Mikhailo-Klopsky Monastery hauv Veliky Novgorod

2024 Tus sau: Miguel Ramacey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 06:20

Mikhailo-Klopsky Monastery yog Orthodox txiv neej lub tsev teev ntuj nyob 20 mais sab qab teb ntawm Veliky Novgorod. Nws nyob ntawm tus dej Veryazh, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas nws ntws mus rau hauv lub Ilmen. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tham txog keeb kwm, architecture ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, kev xaiv rau yuav ua li cas mus rau nws.

History

Mikhailo-Klopsky Monastery tau tsim nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th. Thawj qhov hais txog nws nyob rau hauv keeb kwm hnub rov qab mus rau 1408. Nws yog kev cob cog rua nrog lub fact tias lub Orthodox novice Mikhail Klopsky tshwm nyob rau hauv lub parish, tom qab uas lub monastery tau lub npe raws li ib tug tshwm sim.

Tam sim no, muaj lwm yam ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub npe ntawm Mikhailo-Klopsky Monastery hauv Veliky Novgorod. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau hais tias tus Dej Veryazh thiab cov dej tsis muaj npe, nyob hauv thaj chaw uas lub tsev teev ntuj sawv, zoo li tus kab laum.

Hnub no lub thaj neeb tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog lub relics ntawm Mikhail Klopsky, uas nyob rau hauv ib tug bushel nyob rau yav qab teb aisle ntawm lub Trinity lub tsev teev ntuj.

Tom qab Bolsheviks los muaj hwj chimlub monastery ua hauj lwm txog 1934, tom qab ntawd nws raug kaw.

Kev tsim txom ntawm cov hauj sam tau pib thaum xyoo 1918. Tom qab ntawd muaj ib lub tsev kawm ntawv raug teeb tsa ntawm lub tuam tsev, thiab cov neeg communist txwv tsis pub ua kev thov Vajtswv. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, lub monastery parish twb abolished. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tau txhais hais tias qhov kawg ntawm lub neej ntawm sab ntsuj plig hauv qhov chaw no. Xyoo 1922, tsoom hwv nom tswv txeeb tau tag nrho cov khoom muaj nqis uas nyob hauv zej zog siv. Txhua yam raug xa mus rau Novgorod Tsev khaws puav pheej.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1920s, lub tuam tsev yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub renovation txav. Tus pov thawj Nikolai Letitsky tau tshwm sim, uas cov tub ceev xwm hauv cheeb tsam tau tawm tsam txhua txoj hauv kev. Yog li ntawd, tus pov thawj raug tshem tawm. Tom qab kaw lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj rau kev pe hawm, cov yuam sij rau nws tau muab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev cia puav pheej.

Lub Mikhailo-Klopsky Monastery tau rov kho dua xyoo 2005. Cov tsev tau raug xa rov qab mus rau Novgorod diocese. Tam sim no nws txoj kev kho dua tshiab tab tom ua, nws tau ua raws li kev saib xyuas ncaj qha ntawm Abbot Jacob (Efimov).

Architecture

Qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev ua ke ntawm Mikhailo-Klopsky Monastery hauv Veliky Novgorod yog peb-domed plaub-ncej Trinity Cathedral. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1560. Sij hawm dhau mus, qhov chaw nrog lub tswb pej thuam, uas tseem tsis tau muaj sia nyob, thiab cov chaw zoo nkauj tau ntxiv rau nws.

Ua raws li kev zam uas muaj nyob rau hauv kev kav ntawm Ivan IV, hauv Mikhailo-Klopsky Monastery, Trinity Cathedral tau ua ntau lub thaj. Txij li thaum tsawg kawg yog 1581, tau muaj ib lub tsev teev ntuj zeb ntawm St. Nicholas tus Wonderworker nrog lub refectory. Tsuas yog lub sijhawm nosuav nrog nws thawj zaug hauv cov ntawv sau tseg.

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, qhov tsos ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau hloov pauv tseem ceeb. Lub tuam tsev tau ua tsib-domed, ib lub tswb pej thuam thiab cov hlwb tau ua nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Mikhailo-Klopsky Monastery.

Lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Loj Loj, lub tsev teev ntuj refectory tau raug puas tsuaj tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv 1960 lub cathedral tau mothballed. Lub tsev teev ntuj Nikolskaya tseem nyob hauv ruins.

Qhov chaw

Tsis muaj qhov chaw nyob ntawm Mikhailo-Klopsky Monastery. Yuav kom tau mus rau nws, koj yuav tsum mus rau sab qab teb ntawm Veliky Novgorod.

