Zverinets monastery, Kyiv: chaw nyob, duab thiab keeb kwm

Cov txheej txheem:

Zverinets monastery, Kyiv: chaw nyob, duab thiab keeb kwm
Zverinets monastery, Kyiv: chaw nyob, duab thiab keeb kwm

Video: Zverinets monastery, Kyiv: chaw nyob, duab thiab keeb kwm

Video: Zverinets monastery, Kyiv: chaw nyob, duab thiab keeb kwm
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Anonim

Txij thaum ub, lub peev ntawm Ukraine tau nto moo rau nws cov tuam tsev thiab cov tsev teev ntuj, nyiam cov neeg taug kev los ntawm txhua qhov chaw. Muaj coob tus hais tias lub nroog, uas yog "cim nrog tus ntiv tes ntawm Vajtswv" thiab cia permeated nrog cov ntseeg Vajtswv, coj ib tug neeg muaj kev sib haum xeeb thiab tranquility. Golden domes ntawm Kyiv ntau lub tsev teev ntuj nyiam lub qhov muag, xav tsis thoob thiab bewitching tourists, thiab cov ntaub ntawv architectural ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev pe hawm muab kev zoo siab tiag tiag.

Zverinets monastery
Zverinets monastery

Nyob hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog, ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb yog nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb no-nto moo cathedrals xws li Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, uas yog thawj lub tsev teev ntuj ntseeg hauv Russia, thiab St. Sophia Cathedral. Lub koom haum architectural ntawm thawj cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi xav tsis thoob nrog nws txoj kev zoo nkauj, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov thib ob koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab frescoes tshwj xeeb uas rov qab mus rau xyoo pua kaum ib. Ob lub tsev teev ntuj no raug suav hais tias yog UNESCO World Heritage Site. Kyiv tseem hu ua "Lub nroog Yeluxalees ntawm Lavxias teb sab av". Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev qhia cov kev paub sab hauv tshaj plaws uas Orthodox kev paub thaum lawv tau ntsib nrog cov chaw dawb huv ntawm lub nroog qub. Tab sis tsis tsuas yog lub Kiev-Pechersk Lavra los yog St. Sophia Cathedral yog nto moo rau lub peev ntawm Ukraine, tab sis ib zaug rau Kievan Rus. Muaj ntau ntau lub tuam tsev thiab cov tsev teev ntuj uas sib npaug sib npaug uas txhua tus neeg tuaj ntawm no yuav tsum pom. Thiab ib tug ntawm lawv yog Zverinets monastery nyob rau hauv Kyiv.

Yuav ua li cas mus txog qhov ntawd

Cov neeg uas txiav txim siab los tshawb txog qhov kev nyiam no ntawm lawv tus kheej tuaj yeem ncav cuag nws los ntawm Michurina Street - mus rau ntu 20 thiab 22. Tom qab hla lub rooj vag, koj yuav tsum nce mus rau lub qhov rooj hlau. Ntawm qhov nkag mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj Zverinets, koj yuav tsum hu thiab tos cov lus qhia. Koj tuaj yeem mus rau nws los ntawm Botanical Garden, tuaj txog ntawm trolleybus No. 14 lossis tsheb npav 62 thiab 62K los ntawm Pecherskaya metro chaw nres tsheb. Koj yuav tsum tau tawm ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb "Bolsunivsky Street". Yog tias koj mus los ntawm metro, koj yuav tsum tau tawm ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb Druzhby Narodiv. Los ntawm nws mus rau Zverinets Monastery hauv Kyiv, nws qhov chaw nyob yog Michurin Street 20-22, tuaj yeem ncav cuag ko taw hauv kaum tsib feeb xwb.

Rau qhov kev mloog ntawm pawg neeg taug kev tuaj txog ntawm lub npav: nyob ze ntawm lub tuam tsev, txoj kev hla thiab tig tsheb nrog qhov ntev ntawm ntau tshaj cuaj meters yog qhov nyuaj heev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua los nres qhov chaw ntawm Strutinsky Street thiab, tau nce txoj kev. Michurin, taug kev mus rau lub qhov tsua complex.

Zverinets Monastery Kyiv
Zverinets Monastery Kyiv

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Zverinets monastery hauv Kyiv yog nyob rau hauv thaj chaw keeb kwm ntawm lub peev ntawm Ukraine nrog tib lub npe. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm archaeological monuments ntawm lub teb chaws tseem ceeb rau lub teb chaws. Zverinets qhov tsua monastery muaj ib txhiab xyoo keeb kwm. Nws yogmuab zais rau hauv lub qhov taub uas nyob rau sab xis ntawm tus dej Dnieper. Tib neeg tau kawm txog lub neej ntawm lub tuam tsev zoo kawg nkaus thiab tshwj xeeb no yuav luag ib puas xyoo dhau los. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov lus zais uas thaum ub Zverinets Monastery hauv Kyiv hides tseem tsis tau nthuav tawm.

