Belarus yog lub xeev ntau qhov kev lees paub. Lub teb chaws no tau dhau los ntawm lub sijhawm nyuaj ntawm kev tsim ua ib lub tebchaws. Thoob plaws hauv nws keeb kwm, nws tau ua ib feem ntawm ib lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe, tom qab ntawd lwm qhov, thiab qhov no tau cuam tshuam loj rau cov kab lis kev cai hauv zos. Kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv Belarus kuj dais lub imprint ntawm complex tab sis fascinating keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg Belarusian. Peb yuav qhia txog qhov no.
Kev ntseeg hauv Belarus: keeb kwm
Txog xyoo pua 11 AD, thaj chaw ntawm Belarus niaj hnub no yog ib feem ntawm lub xeev qub Lavxias thiab, nrog rau lwm thaj chaw, tau hloov mus rau Orthodoxy. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm Kievan Rus, ob peb cais lub xeev-principality tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Belarus, lub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm uas yog Polotsk. Lub Orthodox neeg dawb huv Euphrosyne ntawm Polotsk yog dav paub, nws tus ntoo khaub lig mus txog rau thaum 1995 yog ib lub xeev cov cim ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Belarus. Nws ua raws los ntawm qhov no tias thawj, kev ntseeg hauv Belarus tseem yog Orthodox Christianity.
Kev Los Ntawm Catholicism
Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XII kev cai dab qhuas kev sib koom ua ke nyob rau hauv lub Belarusian thaj av tau muab tso tseg. Tom qab lojib feem ntawm niaj hnub ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws no poob nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm lub Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania, kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv Belarus poob nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm Catholicism. Yog lawm, qhov no tsis tshwm sim tam sim ntawd: cov neeg Pagan Lithuanians thiab lawv cov thawj coj tau mus ntev heev ntawm ob lub chaw kev vam meej, hloov pauv kev lees txais Orthodoxy lossis Catholicism. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xaiv zaum kawg yog txawm li cas los xij tau ua rau kev pom zoo ntawm Western Christianity. Yog li ntawd, cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm Belarusians tau yuav luag 1000 xyoo nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm lub xeev Catholic. Lawm, qhov no tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ntseeg hauv Belarus, txawm tias tag nrho cov kev zam ntawm Lithuanians.
Belarusization ON
Txoj cai kev cai dab qhuas ntawm Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania yog qhov ua siab ntev heev. Thaum pib, Catholicism tsis tau cog rau hauv ib qho twg, thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Orthodox Belarusian aristocracy muaj lub sijhawm los koom nrog Lithuanian gentry thiab nws thiaj li ua tiav Slavicized. Ntawm cov npe ntawm cov neeg loj hlob ntawm Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania twb nyob rau hauv 16th-17th centuries, peb tsis pom yuav luag ib lub npe Lithuanian zoo. Lithuanian txoj cai - lub ntsiab cai lij choj ntawm lub xeev - tsis tau sau nyob rau hauv Lithuanian, tab sis nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab qub. Cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm niaj hnub Belarusians nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd hu lawv tus kheej tsis muaj lwm yam tshaj li Litvins, yeem hais qhia lawv cov koom nrog hauv lub xeev Lithuanian.
Polonization thiab Catholicization
Thaum GDL pib txav los ze rau lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Poland, coj nws cov kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev coj noj coj ua, lub sijhawm nyuaj pib rau Orthodoxy hauv Belarus. Tom qab kev sib sau ua ke ntawm ob lub xeev hauvkoom ua ke lub Koom Txoos nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, cov tub ceev xwm Polish pib txheej txheem ntawm Polonization (polonization) ntawm Orthodox East Slavic pejxeem ntawm Ukraine thiab Belarus. Cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm niaj hnub Belarusians thiab Ukrainians - qhov tseeb, cov neeg Lavxias - raug yuam kom ua Poles thiab txais Catholicism. Txoj kev sib raug zoo-kev nom kev tswv, kab lis kev cai thiab kev cai dab qhuas no nws thiaj li ua rau muaj kev sib cais ntawm Rusyn (Ukrainian) thiab Litvin (Belarusian) tus kheej.
Tom qab cov koom haum ntawm Kreva thiab Lublin, Greek Catholicism, lossis Uniatism, tau ntxiv rau tag nrho cov pob khoom ntawm kev ntseeg hauv Belarus. Uniates yog yav dhau los Orthodox uas tau khaws lawv cov liturgical rite, lub tsev teev ntuj style thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tuam tsev architecture, tab sis tib lub sij hawm tau cog lus rau Pope. Tom qab cov Lithuanian princes ntiav cov qub Mongol-Tatar tswv xeev, faib lawv cov vaj tse nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Belarus, sab hnub poob ntawm lub Belarusian av sai heev overgrown nrog picturesque mosques thiab minarets. Ib qho loj ntawm cov neeg Yudais hauv nroog xws li Minsk, Orsha, Brest thiab Mogilev tau muab tag nrho cov koom txoos ntawm kev ntseeg thiab kev coj noj coj ua hauv Belarus ib qho tshwj xeeb nplua nuj tsw.
Kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Belarus
Belarus tau dhau los ntawm kev sib koom tes nrog Lithuania, nce Polonization, Russification nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, indigenization nyob rau hauv lub USSR, thiab nyob rau hauv 1991, thawj zaug nyob rau hauv nws keeb kwm, tau los ua ib tug ywj siab xeev. Tag nrho cov kev sim no thiab kab lis kev cai metamorphoses tsis tuaj yeem tab sis cuam tshuam rau kev ntseeg ntawm Belarus raws li lub xeev. Thawj xyoo ntawm kev ywj pheej, lub teb chaws raug dej nyab tam sim ntawdCov tub txib Protestant thiab ntau pawg ntseeg. Cov neeg ua kev cai raus dej tau ua kev zoo siab ua las voos. Anabaptists hu rau cov neeg saib xyuas txoj kev zoo tib yam kom hloov siab los ntseeg lawv. Cov Neeg Maumoos tau khob qhov rooj thiab hais lus txog kev nkag siab tseeb ntawm phau Vajlugkub. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau muab cov neeg Belarusians mus dhau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas txhawm rau txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab nrhiav kev sib haum xeeb sab hauv.
Vim li ntawd, peb muaj cov txheeb cais hauv qab no ntawm kev ntseeg hauv tebchaws Belarus ntawm cov ntseeg:
- Orthodox - 80%;
- Catholics - 10%;
- tag nrho lwm tus (Muslims, Protestants) - 10%.
Tib lub sijhawm, kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm Belarusians yog cov neeg tsis ntseeg Vajtswv, uas yog lub cev siab. Txoj kev pom tseeb yog qhov txo qis ntawm cov neeg Catholics thiab nce ntawm cov Orthodox.
