feem coob ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv peb lub tebchaws yog cov ntseeg Orthodox. Ntau tus tau hnov txog dab tsi ntawm sab ntsuj plig muaj nyob: npis sov, lub nroog, npisov. Txawm li cas los xij, ob peb tus neeg paub tias lawv txhais li cas tiag tiag, lawv tuaj qhov twg, thiab cov dej num twg tag nrho cov neeg no ua hauv pawg ntseeg hierarchy. Leej twg yog archbishop? Lub meej mom no yog dab tsi?
Keeb kwm ntawm lo lus
Archbishop yog ib tug npis sov. Lo lus nws tus kheej yog Greek hauv keeb kwm thiab muaj ob peb lo lus: άρχή - "lub ntsiab", επί - "saum toj", σκοπος - "tus neeg saib xyuas". Yog muab tso ua ke thiab txhais lus, nws txhais tau hais tias "tus thawj tswj xyuas." Txawm li cas los xij, lo lus "npiv" nws tus kheej los ntawm tag nrho lo lus επίσκοπος thiab txhais tau tias "tus saib xyuas". Tus archbishop yog lub npe hu ua "tsoomfwv" degree ntawm ib tug npis sov, qib tom ntej yog ncaj qha rau lub nroog.
Keeb kwm ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb
Nyob hauv huab taisConstantine lub Great tau ua tiav kev tswj hwm ntawm tag nrho Roman Empire, uas tau muab faib ua plaub lub xeev. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj lub npe hu ua dioceses, uas nyob rau hauv lem muaj cov xeev. Cov qauv pej xeem tag nrho coincided nrog lub tsev teev ntuj ib. Lub sijhawm ntawd, tus archbishop yog tus npis sov ntawm lub diocese, nws kuj hu ua exarch (hauv Latin - lub vicar). Cov qeb no sawv nyob rau hauv hierarchy tom qab yawg koob - lub taub hau ntawm lub prefecture, tab sis siab tshaj lub nroog. Tab sis nyob rau sab hnub tuaj teb chaws Ottoman nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Byzantine era, Ameslikas nyob rau hauv lub patriarchy ntawm Constantinople, lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus archbishop coj mus rau lub thib ob lub ntsiab lus. Lo lus no tau pib hu ua npis sov, uas cov cheeb tsam tau nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cheeb tsam ntawm lub nroog, tab sis raug tshem tawm ntawm lub tuam tsev ncaj qha ntawm lub nroog nws tus kheej thiab pauv mus rau subordination ntawm yawg suab. Tsis tas li ntawd, archbishop pib coj qhov chaw qis dua hauv lub diptych tshaj lub nroog. Thaum kawg, lub meej mom no tau ua qhov txawv ntawm tus npis sov nws tus kheej thiab tsis cuam tshuam nrog ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm txoj cai piv rau cov npis sov xwb.
In the Orthodox Russian Church
Hauv Orthodoxy, muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb ntawm sab ntsuj plig, xws li Archbishop Lukas, uas tau los ua ib tug neeg raug tsim txom ntawm Stalinist repressions rau nws txoj kev ntseeg. Qhov thib ob primate ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox Church, Metropolitan Leonty, uas yog ib feem ntawm Patriarchate ntawm Constantinople, feem ntau kuj hu ua ib tug archbishop. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, kiag li tag nrho cov primates nyob rau hauv Russia twb hu ua metropolitans. Nyob rau hauv Russia, archbishop yog ib lub npe uas yog tshwj xeeb honorary thiab tsistsis cuam tshuam nrog lwm txoj haujlwm tswj hwm thiab lub hwj chim ntxiv rau cov xwm txheej ntawm tus npisov. Pib los ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum ob, lo lus no tau pib hu ua tus tswv ntawm Novgorod. Tom qab ntawd lub npe no tau muab rau cov npis sov ntawm lwm lub tsev teev ntuj: Krutitsy, Kazan, Rostov thiab lwm tus. Archbishop Lukas kuj tau txais qib no rau nws cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb rau lub Koom Txoos thaum lub sijhawm nyuaj.
Nyob hauv ntiaj teb no
Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, archbishop yog lub taub hau ntawm lub Koom Txoos autocephalous. Nrog rau cov yawg koob, lo lus no yog hais txog cov primates ntawm Constantinople (tus archbishop ntawm New Rome - Constantinople), archbishop ntawm Tbilisi thiab Mtsekhit (Georgian Church), archbishop ntawm Pech (Serbian Church) thiab Bucharest (Romanian Church). Cov primates ntawm lub Koom Txoos autonomous ntawm Finland thiab Sinai, raws li zoo raws li lub semi-autonomous lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Crete, muaj npe nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev. Raws li cov kev lig kev cai tsim nyob rau hauv Russia, qib ntawm archbishop yog ib tug Honorary txawv thiab yog qis dua lub npe ntawm lub nroog. Qhov xwm txheej zoo ib yam hauv Yeluxalees thiab Georgian Lub Koom Txoos. Nyob rau hauv autonomous thiab autocephalous Churches, lub npe ntawm archbishop tej zaum yuav hnav raws li ib tug qeb raws li lub nroog, uas yog, ib tug thib ob. Hauv cov tsev teev ntuj Bulgarian thiab Alexandrian, lub meej mom no tsis tuaj yeem ua ke.