References hais tias ib tug dawb huv monastery nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no, cov kws tshawb fawb pom nyob rau hauv lub annals ntawm lub Red Court, uas tus tub ntawm Yaroslav lub Wise Vsevolod nyob. Lub npe "Menagerie", raws li cov kws sau keeb kwm, yog txuam nrog thaj chaw ntoo uas tus huab tais no yos hav zoov. Nws kuj tseem paub tias nyob rau xyoo 1096-1097 ntawm peb lub sijhawm, raws li kev tawm tsam ntawm nomads, lub tsev teev ntuj raug rhuav tshem ntawm no. Kev txiav txim los ntawm tib neeg cov pob txha pom nyob rau hauv cov hlwb hauv av, ob tus txiv plig thiab cov neeg nyob hauv zos tau nkaum hauv cov qhov tsua hauv av thaum muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm Mongol-Tatars, qhov chaw uas lawv cov neeg tawm tsam feem ntau pom lawv thiab ua rau lawv ciaj sia.

Lub tsev teev ntuj tau ua qhov chaw nkaum thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm cov ntawv sau pom los ntawm archaeologists ntawm phab ntsa, hnub tim 1941. Tam sim no, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub revived skete ntawm lub qhov tsua ntawm tib lub npe, lub tsev so txiv neej Zverinets Monastery ua hauj lwm ntawm no. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 2009. Xya tus neeg nyob hauv nws: tsib tug txiv plig thiab ob tug novice.

Zverinets monastery Kyiv yuav ua li cas kom tau
Zverinets monastery Kyiv yuav ua li cas kom tau

History

Nyob rau xyoo 1888, cov lus tau tshwm sim hauv ib qho ntawm Ukrainian ntawv xov xwm, uas tau hais tias nyob rau kaum ob ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj ntawm tib lub xyoo ib lub qhov tsua tau pom, nyob ib sab ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Trinity Monastery ntawm Menagerie. Nws tshwm sim heev los ntawm kev huam yuaj. Cov neeg ua pov thawj pom, raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau los, tau hais tias tau hnov lub suab nrov tsis txaus ntseeg tau hnov, thiab tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau lub qhov tsua qhib. Theodosia Matvienko tau los ua thawj tus qhua rau lub tsev teev ntuj tshiab. Tus poj niam pious no nyob tsis deb ntawm qhov chaw no. Lub zeem muag tuaj rau nws ntau zaus hauv npau suav: zaj sawv ntawm ib qho kawg tau so raws nraim hauv qhov chaw uas lub qhov tsua tsis ua haujlwm.

Tom qab kawm txog qhov kev tshawb pom, Feodosia yog thawj zaug nqes mus. Hauv qhov ua tsis tiav, nws pom ntau tus tib neeg seem. Qee tus ntawm lawv tau faus rau hauv cov niches tshwj xeeb, thaum tus so tau tawg mus rau tag nrho qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov tsua, thiab nyob rau hauv ntau txoj haujlwm - pom tseeb, txoj kev tuag pom lawv. Theodosia thov kom cov kwv tij ntawm lub Koom Txoos Dawb Huv Trinity ua ib qho kev nco txog rau cov neeg uas nws pom tuag hauv lub qhov tsua tshiab. Tom qab mloog nws zaj dab neeg, cov txiv plig, nrog rau koob hmoov ntawm tus abbot ntawm lub monastery, tus laus archimandrite Jonah, mus rau tus kheej mus xyuas lub qhov tsua.

Nyob rau hauv nws, nrog rau ntau tus tib neeg seem, lawv pom cov khoom ntawm cov khaub ncaws monastic, crosses, paramans, tawv cassock siv, cov tais diav hauv tsev teev ntuj thiab tais diav. Tag nrho cov no pom tau hais tias tsis yog tib neeg faus neeg random tau pom nyob rau hauv qhov ua tsis tiav, tab sis yog ib qho ntawm lub qhov tsua monasteries uas lub nroog Kiev tau nto moo ntev.

Zverinets monastery timetable
Zverinets monastery timetable

Amazing discovery

Nws nyob ntawm no pom ib daim duab tshwj xeeb ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig, hu ua "Zverinets", tau pom. Hauv nws daim ntawv, nws zoo ib yam li schematicib daim duab ntawm tib neeg lub cev, vim ntxiv rau lub hauv paus ntawm ob txoj kab hla uas peb paub, nws kuj muaj ob … "sab ceg"

Nyob ntev, txog xyoo 1912, Zverinets Monastery tsis tuaj yeem tshawb nrhiav. Qhov tseeb yog tias lub sijhawm ntawd nws thaj chaw tau muab pov tseg ntawm Artillery Department, yog li tsis muaj nyiaj faib rau nws txoj kev kawm. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau nrhiav ib tus neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb uas xav tau nyiaj txiag rau kev tshawb fawb. Thiab hmoov zoo, muaj ib tug. Nws tau los ua tub huabtais Vladimir Zhevakhov. Nws, tau yuav thaj av dhau qhov tsis ua tiav, tau txais kev tso cai los ntawm tsoomfwv nroog kom khawb hauv qhov tsua.

Xyoo 1912, pib ua haujlwm. Lawv tau coj los ntawm ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Lub Koom Haum rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Ancient Monuments ntawm Kyiv Alexander Ertel. Zhevakhov nws tus kheej tsuas yog saib cov haujlwm thiab nyiaj txiag nws.

xyoo ntawm Soviet hwj chim

Yuav luag tam sim ntawd, lub qhov tsua tau los ua qhov chaw pilgrimage. Cov neeg coob coob, sib sau ua ke ntawm qhov nkag mus rau lawv, xav nkag mus rau hauv lub qub tsev teev ntuj Zverinets. Lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua yuav tsum tau hloov tas li, txij li qhov ntws ntawm cov neeg taug kev txwv tsis pub cov kws tshawb fawb ua haujlwm. Cov neeg tuaj ntawm no tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kev kawm, mus txog rau peb caug. Coob leej ntawm pilgrims nres tuaj ntawm no tsuas yog tom qab kev puas tsuaj thiab kev tsim txom ntawm lub hwj chim Soviet pib. Nyob rau hauv 1933, tus rector ntawm lub skate, Archimandrite Filaret, raug tua, thiab nyob rau hauv 1934, lub Zverinets monastery nws tus kheej raug kaw, thiab tom qab nws lub tsev tau tawg. Kev nkag mus rau lub qhov tsua tau qhib dua tsuas yog tom qab cuaj caum xyoo dhau los.

Nkauj ntseeg vaj tswv

Thaum xyoo 1993 cov kws tshaj lijtshuaj xyuas cov relics pom nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsua, lawv tuaj mus rau lub xaus hais tias lub tom kawg yog nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum mus rau kaum ob centuries. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau pom tias tag nrho cov neeg uas lawv seem tau txheeb xyuas tau raug kev txom nyem thaum lawv lub neej xws li cov kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev los ntawm kev nyob ntev hauv qhov txias thiab ntub dej. Qhov no yog lwm qhov pov thawj tias cov hauj sam tau nkaum ntawm no. Nyob rau hauv 1997, lub skete ntawm lub Nativity ntawm lub Virgin twb revived ntawm no, thiab twb nyob rau hauv 2009, lub Archangel-Mikhailovsky Zverinets Monastery tau tsim los ntawm nws lub hauv paus. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov kev pabcuam tau ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm no. Txhua tus neeg uas xav ua kev mus ncig rau lub qhov tsua thiab, ntawm chav kawm, mus xyuas Zverinets monastery. Lub sij hawm ntawm kev pab cuam muaj nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev los yog nyob rau hauv lub official lub website ntawm lub tuam tsev.

Zverinets qhov tsua monastery
Zverinets qhov tsua monastery

Unique nrhiav

Thaum cov chaw hauv av tau raug tshem tawm, pom ib lub cim qub qub ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv tau pom hauv ib lub hlwb. Nws zoo li lub cim no tau koom nrog Metropolitan, uas tau coj los ntawm Korsun los ntawm Prince Vladimir rau kev cai raus dej ntawm Russia. Cov kws tshawb fawb paub tias nws yog neeg Syrian. Metropolitan Michael ua kev cai raus dej rau cov neeg ntawm Kiev thiab nws yog heev tau hais tias nws yog tus tsim lub Zverinets monastery nyob rau hauv Kyiv. Cov duab coj los ntawm cov neeg sau keeb kwm thaum lub sijhawm excavations qhia tau hais tias lub qhov tsua monastery tau raug puas tsuaj los ntawm Polovtsy lossis Tatars. Ntau qhov seem tau pom ncaj qha ntawm qhov nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov tsua thiab hauv cov kab ke. Thaj, cov invaders, tau poob kev cia siab, tsuas yog bombarded nws.