Nrog koj lub tsheb, koj yuav tsum tawm hauv nroog raws txoj kev loj P56. Tom qab ntawd tom qab 11 mais lem sab laug tom qab kos npe rau ntawm lub tuam tsev.

Leej twg yog Mikhail Klopsky?

Vaj Qhia Orthodox, tom qab uas lub tsev teev ntuj no hu ua, yog ib tug neeg ruam dawb huv. Raws li ib tug version, nws muaj feem xyuam rau Dmitry Donskoy. Nws yog tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm tus tub xeeb ntxwv Dmitry Mikhailovich Bobrok Volynsky, los yog tus tub tsis raug cai ntawm Mozhaisk tub huabtais Andrei Dmitrievich, tus kwv ntawm Dmitry Donskoy.

Nws paub tias Michael tau tso tseg lub hwj chim thiab hmoov zoo, ua rau nws tus kheej ua txoj kev ruam rau lub yeeb koob ntawm Khetos. Nws tawm hauv Moscow mus ko taw. Nws tshwm sim ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj hauv Novgorod koom pheej hnav tsuas yog rags.

Nws tau siv 44 xyoo tom ntej ntawm nws lub neej nyob hauv lub tuam tsev. Thaum lub sij hawm no, cov neeg dawb huv tau los ua ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev coj ua nruj me ntsis ntawm monastic charter thiab ascetic feat. Raws li nws lub neej, nws muaj lub txiaj ntsim ntawm foresight thiab prophecy. Nws kuj muaj npe nrov rau kev thuam cov thawj coj, tsis saib xyuas lawv cov xwm txheej thiab keeb kwm.

Piv txwv li, nws kwv yees kev yeej ntawm Ivan III thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Novgorod. Tsis tas li ntawd, tej txuj ci tseem ceeb uas tau ua los ntawm nws suav nrog qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov tsis paub yav dhau los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tuam tsev, uas tau los ua ke, txij li cov novices raug kev txom nyem los ntawm dej nag uas tsim xyoo ntawd.

Mikhail Klopsky tuag hauv 1453 lossis 1456. Nws tau canonized ntawm Makarievsky Cathedral yuav luag ib puas xyoo tom qab. Lub Koom Txoos Orthodox qhuas nws lub cim xeeb rau lub Ib Hlis 11.

Trinity Cathedral

Trinity Cathedral yog lub ntsiab kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm Mikhailo-Klopsky Monastery hauv Veliky Novgorod. Qhov no yog ib tug monument ntawm Novgorod architecture ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Kev tsim kho tau khaws cia cov kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim vaj tsev cov kab ke uas tsim thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm Novgorod Republic.

Tom qab kev koom ua ke ntawm Veliky Novgorod rau lub xeev Muscovite hauv architecture, muaj kev nyiam ua raws li "Moscow cov cai". Txij thaum ntawd los, lawv tau dhau los ua qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm Novgorod pob zeb kev tsim kho.

Cov kev hloov pauv tau pom nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho ntawm Trinity Cathedral ntawm thaj chaw ntawm txiv neej Mikhailo-Klopsky Monastery thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb koom nrog kev tsim lub tuam tsev no nrog Ivan the Terrible mus ntsib xyoo 1568.

Ntau lub zwm txwv dhau los ua ib qho ntawm nws qhov txawv. Nws yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm feem ntau cov tuam tsev ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Nyob rau hauv kev mob siab rau ntawm aisles, lawv pom ib tug tshwj xeeb ideological kev pab cuam ntawm huab tais, txij li thaum lub tuam tsev tau tsim raws linws qhov kev txiav txim thiab ib feem ntawm nws cov nuj nqis. Kev mob siab rau ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj rau Theodore Stratilates thiab John of the Ladder qhia txog kev xav kom tau txais kev txhawb nqa rau cov tub ntawm Ivan IV - Fedor thiab John. Thiab nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub dedications, ib tug txheej ntawm kev thov Vajtswv, ib txwm rau tus kav, tuaj yeem taug qab. Lawv koom nrog kev thov rau Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv, Trinity thiab John the Baptist.

Lub Trinity Cathedral ntawm Mikhailo-Klopsky Monastery tau rov ua dua tshiab hauv xyoo 19th. Nyob rau sab hnub poob, muaj ob lub tsev dai kom zoo nkauj ntxiv, lub tswb pej thuam ploj, thiab cov duab phab ntsa tau hloov kho.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev khawb av los ntawm Soviet archaeologists nyob rau hauv lub lig 1980s, nws tau tsim tias thaum lub sij hawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub Trinity Cathedral nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Mikhailo-Klopsky Monastery nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, lub masonry ntawm tus thawj. pob zeb cathedral, nrog rau lub hauv paus, yuav luag tag nrho xaiv. Cov kws tshaj lij tswj kom pom tsuas yog ob qho me me uas rov qab mus rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th.

