntawm lub neej uas tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawd.

Muaj ntau lub tswv yim hais txog lub sijhawm ntawm lub neej ntawm Siddhartha Gautama. Historians hnub nws yug thiab tuag rau ib ncig ntawm 566-486. BC BC, tab sis tom qab kev tshawb fawb qhia tias nws nyob me ntsis tom qab, txij li 490 txog 410 BC.

Nws yug los rau hauv tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe hauv lub zos Lumbini hauv Nepal niaj hnub nim no, thiab nws txoj haujlwm muaj cai cais nws tawm ntawm kev txom nyem ntawm lub neej, xws li mob, kev laus thiab kev tuag.

Ib zaug, twb sib yuav thiab muaj menyuam lawm, Siddhartha tau tawm mus sab nraum lub tsev huab tais uas nws nyob. Thaum nws tawm mus rau sab nraud, nws pom thawj zaug ib tug txiv neej laus, tus txiv neej muaj mob, thiab lub cev tuag. Qhov no ua rau nws txhawj xeeb heev, thiab nws kawm tau tias mob, hnub nyoog thiab kev tuag yog txoj hmoo uas tib neeg tsis tuaj yeem, yog txoj hmoo uas tsis muaj leej twg yuav zam tau.

Siddhartha kuj pom tus mlom thiab nws xav tias yogib lub cim qhia tias nws yuav tsum tawm ntawm nws lub neej muaj koob muaj npe thiab nyob hauv kev txom nyem, sib zog ua kom dawb huv. Siddhartha txoj kev mus ncig ua rau nws raug kev txom nyem ntau dua. Nws tab tom nrhiav txoj hauv kev kom tsis txhob muaj kev ploj tuag, hnub nyoog laus thiab kab mob, ua ntej koom nrog cov hauj sam. Tab sis qhov no tsis tau pab nws hauv nws txoj kev tshawb nrhiav cov lus teb.

Siddhartha ntsib ib tus neeg Ascetic Indian uas txhawb kom nws ua raws li lub neej dhau ntawm kev tsis lees paub tus kheej thiab kev qhuab qhia. Tus Buddha kuj xyaum ua kev xav, tab sis los xaus tias txawm tias lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev xav tsis txaus los ntawm lawv tus kheej.

Siddhartha ua raws li txoj kev ua siab loj rau rau xyoo, tab sis qhov no tsis ua rau nws txaus siab; nws tseem tsis tau ncaim ntiaj teb kev txom nyem. Nws tau tso tseg lub neej nruj ntawm nws tus kheej tsis kam lees thiab asceticism, tab sis tsis rov qab mus rau qhov khoom kim heev ntawm nws lub neej qub. Hloov chaw, nws xaiv ua raws li txoj kev nruab nrab, qhov twg tsis muaj khoom kim heev lossis kev txom nyem.

hauv lub tuam tsev Mahabodhi
hauv lub tuam tsev Mahabodhi

Kev nkag siab

Muaj ib hnub, zaum hauv qab tsob ntoo Bodhi (tsob ntoo ntawm kev sawv), Siddhartha nkag mus tob rau hauv kev xav thiab xav txog nws txoj kev ua neej, uas txiav txim siab nkag mus rau nws qhov tseeb.

Nkauj lus dab neeg hais tias thaum xub thawj Buddha zoo siab nyob hauv lub xeev no, tiam sis Brahma, tus huab tais ntawm vajtswv, thov sawv cev rau lub ntiaj teb no kom nws yuav tsum qhia nws txoj kev nkag siab rau lwm tus.

History of Creation

Muaj plaub lub tuam tsev tseem ceeb cuam tshuam nrog ntau theem ntawm lub neej ntawm Buddha. Lub tuam tsev Mahabodhi hauv Is Nrias teb yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Raws li kev lig kev cai, qhov no yog qhov chaw uas Buddha zaum hauv qab tsob ntoo thiab xav txog, thaum kawgtau enlightenment thiab ua ib tug Buddha. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qhov chaw no yog qhov tseeb, qhov chaw yug ntawm kev ntseeg thiab kev ntseeg. Cov ntseeg kuj ntseeg tias qhov no yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm tag nrho lub qab ntuj khwb. Nws lub hwj chim yog li ntawd nws yuav yog qhov chaw kawg uas yuav raug rhuav tshem thaum kawg ntawm lub sijhawm thiab thawj zaug rov los nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb tshiab.

Raws li cov lus dab neeg, Buddha tau txais kev pom zoo thaum ntxov li 6 xyoo pua BC, uas txhais tau hais tias thaj av no tau xyaum ua ntau pua xyoo ua ntej Ashoka tshwm sim. Tus huab tais tau mus xyuas qhov chaw pilgrimage thiab lub nroog ntawm Bodhgaya thiab txiav txim siab los tsim ib lub tuam tsev thiab lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm Buddha qee zaum ntawm 260 thiab 250 BC. Thawj qhov uas nws tau tsim yog lub platform uas hu ua "Diamond Throne", uas tau hais los qhia qhov tseeb qhov chaw uas Buddha zaum thaum nws tau txais kev nkag siab. Ob peb stupas (Buddhist mounds nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tuam tsev) kuj tau ua nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw no.

mahabodhi tuam tsev phab ntsa
mahabodhi tuam tsev phab ntsa

Kev tsim kho

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov pom tau niaj hnub no hauv kev piav qhia ntawm lub tuam tsev Mahabodhi tiag tiag yog nyob rau lwm lub sijhawm. Tom qab ntawd Indian cov thawj coj ntawm Gupta Empire tau rov qab kho qhov chaw nyob rau xyoo 5th thiab 6th CE. Nws yog thaum ntawd cov tuam tsev siab tshaj uas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm Mahabodhi tau tsim. Lawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm Indian architecture ntawm lub sij hawm Gupta (tsis yog Buddha architecture) thiab feature zoo heev brickwork. Kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tuam tsev yog ua nyob rau hauv Gupta style: cov phab ntsa yog plastered, nplua nuj dai kom zoo nkauj, ornamented nrog ntau tus mlom ntawm cov neeg pej xeem cov duab, reliefs thiab carvings,Piav qhia txog cov hauj sam (thiab Hindu), nrog rau lwm cov cim ntawm Buddhism.

Tom qab xyoo pua 12 AD e. lub tuam tsev poob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj. Cov Muslims uas tuaj rau Is Nrias teb yog kev hem thawj rau Buddhism thiab nws raug tso tseg. Txawm li cas los xij, keeb kwm ntawm lub tuam tsev Mahabodhi tsis xaus rau ntawd. Tom qab ntawd nws tau rov qab los nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, tom qab uas nws rov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws cov qub grandeur. Niaj hnub no nws tseem ua haujlwm ua ib qho chaw dawb ceev tshaj plaws rau cov neeg ntseeg, nrog rau lub monument ntawm architectural thiab kab lis kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Is Nrias teb. Nws tau lees paub tias yog UNESCO World Heritage Site hauv 2002.

Bodhi Tree

tsob ntoo uas sawv ntawm no yog ib tug xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm tsob ntoo uas loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Buddha. Hauv qab no muaj ib lub platform cim qhov chaw uas muaj hneev taw ntawm Buddha carved hauv pob zeb. Liab sandstone vuas yog pw ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo. Nws yog qhov chaw uas Buddha zaum hauv kev xav.

tsob ntoo
tsob ntoo

Architecture

Hauv daim duab, lub tuam tsev Mahabodhi ib txwm zoo li lub tsev zoo nkauj: nrog thaj chaw rau kev coj ua thiab kev xav, crowned nrog lub stupa uas muaj relics ntawm Buddha. Sab hauv muaj ib tug pej thuam ntawm Buddha thiab Shiva-linga. Hindus ntseeg tias Buddha yog ib qho ntawm incarnations ntawm Vishnu; Yog li ntawd, lub tuam tsev Mahabodhi yog ib qho chaw pilgrimage rau ob Hindus thiab Buddhists.

Nws khav txog 52m siab spire uas muaj lub tsev zoo nkauj gilded Buddha.

Lub tuam tsev yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog friezes depicting scenes ntawm lub neej ntawm Buddha. Nyob rau sab qaum teb phab ntsa ntawm lub tuam tsev yog Chankramana Chaitya (Precious Way) - txoj kev uas tus Buddha xav.thaum taug kev. Nyob ib sab ntawm lub tuam tsev yog lub pas dej lotus, uas tau hais tias yog qhov chaw uas Buddha coj nws mus da dej.

Ua tiav ntawm cib, Is Nrias teb lub tuam tsev Mahabodhi Buddhist yog ib lub tsev teev ntuj ntxov tshaj plaws kom muaj sia nyob. Lub cib ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev tau dhau los ua tus qauv rau ntau lub tsev tom ntej thiab cov qauv.

Buddha Statue

Nws zoo li amazing. Tus Buddha nws tus kheej zaum nrog nws txhais tes nqis (kov av). Cov pej thuam ntseeg tias muaj hnub nyoog 1700 xyoo. Nws yog nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas tus Buddha ntsia rau sab hnub tuaj. Lub Tuam Tsev Mahabodhi, nrog rau Tsob Ntoo Bodhi, ua tiav qhov kev mus ncig dawb huv rau Bodhgaya.

Raws li cov lus dab neeg, tus neeg taug kev tau cog lus tias yuav tsim tus pej thuam zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb yog tias nws tau ntsib peb yam xwm txheej. Nws thov kom tso cov av nplaum tsw qab thiab ib lub teeb rau hauv lub tuam tsev. Nws kuj thov kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab rau rau lub hlis. Txawm li cas los xij, tib neeg tau ua siab ntev thiab tsoo lub qhov rooj tsuas yog plaub hnub ua ntej hnub kawg. Lawv pom ib tug mlom zoo nkauj, tab sis ib sab ntawm lub hauv siab tseem tsis tau tiav. Tus neeg txawv txawv tsis pom qhov twg.

buddha pej thuam
buddha pej thuam

Zoo

Kev txiav txim los ntawm tus qauv, nws tuaj yeem hais tias lub tsev yog thawj zaug ua lub cim nco txog, tsis yog lub thaj neeb rau Buddha. Plaub yees sawv hauv cov ces kaum, zoo li yog nrog lub ntsiab. Nyob rau txhua sab, lub tuam tsev yog ib puag ncig los ntawm pob zeb railings ntawm ob hom, txawv nyob rau hauv style thiab khoom. Cov railings qub yog ua los ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab hnub rov qab mus rau ib ncig ntawm 150 BC. Hnub tim rau lub sijhawm Gupta (300-600 AD), lwm yam railingsyog ua los ntawm unpolished ntxhib granite. Cov railings qub ntawm lub Tuam Tsev Mahabodhi ntawm Bodhgaya suav nrog cov duab ntawm Hindu deities, thaum tsis ntev los no railings suav nrog cov duab ntawm stupas (reliquaries) thiab garudas (eagles).

pas dej ntawm lub tuam tsev
pas dej ntawm lub tuam tsev

Qhov tseeb thiab lus dab neeg

Tom qab kev tsim kho lub tuam tsev, Emperor Ashoka tau xa nws cov qub txeeg qub teg mus rau Sri Lanka thiab ntau qhov chaw hauv Is Nrias teb kom nthuav tawm Buddhism. Nws kuj tau xa ib tsob ntoo los ntawm tsob ntoo nws tus kheej mus rau Sri Lanka. Thaum cov Muslim invaders rhuav tshem lub tuam tsev thiab rhuav tshem tsob ntoo ntawd, cov yub los ntawm Sri Lanka raug xa rov qab mus rau Mahabodhi, qhov twg tsob ntoo tshiab tau loj hlob los ntawm nws. Tsob ntoo maj mam leans thiab txhawb nqa ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tuam tsev. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau lub tuam tsev puas tsuaj loj thiab npaj yuav cog ib lub tshiab rau yav tom ntej.

Lub tuam tsev yog ib qho ntawm ob peb lub tsev qub ua los ntawm cib tag nrho.

Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom ntau lub ntsiab lus uas yuav qhia txog kev sib txuas ntawm Hinduism thiab Buddhism. Muaj ntau cov duab kos duab thiab duab puab qhia txog cov vajtswv Hindu ntawm no.

railing ntawm Mahabodhi Tuam Tsev
railing ntawm Mahabodhi Tuam Tsev

Muaj ib lub pas dej nyob ze tsob ntoo. Muaj ntau pob zeb lotuses carved nyob rau hauv txoj kev nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pas dej. Nws tau hais tias Buddha tau siv sijhawm xya lub lis piam ntawm no hauv kev xav. Nws tau taug kev xav, mus txog 18 kauj ruam. Muaj cov hneev taw ntawm Buddha rau ntawm pob zeb lotuses.

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev no yog los tiv thaiv tsob ntoo Bodhi thiab tsim ib lub monument. Ob peb lub tuam tsev tau ua thaum lub sij hawm kho dua tshiab, thiab lub monument nws tus kheej tau los ua ib lub tuam tsev.

Lub tuam tsev feem ntau ua kev xyiv fab ua cov paj pajtxiv kab ntxwv lotus.

Nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev nws tus kheej, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas tus Buddha zaum nyob rau hauv meditation, muaj ib tug pej thuam ntawm nws, uas yog them nrog kub. Nws ib txwm hnav khaub ncaws zoo nkauj.

Pom zoo: