Tus Cawm Seej Hloov Pauv Cathedral hauv Yaroslavl: chaw nyob, sijhawm qhib, rector thiab yees duab

2024 Tus sau: Miguel Ramacey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 06:20

Lub Koom Txoos Hloov Pauv hauv Yaroslavl yog lub tsev teev ntuj loj hauv lub qub txiv neej lub tsev teev ntuj. Nws yog ib tug zoo-paub monument ntawm architecture thiab painting ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Nws tau tsim tsa hauv 1506-1516 ntawm kev coj ntawm Vasily III.

Yuav kom tsim lub Koom Txoos Hloov Pauv hauv Yaroslavl, cov kws ua haujlwm hauv Moscow los ntawm cov neeg tsim cov tsev teev ntuj hauv Moscow Kremlin raug xa mus rau lub nroog. Lub tsev teev ntuj no zaum ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 13th, tab sis poob rau hauv hluav taws nyob rau hauv 1501. Tam sim no, nws yog lub tsev pob zeb qub tshaj plaws hauv Yaroslavl.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab, Transfiguration Cathedral hauv Yaroslavl yog plaub tus ncej ntoo khaub lig-domed. Lub hauv paus yog siab heev. Los ntawm 3 sab nws yog ib puag ncig los ntawm cov chaw ua yeeb yam - qhib ob chav tsev los ntawm sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb. Nws muaj lub kaus mom zoo li lub taub hau uas ib zaug npog nrog cov hlau German dawb.

Architecture ntawm Yaroslavl Transfiguration Cathedral muaj cov cim qhia ntawm kev txiav txim. Thiab cov décor nyob rau hauv qhov chawkev tshoov siab los ntawm Renaissance motifs. Feem ntau, lub monument yog lub teeb thiab nruj. Qhov no yog heev nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm Lavxias teb sab architecture ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th.

Keeb kwm ntawm Transfiguration Monastery hauv Yaroslavl muaj ntau ntu ntawm perestroika. Nws tau rov qab los tas li, thiab cov haujlwm loj tshaj plaws ntawm qhov profile no tau ua txij li xyoo 1919. Cov txheej txheem no tau ua tiav xyoo 1957-1961 los ntawm E. Karavaeva. Qhov no tau ua tiav txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau kho qhov qub qub ntawm cov vaj tse qub qub.

Sab hauv

Cov phab ntsa tau pleev xim rau xyoo 1530-1540 los ntawm Moscow thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv zos. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog heev raug thiab succinctly khaws cia nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub Transfiguration Cathedral ntawm Yaroslavl: muaj cov ntaub ntawv rau lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv lub annals, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub hallmarks ntawm lub puab ntug ntawm lub sab hnub poob ncej. Muaj ib tug kos npe uas immortalized lub npe ntawm tus tswv rau ntau pua xyoo. Cov kwv tij Afanasy thiab Dementy Sidorov, uas tau kos npe rau ntawd, yog li tau los ua thawj cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv zos uas lawv cov npe paub rau cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv niaj hnub no.

Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog lawv kos npe lawv tsis txawj tuag lub tuam tsev lub npe. Lub sijhawm tam sim no, Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral ntawm Yaroslavl feem ntau tsuas yog Lavxias teb sab monument ntawm Grozny lub sijhawm, hnub tim kos duab thiab cov npe ntawm cov tswv uas paub.

Lub tuam tsev raug pleev xim raws li kev cai. Nyob rau hauv painting, theej siab artistic zoo, monumentality, thiab sab ntsuj plig raug sau tseg. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lub painting twb rov qab ob peb zaug. Nyob rau hauv 1700-1781 nws tau rov qab tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv 1814, painting nyob rau hauv Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral ntawm Yaroslavl tau pleev xim rau hauv roj.xim thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev hloov kho no tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Cov txheej txheem ntawm Kev Txiav Txim Kawg raug kev txom nyem, ntau lub frescoes tau ploj thaum lub sijhawm rov tsim kho.

monastery

Keeb kwm ntawm Transfiguration Monastery hauv Yaroslavl yog qhov nthuav heev. Nws nyob ntawm no tias nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th lawv pom "Lub Tale ntawm Igor lub phiaj los nqis tes" - lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws monument ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Lub monastery kuj paub cais, vim hais tias hnub ntawm nws lub hauv paus yog lub XII caug xyoo.

Yaroslavsky Transfiguration Monastery ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog. Tau ntev nws yog ib qho chaw ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab kev lag luam. Cov teb chaws uas nyob ib puag ncig tau sau ib ncig ntawm nws. Lub monastery yog tus sib tw ntawm Posada.

Nws paub tias Ivan qhov txaus ntshai feem ntau nyiam siv sijhawm ntawm no. Nws muab cov mlom hauv zos ob peb lub zos, 200 lub zos, thiab chaw nuv ntses. Nws tus tub Fedor kuj nyiam tuaj xyuas ntawm no. Feem ntau ntawm cov tsev muaj nyob ntawm no tau txhim tsa tom qab lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj nws tus kheej. Piv txwv li, cov phab ntsa ntawm no yog tsim los ntawm cov ntoo. Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVII lawv tau rebuilt nyob rau hauv pob zeb. Ces cov pej thuam tau tshwm sim.

Nyob rau xyoo pua 18th, lub tsev qiv ntawv tau nruab rau hauv lub tuam tsev thiab pib rov sau phau ntawv. Thaum kawg ntawm tib lub xyoo pua, lub nroog nyob ntawm no. Thaum lub kiv puag ncig thundered, lub Transfiguration Cathedral ntawm Yaroslavl tau khaws cia, thiab lub monastery tau hloov mus ua ib lub tsev cia puav pheej.

kev lom zem

Tseem muaj ntau yam nyob hauv cheeb tsam no. Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral ntawm Yaroslavl yog lub tsev loj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Nws cov frescoes yog qhov qub tshaj plaws monument ntawm architecture. Nws muaj ib qho iconostasis, qee qhovuas nws lub cim los ntawm lub sijhawm qub.

Muaj ntau qhov kev xav paub qub thaum ub nyob ze ntawm Transfiguration Cathedral ntawm Yaroslavl. Piv txwv li, Lub Rooj vag Dawb Huv tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas. Lawv tau tsim nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Lawv nyob ntawm lub ntsiab nkag mus rau lub monastery. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, nws yog los ntawm lawv uas ib puag ncig tau saib raws li los ntawm lub tsev saib.

Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev yog lub Refectory. Peb lub tsev sawv tawm nyob rau hauv nws - nws tus kheej, lub Koom Txoos ntawm Nativity ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, thiab lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Cov hlwb uas cov xibhwb nyob rov qab rau xyoo pua 17th tau muaj txoj sia nyob.

Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Kev Hloov Pauv hauv Yaroslavl muaj nws lub tsev cia puav pheej. Lub monastery tsis suav tias yog nquag, nws tau hloov mus rau hauv ib qho loj cia. Muaj kev coj mus ncig ua si uas qhia txog ntoo duab puab, carvings ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab cathedrals. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj ib tug nplua nuj sau ntawm ancient manuscripts. Ib qho kev nthuav qhia cais yog tsim los ntawm "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Igor Txoj Kev Sib Tw".

keeb kwm nplua nuj ntawm txoj kev

Ib lub tsev qub tshaj plaws hauv nroog yog Transfiguration Monastery hauv Yaroslavl. Nws tau soj ntsuam tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog dhau 800 xyoo dhau los. Thaum Yaroslavl tau tsim, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Yaroslav ntawm Rostov tau tsim lub Kremlin, hu ua Chopped City. Cov pagans hauv zos raug ntiab tawm, thiab cov neeg los ntawm tus huab tais lub nroog lub nroog nyob ntawm no. Lawv tau pib tsim cov cheeb tsam tus dej ntws zoo heev. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb archaeological, thaj chaw no tau muaj neeg coob nyob hauv XI-XII centuries.

Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm ntug dej ntawm Kotoroslmuaj qhov chaw cult tseem ceeb rau cov pagans. Nws yog lub tuam tsev Veles. Raws li qee cov lus ceeb toom, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th, ib lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsim nyob rau ntawm no precisely thiaj li yuav rhuav tshem lub pagan qhov chaw ntawm pe hawm. Txij thaum ntawd los nws yog ib qho kev lig kev cai los tsim ib lub tuam tsev ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov tuam tsev pagan.

Ntxiv rau, feem ntau tib neeg sim ua lub sijhawm ua kev zoo siab lossis qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev pe hawm ze rau Orthodox thaj neeb. Yog li ntawd, hnub pagan ntawm Veles thiab hnub hloov pauv ntawm tus Cawm Seej tau ua kev zoo siab rau tib hnub - Lub Yim Hli 6. Nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov tsev uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XIII, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Konstantin lub Wise nteg lub "lub tsev teev ntuj pob zeb" ntawm lub Transfiguration ntawm tus Cawm Seej. Yaroslavl yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb, vim tias muaj cov tub rog tawm tsam ntawm no.

Prince Konstantin txog 1214 tau tsim thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Russia. Muaj cov tsev qiv ntawv monastic uas ntau tshaj 1000 Greek cov ntawv sau tseg - cov khoom lag luam nplua nuj tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Tseem muaj cov kws sau ntawv thiab cov neeg txhais lus. Tej zaum, lub npe nrov Spassky Txoj Moo Zoo ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th tau tsim ntawm no. Qhov no yog qhov nthuav qhia tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Yaroslavl.

Archaeological excavations ze lub tsev teev ntuj

Kev tsim kho lub tuam tsev tau ua tiav los ntawm Vsevolod Konstantinovich hauv 1224. Tab sis vim hais tias ntawm lub Tatar-Mongol ntxeem tau, lub paj ntawm lub nroog Volga tau cuam tshuam rau ntau xyoo. Qhov hluav taws kub ntawm 1221 ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm 17 pawg ntseeg. Zoo li ntau lwm lub nroog Lavxias, xyoo 1238 Yaroslavl raug ntes, raug puas tsuaj thiab hlawv rau hauv av. Cov neeg nyob, uas tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej mus rau qhov kawg, raug tua. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm archaeological excavations ntawm 2005-2006 ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub qub Uspensky. Cathedral ntawm Strelka.

Pob ntxas tau pom. Yuav luag tag nrho cov pob txha hauv lawv yog cov poj niam, cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus. Yuav luag tsis muaj lwm tus, txij li cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua nyob ntawm Sit River, qhov chaw uas lawv tau sib koom ua ke tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam. Lub tshuab ua rau tuag tau siv los ntawm saum toj, los ntawm sab lossis tom qab. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov faus neeg faus tsis tau ua tam sim ntawd, tab sis me ntsis tom qab, nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Qhov no qhia tau tias cov neeg nyob hauv lub nroog puas tsuaj tau khiav tawm thaum lub caij ntuj no, thiab tom qab ntawd ib nrab rov qab los nrog kev sov so.

Ntawm qhov muaj txiaj ntsig hauv lub tsev teev ntuj

Kev nce ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm xyoo pua 13th. Tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua ib tug princely qhov ntxa. Yav dhau los, tsev neeg princely tau faus rau hauv Petrovsky Monastery lossis hauv Assumption Cathedral. Tab sis pib nrog Fyodor Cherny, lawv pib faus ntawm no.

Cov vaj tsev ntoo thiab pob zeb tsis tau khaws cia. Txawm li cas los xij, archaeological excavations tau teeb pom kev ntawm lawv qhov chaw qub. Ua kom pom tseeb thiab lawv cov tsos. Cov phab ntsa nyob hauv cov duab ntawm lub pentagon tsis sib xws, muaj cov pej thuam thiab cov rooj vag.

Lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsim tsa xyoo 1216-1224. Nyob ze muaj ib lub tuam tsev ntawm qhov nkag mus rau Yeluxalees ntawm 1218-1221. Muaj ib tug moat nyob ib ncig ntawm lub monastery. Tseem muaj lub qhov taub. Tom qab lwm qhov hluav taws kub hauv 1430, mummies ntawm 3 tus neeg tau pom nyob hauv qab daus ntawm Transfiguration Cathedral. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais tias kev kho mob txuj ci tseem ceeb tau ua ib zaug ntawm no. Qhov hluav taws kub ua rau nws muaj peev xwm mus nrhiav tau tej txuj ci tseem ceeb relics, uas tom qab los ua neeg dawb huv. Cov no yog Yaroslavl princes Fedor thiab nws ob tug tub - David thiab Konstantin.

Lub sijhawm no rau Yaroslavlkev kav ntawm Fedor yog suav tias yog. Nyob rau hauv lub lig 1250s, lub zwm txwv princely raug tso tseg tsis muaj ib tug txais cuab yeej cuab tam thiab tus ntxhais ntawm Konstantin, uas tuag nyob rau hauv lub legendary battles ntawm Tugova Gora nyob rau hauv 1257, raws li cov kev cai ntawm lub xyoo, tsis tuaj yeem yog tus qub txeeg qub teg. Vim li no, nws niam Xenia txiav txim siab mus nrhiav tau ib tug zoo nkauj tub-ntxhais, tab sis tsis nplua nuj txaus mus koom Yaroslavl rau nws tus thawj tswj hwm. Nws xaiv Fedor Cherny, tus tub huabtais Chernigov, uas nws kav tau zoo heev.

Tom ntej

Yog tias cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb ntxiv, nws muaj peev xwm hais tias Lavxias lub xeev yuav raug tsim nyob ib puag ncig lub chaw no. Fedor cov me nyuam - David thiab Konstantin - tsis tau ua tiav lawv txiv txoj kev loj hlob yav dhau los. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, rau ntau centuries, lub nroog nrog nws monastery ua lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Russia.

Soviet era

Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, muaj ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv no, nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub monastery, cov tub rog nyob thiab nkag tau nruj me ntsis nrog passes, zoo tib yam cov neeg nyob hauv zos kuj nyob. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm lub sij hawm, exhibitions thiab ib lub tsev cia puav pheej tau qhib ntawm no. Lub complex tau txais kev puas tsuaj ntau heev thaum lub sij hawm foob pob los ntawm Red Army nyob rau xyoo 1920s. Tab sis tom qab intensively rov qab los. Cov vaj tse tau rov qab los rau lawv qhov qub qub.

qhib sijhawm

Lub tsev teev ntuj raug kaw thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1 txog Lub Tsib Hlis 1. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm nws qhib txhua hnub thaum 10:00 txog 18:00, tsis muaj sijhawm so. Hnub so yog hnub Wednesday thiab hnub los nag. Tus rector yog Pov Thawj Andrey Rykov.

Yuav ua li cas mus txog qhov ntawd

Nws nyob ntawm qhov chaw nyob: Yaroslavl, Bogoyavlenskaya Square, 25. Koj tuaj yeem mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj los ntawm tsheb npav los ntawm chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau, thiab los ntawm Yaroslavl Spit. Qhov chaw nres tsheb hu ua "Square of the Epiphany".

Reviews

Raws li kev tshuaj xyuas, Transfiguration Cathedral xav tau kev kho dua tshiab. Cov neeg ncig tebchaws feem ntau nco txog qhov zoo nkauj ntawm qhov chaw no, nrog rau tus ntsuj plig ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj qub. Cov kev tshuaj xyuas hais tias tus nqi them rau ntawm qhov nkag mus rau lub complex, uas yog lub tsev Transfiguration Cathedral.