St. Nicholas Church

Lwm qhov kev nyiam ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog St. Nicholas lub tsev teev ntuj nrog lub tsev kho mob. Qhov no yog ib tug tshwj xeeb architectural monument ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Tam sim no, nws yuav luag puas tsuaj, nws tus mob yog suav tias yog kev puas tsuaj.

Lub tsev teev ntuj nyob ntawm lub verge ntawm kev vau. Cov kws tshaj lij ntshai tias sai sai no tsuas yog lub sijhawm los kawm lub monument no yuav yog archaeological excavations.

Hnub tsim kho ntawm St. Nicholas lub Koom Txoos tseem tsis tau paub. Nws ntseeg tau hais tias nws tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm ntawm Ivan lub txaus ntshai, los yog twb ntau tom qab nws tuag - nyob rau hauv 1632.

Moderncov kws tshawb fawb zoo li niaj hnub ua ntej.

Ntawm abbots

Thaum lub sijhawm muaj nyob ntawm Mikhailo-Klopsky Monastery, nws muaj ntau tus thawj coj uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias Orthodox Church. Los ntawm 1414 mus rau 1421 lub tsev teev ntuj tau coj los ntawm Theodosius, tom qab xaiv archbishop.

Lub neej ntawm Mikhail Klopsky qhia tias nws tuaj txog ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj hauv Metropolitan Photius, thiab tom qab ntawd nyob rau thaum Theodosius tau los ua tus thawj coj hauv nws.

Raws li lub sijhawm, nws yog lub sijhawm no tus txiv plig uas lub Koom Txoos Dawb Huv tau muab tso rau hauv Mikhailo-Klopsky Monastery.

Muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais tias Theodosius tau pab cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw nyob ib puag ncig hauv xyoo kev tshaib kev nqhis, cuam tshuam nrog Prince Konstantin Dmitrievich, uas tuaj txog hauv Novgorod xyoo 1419. Nws yog tus tub ntawm Dmitry Donskoy, uas tau xaiv Theodosius ua nws lees txim. Nws tsis tu ncua mus xyuas lub tuam tsev, muab nyiaj rau kev tsim kho ntawm Trinity Cathedral.

Hauv xyoo 1421 Theodosius tau raug xaiv tsa tus thawj tswj hwm. Nws tau coj lub diocese rau ob xyoos yam tsis muaj kev tswj hwm, kom txog rau thaum cov neeg ntawm Novgorod yuam kom tshem nws tawm ntawm lub sam thiaj. Tom qab ntawd, Theodosius rov qab mus rau nws lub tsev teev ntuj, qhov chaw nws tuag ob xyoos tom qab.

Gerasim (Ionin)

Ntawm cov abbots yog Gerasim (Ionin), uas tau paub los ua haujlwm hauv Solovetsky Monastery. Nws yog tom qab lub tsev teev ntuj Novgorod uas nws tau pauv mus rau Solovki hauv 1793.

Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tshiab, nws tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej, thov los ntawm cov novices kom ua tiav daim ntawv pov thawj,thov kom tshem tawm ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm cov hauj sam ntawm cov seem ntawm cov nyiaj tau los txhua xyoo, nrog rau kev rov pib dua ntawm lub tsev so raws li cov txheej txheem tsim los ntawm Abbot Zosima tus Wonderworker.

Hauv xyoo 1796, Gerasim raug xa mus so, tau xaiv nyiaj laus. Nws tuag thaum lub hnub nyoog laus laus hauv Sophronian Hermitage.

Gerasim (Gaidukov)

Gerasim (Gaidukov) yog lub taub hau ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm 1806 txog 1817. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nws coj monastic vows nyob rau hauv 1795. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo pua 19th, nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub Anthony-Dymsky Monastery, uas belongs rau lub diocese ntawm St. Tom qab ntawd nws raug xa mus rau thaj tsam Vologda.

Ua tus thawj coj ntawm Mikhailo-Klopsky Monastery, nws tau nce mus rau qib ntawm hegumen. Xyoo 1815 nws tau tshaj tawm cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj.

Tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov kawg ntawm nws qhov kev pabcuam. Nyob rau hauv 1817, Gerasim los ua archimandrite, nws twb pauv mus rau lub Skovorodsky monastery ntawm lub Novgorod diocese. Ces nws kuj coj Nikolo-Vyazhishchsky thiab Valdai Iversky Monastery.

Nws tuag xyoo 1829 thiab raug faus rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj Cathedral ntawm Iversky Monastery.