Raws li koj paub, txhua lub cim Orthodox yog tsim los pab, tiv thaiv, kev nplij siab hauv qee qhov xwm txheej hauv lub neej. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cim txawv ntawm cov phiaj xwm, stylistic nta, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, thawj yam ua ntej.
Ib qho yog dab tsi
Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm keeb kwm kos duab, lub cim yog ib daim duab uas ua rau feem ntau ntawm cov tawv tawv, ntxiv nrog cov cim kev ntseeg thiab cov ntawv sau. Feem ntau nws yog sau rau ntawm linden board npog nrog gesso (kua kua nplaum thiab alabaster). Icons kuj muaj xws li cov duab puab, mosaic duab, paintings.
Hauv kev ntseeg Vajtswv, lub cim (Greek "duab", "duab") yog ib qho kev tsim uas qhia txog tib neeg lossis cov xwm txheej los ntawm keeb kwm dawb ceev uas yog cov khoom ntawm kev hwm rau cov ntseeg - Orthodox, Catholics teej tug mus rau lub ancient Eastern pawg ntseeg. Cov npe ntawm cov khoom ntawm veneration tau pom zoo nyob rau hauv lub Xya Ecumenical Council nyob rau hauv 787.
Ntau yam ntawm cov cim
Greek icons muab faib ua rau hom los ntawm tus nqi:
- Measured - muab rau christening ntawm tus me nyuam, lawv qhov siab yog sib npaug rau qhov siab ntawm tus me nyuam.
- Tsev neeg - daim duab ntawm cov patrons ntawm tag nrho cov neeg hauv tsev neeg.
- Nominal - patron neeg dawb huv, hauvnws hwm ib tug neeg lub npe (txiav txim los ntawm hnub yug thiab Orthodox daim ntawv qhia hnub ntawm lub npe hnub ntawm cov neeg ntseeg).
- Zaj tshoob - xws li icons depicting Yexus Khetos thiab tus nkauj xwb Mary foom koob hmoov rau newlyweds.
- Holidays - keeb kwm ntawm ib qho kev cai ntseeg tshwj xeeb.
- Vowed - sau los ntawm kev cog lus.
Txhua lub cim Greek uas piav txog tus Cawm Seej siv zog tshaj tawm ib zaj dab neeg - tus Tswv Leej Tub zoo li lub cev nqaij daim tawv rau hauv ntiaj teb tib neeg. Cov duab nto moo tshaj plaws yog "Tus Cawm Seej Tsis Ua Los Ntawm Tes" - lub cim ntawm Divine lub ntsej muag ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Cov zoo li hauv qab no kuj nrov:
- "Tus Muaj Hwjchim Loj Kawg Nkaus" - Tswv Yexus foom koob hmoov rau ntawm ib sab tes, tuav ib phau ntawv nyob rau lwm qhov;
- "Tus Tswv nyob saum lub zwm txwv" - kev loj, lub cim ntawm lub ntiaj teb;
- "Tus Cawm Seej muaj zog";
- baby Jesus in the arm of the Virgin.
Greek icons ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv, tus tiv thaiv ntawm Lavxias teb sab av, yog ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm zajlus, yog li ntawd lawv yuav tsum tau muab cais, seem tom ntej.
Raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev piav qhia cov cim tau muab faib ua ob pawg:
- Canonical - feem ntau ancient, qub, tsoos style. Daim duab kos duab ob sab, qhov twg lub luag haujlwm loj tau muab rau cov ntsiab lus - ntxoov ntxoo, cov khoom ntawm khaub ncaws.
- Kev Kawm - nws tus qauv yog Western European hom kev pleev xim. Cov cim zoo li no tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Russia thaum lub sijhawm Peter lub Great.
Greek icons ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv
Cov cim qhia cov duab ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv Intercessor los ntawm ob pebfacets:
- "Omen" (Oranta, Incarnation). Ntawm lub cim peb pom cov duab ntawm kev thov Vajtswv Virgin Mary (Oranta). Nyob rau theem ntawm nws lub siab, nws muaj ib tug kheej kheej, ib tug medallion, qhov twg Spas Emmanuel yog depicted, tseem nyob rau hauv lub tsev menyuam ntawm nws niam. Ob txhais tes ntawm tus nkauj xwb raug tsa nyob rau hauv ib tug thov Vajtswv impulse, thiab tus Cawm Seej txhais tes foom koob hmoov rau tus saib, tuav ib tug scroll. Mary cov khaub ncaws yog ib txwm muaj - xiav ris tsho hauv qab thiab lub tsho liab. Ntawm ob sab ntawm lawv tau sau lub hwj chim saum ntuj ceeb tsheej - cov tubtxib saum ntuj thiab cov tubtxib saum ntuj.
- "Guidebook" (Hodegetria). Leej niam ntawm Vajtswv coj cov ntseeg ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj mus rau qhov kaj, mus rau Tswv Yexus, nws yog tus choj ntawm txoj kev mus rau txoj kev cawm seej. Maivliag tau piav txog ntawm no nrog Yexus nyob hauv nws txhais tes, nrog ib txhais tes nws taw rau Tus Me Nyuam, coj tus saib ntawm nws. Tswv Yexus foom koob hmoov rau daim duab Niam.
- "Tenderness" (Eleusa) - lub suab lus Greek tshaj plaws ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv. Lub taub hau ntawm tus nkauj xwb thiab tus Cawm Seej tau nyo rau ib leeg, Yexus puag Niam ntawm caj dab. Niam Mab Liab nyob ntawm no tsis yog ib leej niam xwb, tiam sis kuj yog ib tug ntsuj plig koom siab nrog Tswv Ntuj.
- "Intercessor" - Mary yog piav qhia yam tsis muaj Tus Me Nyuam, hauv kev loj hlob tag nrho, hauv nws txhais tes yog ib qho scroll.
- Akathist Greek icons - qhia txog Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv raws li nws tau piav qhia hauv akathists. Txhua daim duab tau hais nrog qee qhov kev thov Vajtswv hauv lub sijhawm nyuaj ntawm lub neej - mus rau "Burning Bush", "Inexhaustible Chalice", "Txhua yam kev tsim muaj kev zoo siab rau koj", "Peb tus poj niam ntawm Bogolyubskaya" thiab lwm yam.
Icon classifications
Greek icons raws li zaj dab neeg:
- depicting Tswv Yexus;
- Holy Trinity;
- Tus poj niam;
- saints;
- hnub so thiab cov koom txoos;
- allegorical, symbolic dluab.
Los ntawm tus lej ntawm cov dab neeg ywj pheej:
- ib, ob lossis ntau qhov;
- lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab lus (cov duab kos me me) - hagiographic, akathist, icons nrog kev ua;
- Yeluxalees - ntau lub ntsiab lus piav qhia txog qhov chaw dawb huv hauv nroog.
Scale:
- main (ib lub ntsej muag);
- xub pwg;
- duav;
- lub zwm txwv (saib duab);
- kev loj hlob.
Los ntawm qhov chaw:
- Temple;
- txoj kev (txoj kev);
- brownies.
Icon txheej txheem:
- picturesque;
- paj;
- cast;
- carved;
- typographical (printed);
- folding (vaulted thaj chaw).
Rau cov ntseeg, lub cim tsis yog ib qho duab zoo nkauj xwb. Qhov no yog lub qhov rais uas nws tig mus rau Vajtswv, tus Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej Intercessor. Cov phiaj xwm ntau yam ntawm cov cim txuas nrog lub luag haujlwm uas lawv muaj hauv lub neej ntawm Orthodox.
