Daim duab ntawm nkauj xwb yog qhov kev hwm tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntseeg. Tab sis lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hlub nws nyob rau hauv Russia. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XII, ib tug tshiab lub tsev teev ntuj hnub so - lub Intercession ntawm lub Virgin. Lub cim nrog nws daim duab tau dhau los ua lub thaj neeb tseem ceeb ntawm ntau lub tsev teev ntuj. Lub Blessed Virgin pib suav hais tias yog tus patroness thiab tiv thaiv ntawm Russia. Novgorod icon ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv "Tenderness" yog ib daim qauv ntawm cov duab Byzantine, pleev xim rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua no.
Nyob rau xyoo pua 14th, Moscow thaum kawg tau los ua qhov chaw ntawm Orthodoxy nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab Assumption Cathedral nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd tau txais lub npe "Lub Tsev ntawm tus nkauj xwb".
Keeb kwm ntawm iconography
Thawj cov dluab ntawm Vajtswv Leej Niam yog ntaus nqi los ntawm historians rau thaum pib ntawm peb era. Nyob rau hauv catacombs ntawm Priscila, scenes nrog dluab ntawm lub Virgin tau pom, uas hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 2nd. Cov duab ntawm Blessed Virgin thaum kaj ntug ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv tau siv rau cov hlab ntsha. Xws li ampoules, decorated nrog biblical scenes, tau nthuav tawm ib ncig ntawm 600 rau Lombard huab tais Theodelinda.
Thawj renderings of the Blessed Virgin
Nyob rau hauv 431, Pawg Neeg Ephesus pom zoo rau Maivliag txoj cai nyob mus ib txhis hu ua Vajtswv Leej Niam. Tom qab qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb no, Icons tshwm simNiam ntawm Vajtswv nyob rau hauv peb daim ntawv ib txwm. Ntau cov duab los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau muaj sia nyob. Ntawm lawv, Virgin Mary feem ntau tshwm sim zaum ntawm lub zwm txwv nrog tus menyuam hauv nws txhais tes.
Cov duab ntawm Vajtswv Leej Niam kuj pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov mosaics thaum ntxov uas dai cov pawg ntseeg qub. Cov no suav nrog:
- Lub tsev teev ntuj Roman ntawm Santa Maggiore (hnub tim 5 xyoo pua);
- 7th caug xyoo lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Panagia Angeloktista, nyob rau hauv Cyprus.
Tab sis cov neeg pleev kob los ntawm Constantinople muaj peev xwm muab cov duab no sib haum xeeb tshwj xeeb. Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Hagia Sophia yog nto moo rau nws cov mosaics ntawm lub 9th-12th centuries, nyob rau hauv uas muaj ntau hom iconography ntawm lub Virgin. Byzantium yog qhov chaw yug ntawm cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm Blessed Virgin. Ib qho ntawm cov cim no tau coj mus rau Russia. Tom qab ntawd nws tau hu ua Vladimirskaya thiab tau los ua tus qauv ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox icon painting. Novgorod icon ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv "Tenderness" yog, raws li twb tau hais lawm, ib daim qauv ntawm Byzantine icon.
Types of Virgin Icons
Hauv iconography, 4 pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab ntawm Blessed Virgin yog qhov txawv raws li lub tswv yim tseem ceeb:
- "Omen" (tus qauv luv luv hu ua "Oranta"). Hom iconographic no suav hais tias yog cov nplua nuj tshaj plaws hauv cov ntsiab lus theological. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm no yog Incarnation.
- "Hodegetria", uas txhais tau tias "Qhia" hauv Greek.
- "Tenderness" - lub npe los ntawm Greek "eleus" ("kev hlub tshua").
- Hom plaub yog lub npe hu ua Akathist. Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm cov cim zoo li no yog kev qhuas ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv. Cov duab nomuaj ntau haiv neeg.
Iconographic hom "Omen"
Nyob rau qhov kawg ntawm pab pawg no, tus Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv yog tus sawv cev ua kev thov Vajtswv. Piav qhia txog kev loj hlob los yog lub duav. Lub hauv siab ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Khetos yog ib qho khoom plig nrog tus Cawm Seej tsis tau yug los. Lub cim ntawm kev thov Vajtswv Leej Niam yog lub cim qhia txog kev xav tsis zoo ntawm Tswv Yexus, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm leej niam thiab tus Me Nyuam Dawb Huv. Hom no suav nrog Yaroslavl Oranta, Kursk Root, Novgorod "Sign". Oranta yog ib qho yooj yim version ntawm cov cim, uas Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv tau nthuav tawm yam tsis muaj menyuam yaus thiab yog lub cim ntawm pawg ntseeg.
Lub Hodegetria icon painting
Ntau hom duab nkauj xwb. Xws li cov cim ntawm nkauj xwb thiab Me Nyuam embody lub tswv yim hais tias Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv coj peb txoj kev ntseeg, rau Tswv Yexus. Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv yog qhia txog pem hauv ntej lub xub pwg-ntev lossis lub duav-ntev, qee zaum hauv kev loj hlob. Nws tuav ib tug me nyuam rau hauv ib txhais tes thiab taw rau Yexus nrog rau lwm tus. Qhov kev piav tes piav taw no muaj lub ntsiab lus tob. Leej niam ntawm Vajtswv zoo li qhia txoj kev tseeb - rau Vajtswv, rau kev ntseeg.
Tswv Yexus foom koob hmoov rau leej niam ntawm ib sab tes, thiab nrog nws cov neeg ncaj ncees. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tuav ib phau ntawv, unfolded los yog folded scroll. Tsawg zaus - orb thiab scepter. Cov cim nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv ntawm hom no yog: Smolensk, Iverskaya, Tikhvinskaya, Petrovskaya, Kazanskaya.
Iconography ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv "Tenderness"
Cov duab zoo li no yog zaj nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm cov uas piav txog Leej Niam thiab tus me nyuam puag nws caj dab. cov duab ntawm niam thiab menyuamCov cim ntawm Tswv Yexus thiab lub Koom Txoos ntawm Khetos.
Ib yam ntawm hom no yog "Dhia". Ntawm no tus me nyuam yog pleev xim rau hauv ib lub freer pose, nrog ib txhais tes nws kov lub ntsej muag ntawm tus nkauj xwb.
Nyob hauv cov duab zoo li no, Maivliag koob hmoov yog lub cim tsis yog ntawm kev ua niam, tab sis ntawm tus ntsuj plig nyob ze Vajtswv. Kev sib ntsib ntawm ob lub ntsej muag yog Khetos thiab lub Koom Txoos ntawm Khetos, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ntiaj teb thiab saum ntuj ceeb tsheej.
Tseem muaj ntau yam ntawm hom no - Mammal Feeder. Ntawm cov cim no, Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv pub niam mis rau menyuam. Qhov no yog li cas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntawm cov ntseeg yog lub cim qhia.
Volokolamsk, Vladimir, Yaroslavl icons ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv yog cov hom duab ntawm cov duab dawb huv.
"Akathist" icons ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv
Cov duab ntawm hom no feem ntau muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb, tab sis muaj cov ntsiab lus ntxiv thiab cov ntsiab lus. Hauv iconography, lawv suav nrog cov cim xws li "Hlawv Bush", Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv - "Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Zeeg", Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv - "Mount Unhandled".
Ostrabramskaya-Vilna, "Softener ntawm lub siab phem" - tsis tshua muaj icons ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv, nyob rau hauv uas nws yog depicted tsis muaj ib tug me nyuam. Feem ntau lawv kuj raug hu ua "Akathist". Ib tug ntawm lawv, Seraphim-Diveevo icon "Tenderness" ntawm tus Dawb Huv Theotokos, yog ib tug nyiam duab ntawm Seraphim ntawm Sarov, canonized tom qab tuag. Tus pov thawj nws tus kheej hu nws tias "Kev xyiv fab ntawm txhua yam kev xyiv fab" thiab siv nws los kho cov neeg tuaj cuag nws kom pab. Thiab tom qab ntawd, ua ntej lub ntsej muag no, nws tau ncaim mus rau lwm lub ntiaj teb.
Canons ntawm icon painting ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv,symbol meaning
Raws li kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Orthodox, cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no yog siv los piav txog cov khaub ncaws ntawm nkauj xwb: lub tsho xiav, lub kaus mom xiav thiab cov paj ntoo ntawm nws lub taub hau, txwv tsis pub hu ua "maforium". Txhua qhov nthuav dav muaj nws lub ntsiab lus. Peb lub hnub qub golden nyob rau hauv maphoria yog lub cim peb lub cim ntawm kev xav tsis meej, yug thiab tuag, ciam teb rau nws yog lub cim ntawm kev qhuas. Lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib nws tus kheej yog leej niam, koom nrog Vajtswv, xim xiav ntawm khaub ncaws - nkauj xwb.
Tseem paub tias muaj kev ua txhaum cai. Qhov no yog siv los ntawm cov neeg pleev kob icon los hais txog qee yam nta. Piv txwv li, kom hais txog qhov purity, Virginity ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv, lawv depict nws nyob rau hauv ib tug xiav robe. Peb Poj Niam ntawm Akhtyrskaya tsuas yog qhov kev xaiv.
Sau Blessed Virgin yam tsis muaj maforia kuj suav tias yog kev ua txhaum ntawm pawg ntseeg canons.
Raws li kev cai Orthodox, txawm tias lub kaus mom, lub cim ntawm lub nceeg vaj, feem ntau yog piav qhia saum lub rooj tsavxwm. Nov yog qhov novodvorskaya thiab Kholmovskaya icons tau pleev xim rau. Lub crown ntawm tus nkauj xwb lub taub hau tuaj rau Eastern Christian icon painting los ntawm Western teb chaws Europe, nyob rau hauv lub thaum ntxov dluab ntawm leej niam ntawm Vajtswv lub taub hau tsuas yog them los ntawm maforium.
Russian kab lig kev cai nyob rau hauv iconography ntawm leej niam ntawm Vajtswv
Daim duab ntawm Blessed Virgin ntawm lub zwm txwv yog ntau dua ntawm cov duab Italo-Greek. Kev sau ntawv ntawm poj huab tais saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, zaum ntawm lub zwm txwv lossis hauv kev loj hlob tag nrho, hauv tebchaws Russia tau siv ntau hauv cov ntawv sau: hauv frescoes lossis ntawm iconostases.
Icon painters, ntawm qhov tod tes, nyiam ib nrab-ntev lossis lub xub pwg-ntev duab ntawm poj huab tais saum ntuj ceeb tsheej ntau dua. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, renditions tau tsim uas tau nkag siab ntau dua thiab nyob ze rau lub siab. HauvMuaj ntau txoj hauv kev, qhov no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm lub cim hauv tebchaws Russia: nws yog ob qho tib si lub neej tus khub, lub thaj neeb, daim duab thov Vajtswv, thiab tsev neeg tus nqi uas tau dhau los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam. Tsis muaj qhov xav tsis thoob uas cov neeg pom tias Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv yog tus intercessor uas muaj peev xwm txo tau qhov kev npau taws ntawm Tus Kws Txiav Txim Siab phem. Ntxiv mus, qhov loj dua daim duab thiab ntau "thov Vajtswv", nws muaj hwj chim ntau dua.
Ntau lub cim hauv cov tsev ntawm cov ntseeg thiab pawg ntseeg yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm thaj av Lavxias. Ntau tus niam ntawm Vajtswv cov duab raug suav hais tias yog txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm no, uas tau lees paub los ntawm ntau zaj lus tim khawv.
Vajtswv Leej Niam yog tim khawv thiab koom nrog keeb kwm Lavxias
Keeb kwm ntawm Russia tau nrog cov cim ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv tau ntau pua xyoo, qhov tseem ceeb uas tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees ntau dhau. Ib qho piv txwv me me yog lub cim Feodorovskaya:
- Xyoo 1239, ua li no, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Yaroslav tau foom koob hmoov rau nws tus tub Alexander kom yuav poj huab tais Paraskevna. Lub cim no nrog Alexander nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov phiaj xwm tub rog. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm Vajtswv Leej Niam uas St. Alexander coj monastic vows.
- Xyoo 1613, ua ntej daim duab no, Mikhail Romanov, hu rau lub nceeg vaj los ntawm Zemsky Sobor, txais lub zwm txwv Lavxias. Theodorovskaya Niam ntawm Vajtswv tau los ua tim khawv rau cov lus cog tseg ntawm kev ntseeg rau Russia, nws cov neeg thiab lub Koom Txoos Orthodox.
- Nyob rau xyoo pua 18th, txhua tus tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe ib txwm tuaj rau Kostroma kom pe hawm qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb, los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm huab tais Romanov dynasty pib.
Kev hais tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau ua ntawm Vladimir Icon ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv, pub rau Russia los ntawm PatriarchLos ntawm Constantinople los ntawm Luke Chrysoverg nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 12th. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, kev thov Vajtswv ua ntej lub cim no tau cawm Moscow los ntawm kev kov yeej ntau dua ib zaug.
Lub hwj chim ua txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv icons
Ntau cov duab ntawm Blessed Virgin Mary yog suav tias yog txuj ci tseem ceeb. Lawv yog inseparable ntawm lub neej ntawm cov ntseeg. Lawv nyob nrog cov neeg thiab pab kev nyuaj siab.
Qee Moscow miraculous icons ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv:
- Vladimirskaya, khaws cia hauv lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Nicholas. Nws ntseeg tau tias nws tiv thaiv Russia los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab peb zaug. Yog li ntawd, Orthodox hwm lub cim no 3 zaug hauv ib xyoos: nyob rau lub Rau Hli, Lub Xya Hli thiab Cuaj Hli.
- Lub Tikhvin icon "Tenderness" ntawm Blessed Virgin, dai lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm tib lub npe nyob rau hauv Moscow. Xyoo 1941, lub dav hlau nrog cov duab no tau ncig lub nroog peb zaug, tom qab ntawd Nazi kev tawm tsam ntawm lub nroog tau nres. Nws xav paub tias lub tsev teev ntuj no tsis tau kaw txawm nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm.
- Tus Tswv Ntuj Leej Niam, lub thaj neeb ntawm Zachatievsky Convent, uas ua rau ntau tus poj niam muaj kev zoo siab ntawm niam.
"Nrhiav tus Poob", Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv ntawm Iver, "Tshem Kuv Kev Tu Siab" - tsuas yog ib feem ntawm cov duab zoo kawg nkaus hauv Moscow ntawm Huab tais ntuj. Nws tsis tuaj yeem suav tias muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm lawv nyob hauv thaj chaw loj ntawm Russia.
Miracles ntawm Kazan Icon ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv
Daim duab no tsim nyog saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Lub cim Kazan ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv tau qhia txog qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb uas twb muaj lawm nrog nws qhov tshwm sim hauv 1579 tom qab hluav taws kub hauv nroog, thaum nws pom ntawm cov tshauv. Tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm hluav taws.
Kev kho mob ntau yam ntawm cov neeg mob, kev pab hauv kev lag luam tau muab qhov kev tsim txom no rau cov ntseeg. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm lub cim no yog txuam nrog cov ntseeg Lavxias teb sab nrog kev tiv thaiv ntawm fatherland los ntawm txawv teb chaws invaders.
Tam sim no nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich tau hais kom tsim lub teb chaws hnub so hauv nws lub meej mom. Qhov no tshwm sim tom qab kev vam meej yug ntawm tus txais txiaj ntsig rau lub zwm txwv Lavxias thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm txhua hmo hauv kev hwm ntawm Kazan Niam ntawm Vajtswv. Lub cim no tau suav tias yog kev ua koob tsheej ntawm huab tais huab tais.
Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm Kutuzov, mus rau thaj chaw sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Patriotic War ntawm 1812, tau txhos caug ua ntej lub thaj neeb no thiab thov kom nws thov. Tom qab yeej Napoleon, nws muab tag nrho cov nyiaj uas tau txais los ntawm Fab Kis ua khoom plig rau Kazan Cathedral.
Myrrh-streaming thov Vajtswv dluab ntawm Vajtswv Leej Niam
Qhov no yog ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cuam tshuam nrog cov cim. Txog tam sim no, tsis muaj lus piav qhia txog vim li cas cov cim kwj myrrh. Tab sis qhov no ib txwm tshwm sim nyob rau hnub ua ntej ntawm cov xwm txheej tragic raws li kev ceeb toom ntawm tib neeg kev txhaum thiab xav tau kev hloov siab lees txim. Qhov no tshwm sim yog dab tsi? Cov kua tsw qab zoo ib yam li myrrh tshwm rau ntawm cov duab. Nws qhov sib xws thiab xim tuaj yeem sib txawv - los ntawm cov dej khov pob tshab mus rau cov nplaum tsaus nti. Nws yog xav paub tsis yog tsuas yog cov duab sau rau ntawm tsob ntoo kwj myrrh. Qhov no tshwm sim nrog frescoes, cov duab, cov cim hlau, thiab txawm tias luam ntawv.
Thiab tej txuj ci tseem ceeb no tshwm sim tam sim no. Ntau lub kaum os Tiraspol icons pib kwj myrrh nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm 2004 txog 2008. Nws yog ib qho ceeb toomTswv hais txog cov xwm txheej ntshav ntawm Beslan, Georgia, Orange Revolution hauv Ukraine.
Ib qho ntawm cov duab no, lub cim ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv "Seven-shooter" (lwm lub npe yog "Softener of Evil Hearts"), pib tshaj tawm myrrh thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1998. Qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb no txuas ntxiv mus txog niaj hnub no.
Ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub tsev - Vaj tswv dawb huv
Nkauj ntseeg Vajtswv yuav tsum nyob hauv lub tsev ntawm cov ntseeg uas saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb ntawm nws lub tsev.
Nws ntseeg tias kev thov Vajtswv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws lub ntsej muag tiv thaiv txhua tus neeg nyob hauv tsev ntawm lub cev thiab sab ntsuj plig. Txij li thaum ancient sij hawm, nws tau raug coj los ua ib lub cim ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv saum lub qhov rooj nkag mus rau lub tsev pheeb suab thiab thov nws tiv thaiv thiab txhawb nqa. Cov niam txiv ntawm Vajtswv hlub tshaj plaws: Iverskaya, Xya-strelnaya, "Indestructible Wall", "Hlawv Bush" thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj ntau tshaj 860 lub npe ntawm lub cim ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom nco ntsoov lawv tag nrho, thiab nws tsis tsim nyog. Thaum xaiv ib daim duab thov Vajtswv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau mloog koj tus ntsuj plig thiab ua raws li nws cov lus qhia.
Tsis yog cov ntseeg zoo tib yam nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe hwm lub cim ntawm nkauj xwb. Daim duab thaij hauv chav pw ntawm Tsar Alexander lees paub qhov no.
Icons ntawm tus nkauj xwb thiab Me Nyuam muab kev nplij siab hauv kev tu siab, kev cawm dim ntawm kev mob nkeeg, kev pom ntawm sab ntsuj plig nkaus xwb rau cov uas nws thov Vajtswv tiag tiag thiab kev ntseeg tsis muaj zog. Qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov kev thov rau Blessed Virgin los ntawm lub siab dawb huv, thiab lub hom phiaj yog zoo.
Kev qhuas ntawm peb tus pojniam
Kev hlub thoob ntiaj teb ntawm Orthodox rau daim duab dawb huv no tau tshwm sim hauv ntau lub tsev teev ntuj hnub so hauv nws txoj kev hwm. Xyaum hauvTxhua lub hlis ntawm lub xyoo muaj xws li ib hnub, thiab qee zaum ob peb. Txog 260 qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm Theotokos tau hais nyob rau hauv Lavxias Orthodox daim ntawv qhia hnub.
Ib qho tseem ceeb Orthodox hnub so - Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Nkauj xwb - tau los ua lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov cim ntawm tib lub npe. Ntawm cov kev sib tham no, Blessed Virgin tau piav qhia hauv kev loj hlob tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws, nws tuav ib daim ntaub thaiv los yog tsis muaj tus duab ntawm Tswv Yexus. Pom nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lub chaw nres nkoj Arthur icon "Lub Triumph ntawm tus Dawb Huv tshaj plaws Theotokos" tau dhau los ua ib lub cim ntawm kev txhawb siab ntawm Lavxias teb sab sab ntsuj plig thiab nco txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm daim duab no nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws. Nws tau nce qib ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias.