Kev txhawb siab ntawm lub tuam tsev pib tam sim tom qab tsov rog. qhov tsuatau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm monument ntawm archaeology. Thaum kawg ntawm lub nineties ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, cov hauj lwm ntawm lub Ioninsky Monastery rov pib dua kev pe hawm nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsua lub tsev teev ntuj, uas yog lub Zverinets Monastery nyob rau hauv Kyiv. Ib daim duab ntawm cov duab zoo kawg nkaus ntawm tib lub npe, pom nyob rau hauv lub qhov taub, tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm. Cov ntawv xov xwm no poob rau hauv tes ntawm cov pov thawj ntawm ib lub zos nyob ze Kyiv. Nrog kev xav tsis thoob, tus pov thawj pom ntawm nws lub cim nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej uas nws niaj hnub thov Vajtswv. Xyoo 2000, daim duab txuj ci tseem ceeb tau rov qab los rau lub Koom Txoos Trinity ntawm Ioninsky Monastery.

Zverinets monastery: lub sijhawm ntawm kev pabcuam

Txij li lub sijhawm tsis nco txog, nws tau ntseeg tias qhov chaw uas Zverinets qhov tsua nyob yog ib qho chaw dawb huv tshaj plaws rau Ukraine thiab Russia. Thiab txawm hais tias nrog kev tsim kho hauv av hauv St. Michael lossis Vydubytsky lub tuam tsev, ib feem ntawm cov kwv tij tau tso lawv cov hlwb hauv av, thiab lub tsev teev ntuj hauv av nws tus kheej raug rhuav tshem los ntawm Tatar-Mongol invaders thiab tsis nco qab txog yuav luag yim puas xyoo., niaj hnub no lawv tseem nyiam cov pilgrims uas tuaj ntawm no los ntawm thoob plaws peb lub teb chaws loj. Lawv tau ntxim nyiam heev los ntawm qhov zoo kawg nkaus Zverinets monastery hauv Kyiv nrog nws cov keeb kwm thiab paub tsis meej.

Lub sijhawm ntawm cov kev pabcuam uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tuam tsev tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntawm lub vev xaib raug cai ntawm lub tuam tsev. Hnub Sunday thaum 7.15 teev sawv ntxov, thiab hnub ua haujlwm thaum 6.30 teev sawv ntxov, Lub Chaw Haujlwm Ib tag hmo nyob ntawm no. Koj yuav tsum tuaj rau Small Compline thaum 17.00. Thanksgiving liturgy muaj nyob rau hauv Cave Church hnub Saturday thaum 7.00 teev sawv ntxov. Hnub Sunday, Vespers thiab Akathist tau txais kev pabcuam tib lub sijhawm. Archangel Michael.

Zverinets monastery teem sijhawm ntawm kev pabcuam
Zverinets monastery teem sijhawm ntawm kev pabcuam

Zverinetsky (Arkhangelo-Mikhailovsky) Monastery hnub no yog ib qho chaw loj heev. Nyob rau hauv nws thaj chaw muaj ib lub qhov tsua lub tsev teev ntuj fij tseg nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm lub Miracle ntawm lub Archangel Michael, lub rooj vag tsev teev ntuj thiab lub Cathedral ntawm lub Icon ntawm leej niam ntawm Vajtswv. Cov kev pabcuam Vajtswv tau tuav ob qho tib si hauv av thiab hauv av, uas yog ib feem ntawm Zverinets monastery complex. Lub sijhawm ntawm cov kev pabcuam, nrog rau cov npe ntawm txhua lub tsev teev ntuj hnub so, tuaj yeem pom ntawm nws lub vev xaib raug cai.

Shrines

Lub tsev teev ntuj Zverinets thaum ub yog qhov txaus siab rau cov neeg kawm tsis yog rau nws keeb kwm zoo kawg nkaus. Kuj tseem muaj ntau yam relics dawb ceev. Ntawm lawv muaj xws li venerated icons xws li cov duab ntawm leej niam ntawm Vajtswv "Zverinetskaya", "Kev xyiv fab ntawm txhua tus neeg uas tu siab", "Hnub Hearing". Ntawm no yog cov relics ntawm tag nrho cov venerable txiv ntawm Zverinetskys.

Tourist information

Zverinetsky qhov tsua hauv av yog tsim los ntawm peb qhov chaw-txoj kev: Altarnaya, Pam tuag (Nameless burials) thiab Nameless (unexplored burials). Cells, nrog rau cov pab pawg crypts, yog tag nrho nrog cov laug cam kom muaj kev nyab xeeb. Lawv tiv thaiv kev ntog. Cov phab ntsa thiab qhov chaw ntawm Pokhoronnaya Street tau lined nrog cib ob peb xyoos dhau los. Saum toj no ib feem ntawm lub hauv av yog nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tuam tsev.

Txoj kev ntev ntawm txoj kev yog li ntawm ib puas thiab tsib caug meters. Lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb kiag li rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi tuaj xyuas. Nyob rau sab laug ntawm qhov kawg ntawm txoj kev Altarnaya muaj ib qho chaw nrog kev faus neeg, kos npe rau hauv lub npe ntawm Theodore Kaleka, nyob rau sab xis muaj ib lub xov tooj ntawm tes. Andronicus Qhov tsua. Nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev saum lub thaj, ib daim ntawv teev cov yim abbots ntawm Zverinetsky yog carved nyob rau hauv pob zeb: Leonty (tus tsim ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj), Markian, Mikhail (tom qab Npis Sov ntawm Yuryevsky), Sophronius, Mina (tom qab Npis Sov ntawm Polotsk), Clement, Manuel thiab Lazarus.

Zverinets monastery Kyiv duab
Zverinets monastery Kyiv duab

Cov neeg ncig teb chaws tuaj yeem sib txuas nrog lub neej ntawm cov neeg qub qub ntawm lub tuam tsev lub qhov tsua no. Cov hauj sam tau pw hauv cov phab ntsa nqaim, thiab cov av nplaum ua yeeb yam ua lub hauv ncoo rau lawv. Cov neeg nyob hauv lub rooj noj mov, uas yog qhov chaw du ntawm lub qhov tsua. Lub menagerie cov hauj sam faus lawv cov kwv tij heev: lawv tsuas muab ib tug neeg rau hauv av nruab nrab ntawm ob lub rooj tsavxwm, ces txo tus thib ob ntawm lub cev ntawm thawj, thiab ces tus thib peb. Cov pob txha pob txha twb yellowed los ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg nrog pob zeb yog pom los ntawm qab cov tuav nyob rau hauv lub nqaim qhov ntawm lub qhov taub. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov hlab ntsha ceramic, uas tib neeg pob txha taub hau saib tawm. Nyob rau hauv lub ntxa niche qhov twg Abbot Clement raug faus, lawv pom ib tug me me hlau icon. Nws tau them nrog dawb enamel, uas yuav tsum tiv thaiv cov hlau los ntawm corrosion. Lub cim qhia txog cov duab ntawm Theotokos Hodegetria. Tom qab ntawd, tib neeg pom tias nws yog txuj ci tseem ceeb thiab kho tau cov kab mob. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov relics ntawm Michael, lub nroog Metropolitan, uas, raws li twb tau hais lawm, tau tshoov Tub Vaj Ntxwv Vladimir kom ua kev cai raus dej Kievan Rus.

Npaj qhov tseeb

Lawv hais tias tus neeg pab nyiaj txiag Zhevakhov, uas tau txais nyiaj txiag rau kev khawb, nkaum hauv Zverinetsky qhov tsua tom qab kev hloov pauv. Muaj tseeb, tom qab ntawd nws raug ntes thiab siv xya lub hlis hauv ib qho ntawm Kyivtsev lojcuj. Tom qab tawm hauv qhov chaw raug kaw, Zhevakhov los ua ib tug hauj sam, thiab nyob rau hauv 1926 - ib tug npis sov. Xyoo 1937 nws raug ntes los ntawm NKVD. Ob peb hlis tom qab, Zhevakhov raug tua vim tawm tsam tsoomfwv.

Ntau cov lus dab neeg thiab dab neeg tau tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm lub qhov tsua hauv av. Ntawm chav kawm, nws yuav zoo li tsis ntseeg tias qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub hwj chim no tsuas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm geophysical zoo tib yam: supposedly lub rumble yuav yog los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej, thiab zaj sawv yog tshwm sim los ntawm lub refraction ntawm lub teeb. Txawm li cas los xij, ob qho tib si pilgrims thiab ntau tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws nyiam tuaj ntawm no meej txhawm rau kom muaj peev xwm hnov qhov zoo nkauj aura uas lub thaj neeb no muaj. Muaj lus hais tias ntawm no, hauv lub pavilions ntawm Menagerie toj, lub tsev qiv ntawv legendary uas yog Yaroslav the Wise kuj tuaj yeem muab zais.

Pom zoo: