Pskov-Caves Monastery. Qhov tsua ntawm Pskov-Pechersky Monastery

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Pskov-Caves Monastery. Qhov tsua ntawm Pskov-Pechersky Monastery
Pskov-Caves Monastery. Qhov tsua ntawm Pskov-Pechersky Monastery

Video: Pskov-Caves Monastery. Qhov tsua ntawm Pskov-Pechersky Monastery

Video: Pskov-Caves Monastery. Qhov tsua ntawm Pskov-Pechersky Monastery
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Anonim

Ib qho ntawm cov tuam tsev loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia nrog ntau tshaj tsib centuries ntawm keeb kwm, ib qho ntawm cov monasteries muaj kev hwm tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws yog Pskov-Caves Monastery, nrhiav tau hauv 1473. Nws nyob ze ntawm ciam teb nrog Estonia.

Pskov Qhov tsua Monastery
Pskov Qhov tsua Monastery

Los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub tuam tsev

Pskov-Pechersky lub tsev teev ntuj tau tshwm sim hauv lub qhov tsua ze ntawm Kamenets kwj. Lawv tau hais thawj zaug hauv keeb kwm xyoo 1392. Judging los ntawm cov lus dab neeg, cov hauj sam nyob rau hauv lawv, uas tau khiav tawm ntawm sab qab teb ntawm lub teb chaws, khiav kev tsim txom ntawm Crimean Tatars. Nyob rau hauv 1470, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no, Hieromonk Jonah, ib haiv neeg ntawm Yuryev (hnub no nws yog lub nroog ntawm Tartu), ua ib lub tsev teev ntuj, uas nws fij rau hauv 1473. Nws nyob ib ncig ntawm nws lub tsev teev ntuj Pechersk tau tsim. Lub nroog Pechora tau tshwm sim ze ntawm Pskov-Pechersky Monastery nyob rau xyoo pua 16th.

Nyob rau thaum ub, cov no yog cov chaw deserted npog nrog impenetrable forests. Cov neeg yos hav zoov uas nyob ntawm no pom ib tug txiv neej laus thov Vajtswv rau ntawm ib lub pob zeb, hnov cov hermits hu nkauj. Tsis muaj ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv, lub npe ntawm lawv tus kws qhia sab ntsuj plig, Mark, tau raug khaws cia. John, nws tus poj niam Mary (nyob rau hauv monasticism nws coj lub npe Vassa) thiab Mark yogthawj cov neeg nyob hauv qhov chaw no.

Nyob hauv roob xuab zeb, Yauhas khawb lub tsev teev ntuj uas foom koob hmoov rau nkauj xwb Mary. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, Vassa tuag (nws mob hnyav txawm tias ua ntej tuaj txog ntawm Pskov av). Nws faus lub hleb nrog cov neeg tuag hauv lub qhov tsua. Tab sis, rau nws txoj kev xav tsis thoob, hnub tom qab lub hleb raug tshem tawm hauv av. Jonah coj qhov no ua ib lub cim los saum toj no. Nws hais tias thaum lub ntees tuag muaj ib yam dab tsi ua txhaum. Yog li ntawd, Vassa tau faus dua thiab ib zaug ntxiv faus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb. Tab sis tag kis sawv ntxov, tib yam tshwm sim. Jonah txiav txim siab tso lub hleb rau saum npoo.

Pskov Cave Holy Dormition Monastery
Pskov Cave Holy Dormition Monastery

Txij thaum ntawd los, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshav ntuj hauv lub qhov tsua ntawm lub tuam tsev tseem tsis tau tso tseg. Rau ob peb centuries, lub hleb nrog cov neeg tuag cov hauj sam, cov tub rog uas tuag nyob rau hauv lub battlefield, raws li zoo raws li cov inhabitants ntawm kev sib hais haum tsis interred. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsua necropolis ntawm lub monastery muaj crypts uas tau sau nrog blackened thiab dilapidated hleb mus rau lub heev vaults. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis muaj cov cim qhia ntawm rotting ntawm lub cev.

Jonah Ascetics

Tom qab Vasxas tuag tsis tu ncua, cov neeg ntseeg pib tuaj cuag Yauna. Nws tus phooj ywg ze thiab tus ua tiav, hieromonk Misail, ua lub Koom Txoos ntawm Theodosius thiab Anthony los ntawm ntoo ntawm lub roob nws tus kheej. Cells rau thawj cov neeg nyob raug txiav cia ib sab ntawm nws.

Hmoov tsis zoo, tsis ntev Lub Tuam Tsev Qub ntawm lub roob raug hlawv los ntawm cov neeg los ntawm Livonian Order. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, thaum Dorotheus yog abbot, nws tau txiav txim siab tsiv lub tuam tsev mus rau ko taw ntawm lub roob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub Koom Txoos Assumption tau nthuav dav, lub qhov tsua lub tuam tsev ntawm Theodosius thiab Anthony tau tsim. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub sijhawm lawv tsimLub tsev teev ntuj ntawm plaub caug Martyrs ntawm Sebaste, pib tsim lub belfry ntawm lub monastery. Kev pab cuam uas tsis muaj nuj nqis hauv kev tsim kho yog muab los ntawm Misyur Munekhin, tus txiv neej kawm ntawv siab, pious uas muaj peev xwm nkag siab thiab txaus siab rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Pechersk.

Kev Tshaj Tawm

Munekhin kuj tau txhawb nqa Abbot Cornelius. Nyob rau hauv nws, Pskov-Caves Dawb Huv Dormition Monastery tau vam meej. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tau nce ntxiv, thiab cov kws ua ntoo, ceramics, thiab cov duab kos duab kos duab tau tshwm sim. Pskov-Pechersky Monastery twb nyob rau hauv cov hnub yuav txaus siab rau nws zoo kawg li lub tsev qiv ntawv. Ntawm no lawv tau ua qhov thib peb Pskov Chronicle. Los ntawm Pechersk sau, kev sau ntawv ntawm John IV nrog Tub Vaj Ntxwv Andrei Kurbsky tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no.

Qhov tsua ntawm Pskov Caves Monastery
Qhov tsua ntawm Pskov Caves Monastery

Hegumen Cornelius coj kev nkag siab ntawm sab ntsuj plig - nws tsim cov tsev teev ntuj nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Estonia, xa cov pov thawj mus rau ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, cov haujlwm kev kawm raug ncua vim yog kev ua tub rog ntawm Germans.

Los ntawm txoj cai ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai, Pskov-Caves Monastery tau ncig los ntawm phab ntsa pob zeb muaj zog. Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Annunciation, ua los ntawm pob zeb, tau tsim tsa hauv lub tsev teev ntuj. Rau lub streltsy garrison, uas tau ua tas mus li kev pab cuam, lawv tsim lub rooj vag ntawm St. Nicholas lub tsev teev ntuj, uas yog ncaj qha mus rau lub sib ntaus sib tua yees. Thaum lub sij hawm Livonian ua tsov ua rog, lub tuam tsev feem ntau raug raided los ntawm sab hnub poob.

Pskov-Caves Holy Dormition Monastery hnub no

Cov phab ntsa ntawm Pechersk fortress stretch raws txoj kab nqes ntawm qhov tob tob, me ntsis skirting lub hollow raws cov dej Kamenets ntws. Lawv tag nrho ntev yog 726 meters,thickness ncav cuag ob meters. Niaj hnub no lub fortress qauv muaj 9 yees. Thaum lub sij hawm nws cov keeb kwm centuries-laus, Pskov-Caves Assumption Monastery pheej tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ntawm Livonian pab tub rog coj los ntawm Stefan Batory (Livonian Tsov Rog), cov thawj coj ntawm Swedish - Charles XII thiab Charles Gustav, Hetman Khodkevich (Poland). Keeb kwm ntawm kev koom ua tub rog ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, qhuas los ntawm kev siv nws cov neeg tiv thaiv siab tawv - cov hauj sam thiab archers, tau xaus thaum Tsov Rog Sab Hnub Tuaj. Lub sijhawm no, ciam teb sab hnub poob ntawm Russia tau tsiv mus rau Hiav Txwv B altic.

moscow pskovo qhov tsua monastery
moscow pskovo qhov tsua monastery

Zoo Pilgrims

Los ntawm thaum ub, tag nrho Great Russia thiab, ntawm chav kawm, Moscow paub txog lub hav zoov ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Lub Pskov-Caves Monastery tau los ua ib qho chaw pilgrimage rau cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe ntawm ntau lub sijhawm. Ib tug nquag qhua ntawm no yog Ivan qhov txaus ntshai, uas hloov siab lees txim ntawm tus ntsuj plig hegumen Cornelius tau rhuav tshem los ntawm nws. Muaj ib zaug, qhov kev xav ntawm tus thawj coj uas tsis ntseeg tau poob rau nws. Peter kuv tau mus xyuas Pskov-Caves Monastery plaub zaug, lub tsheb thauj khoom kim heev, uas tseem khaws cia rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, tseem nyob hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm kev mus ntsib Empress Anna Ioannovna rau lub tsev teev ntuj no. Nyob rau xyoo 1822, Alexander kuv kuj tau tuaj xyuas ntawm no thiab nws tham hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj nrog tus pom Lazar. Nicholas II tau mus ncig ua si hauv 1903. Ntawm no, thaum ntxov 1911, Ntxhais fuabtais Elizabeth Feodorovna thov Vajtswv ntawm no.

monastery thaj neeb

Lub tsev teev ntuj thaum ub ua tib zoo khaws cov cim tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv nws phab ntsa. Pskov-Caves Monastery, daim duab uas koj tuaj yeem pom hauv peb tsab xov xwm, muaj peb lub thaj neeb. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov nolub cim ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv, uas suav hais tias yog txuj ci tseem ceeb. Nws yog nqa tawm txhua txhua xyoo nyob rau hauv patronal feasts nyob rau hauv ib tug procession. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov no yog cov cim ntawm Tenderness thiab Hodegetria ntawm Pskov-Caves. Muaj cov lus tim khawv hauv cov ntawv sau txog kev kho mob txuj ci tseem ceeb uas ua tau ua tsaug rau cov thaj neeb no. Cov cim tau khaws cia hauv Assumption Church thiab St. Michael's Cathedral.

Cov txwj laus ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj

Hnub no, lub tuam tsev, coj los ntawm Nws Eminence Eusebius, ua tib zoo khaws cov kev cai ntawm lub tuam tsev, ua raws li cov cai thiab cov cai ntawm lub tuam tsev. Amazing neeg nyob ntawm no. Cov txwj laus ntawm Pskov-Caves Monastery yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev ntseeg tseeb thiab kev ntseeg loj. Cov no yog Archimandrites Adrian (Kirsanov) thiab John (Krestyankin) - lus dab neeg ntawm lub Koom Txoos Orthodox thiab vivid piv txwv ntawm lub neej monastic.

Cov neeg ntseeg ntawm Pskov-Caves Monastery yog ib qho piv txwv ua raws li tsis yog rau cov hauj sam uas nyob hauv lub tsev teev ntuj niaj hnub no, tab sis rau txhua tus Orthodox. Lawv yog St. Mark, St. Vassa, St. Jonah, St. Dorotheos, St. Lazarus, St. Simeon.

Pskovo Qhov tsua monastery yees duab
Pskovo Qhov tsua monastery yees duab

monastery hnub no

Hnub no, ntau txhiab tus neeg ncig tebchaws tuaj rau cov chaw no kom pom cov thaj neeb loj ntawm lawv lub qhov muag. Ib tug keeb kwm thiab architectural monument ntawm kev txaus siab rau cov kws tshawb fawb thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no yog lub Pskov-Caves Monastery. Excursions ntawm no yog npaj los ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab mus ncig los ntawm ntau lub nroog ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Kev pom ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog qhov tshwj xeeb.

Raws li tau hais lawm, lub tsev teev ntuj no nquag nquag. Kev pehawm Vajtswv muaj nyob ntawm no. Kov qhov dawb huvcoob leej tuaj rau Pskov-Caves Monastery. Requisites kuj raug txiav txim ntawm no. Tej zaum tsis yog txhua tus paub tias nws yog dab tsi. Trebs yog ib txoj kev dawb ceev uas ib tug txiv plig ua raws li qhov kev thov ntawm ib tug ntseeg rau nws tus kheej los yog cov neeg nyob ze nws. Qhov no yog ib tug thov Vajtswv, uas cov txiv plig tig nrog nws.

Hnub no koj tuaj yeem xa daim ntawv thov mus rau Qhov tsua Monastery hauv Is Taws Nem. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau lub vev xaib ntawm lub tuam tsev, uas piav qhia meej tias qhov no ua tiav li cas. Txhua txhua hnub, cov thawj coj saib tag nrho cov "sau ntawv" xa tuaj thiab xa mus rau tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub tuam tsev, Archimandrite Tikhon.

monastery caves

Raws li tau hais lawm, lub qhov tsua thiab lub tuam tsev tau tsim los ntawm tus qub pov thawj Pskov John Shestnik.

Lub qhov tsua ntawm Pskov-Caves Monastery yog, qhov tseeb, lub tsev teev ntuj toj ntxas. Tus naj npawb ntawm burials tseem tsis tau raug tsim kom meej. Ntau tshaj 14,000 tus neeg ntseeg tias yuav faus rau ntawm no. Txog rau tam sim no, tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb pom zoo rau qhov tshwm sim uas tau pom nyob rau hauv qhov tsua rau ntau pua xyoo: muaj huab cua ntshiab heev thiab qhov kub thiab txias ib txwm muaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsw ntawm lub cev decomposing ploj tam sim.

Pskov Cave Monastery excursions
Pskov Cave Monastery excursions

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau sim piav qhia qhov tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom txawv txawv ntawm cov xuab zeb uas muaj peev xwm nqus tau cov ntxhiab tsw, cov hauj sam ntseeg siab tias qhov no yog vim qhov kev dawb huv ntawm qhov chaw no.

Ncig mus saib monastery qhov tsua ua rau muaj kev txaus siab heev rau txhua tus neeg uas tuaj yeem tuaj xyuas lawv. Txoj kev yog illuminated tsuas yog tswm ciab, muaj ib tug ringing silence nyob ib ncig ntawm … Thiab yog hais tias kuj muaj ib tug hauj sam uascoj mus ncig saib, hais lus hauv lub suab " txaus ntshai" txog tib neeg kev txhaum thiab kev ua pauj rau lawv, ces nws yuav tsis xis nyob.

Lub relics ntawm St. Mark, Jonah, Laxalus, thiab Vassa raug faus yuav luag ntawm qhov nkag mus rau lub qhov tsua.

Xya lub tsev hauv av sib txawv ntawm qhov nkag. Lawv hu ua txoj kev, uas nyob rau hauv txawv xyoo nthuav thiab lengthened. Txoj kev thib tsib thiab thib rau yog hu ua fraternal. Cov hauj sam ntawm lub monastery raug faus rau ntawm no. Pilgrims raug faus rau hauv lwm qhov chaw.

Muaj ib lub tswm ciab tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov kawg ntawm txoj kev hauv nruab nrab qhov tsua. Nws yog dai kom zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub rooj me me thiab hu ua kanun. Panikhidas (cov kev pabcuam hauv tsev tuag) tau txais kev pabcuam ib sab ntawm nws. Tam sim ntawd tom qab noj hmo muaj ib tug ntoo khaub lig loj, mus rau sab xis ntawm lub nroog Veniamin Fedchenko faus.

Lub qhov tsua ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog qhov chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm kev qaug cawv ntawm cov neeg ntseeg, saturated nrog kev thov Vajtswv ntawm ascetics. Qhov no yog ib qho tshwj xeeb kos duab thiab keeb kwm monument.

Cov txwj laus ntawm Pskov Qhov tsua Monastery
Cov txwj laus ntawm Pskov Qhov tsua Monastery

Assumption Cave Temple

Ib ntaiv dav ua rau nws. Sab saum toj ntawm qhov nkag yog daim duab ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv ntawm Kyiv. Nyob rau lub ru tsev ntawm lub monastery, muaj tsib domes crowned nrog crosses. Lub caj dab ntawm lub taub hau yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab dawb huv.

Lub tuam tsev sab hauv tsis tsawg dua. Nws muaj peb tshooj nyob rau hauv ntev thiab tsib nyob rau hauv dav. Lawv tau sib cais los ntawm lub ntiaj teb camps lined nrog cib. Qhov no tsim kom muaj kev nplij siab tshwj xeeb. Chav tsev yog qhov dav heev, ib txwm muaj ib lub kaum sab xis uas koj tuaj yeem thov Vajtswv ntawm lub teeb ci.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, nyob rau sab qab teb, cov relics so nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb nicheReverend Cornelius.

Big Belfry

Tsis deb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Assumption yog lub ntsiab belfry ntawm lub monastery, los yog belfry, raws li feem ntau hu ua. Ib lub pob zeb uas muaj ntau tus ncej tso rau hauv kab ntawm sab hnub tuaj mus rau sab hnub poob.

Pskov Qhov tsua Monastery
Pskov Qhov tsua Monastery

Nov yog ib qhov loj tshaj plaws architectural lug ntawm hom no. Lub belfry muaj rau lub ntsiab spans thiab ib qho uas tau tsim ntau tom qab. Ua tsaug rau nws, qhov thib ob yog tsim.

Lub tswb ntawm Pskov Monastery yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws sau tsis yog hauv Pskov nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj nyob rau sab hnub poob Russia.

Sretenskaya Church

Nws tau tsim tsa hauv 1670 ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub Koom Txoos Kav Tos Liv uas twb muaj lawm yav tas los. Sretensky Cathedral yog ob-zaj dab neeg cib tsev, ua nyob rau hauv pseudo-Lavxias style. Lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau pem ob. Lub thaj muaj ib lub hauv paus niche rau lub thaj thiab ob peb me me niches rau tus deacon. Lub narthex yog sib cais los ntawm ib tug loj phab ntsa. Nws muaj peb qhov qhib. Txhua qhov rais yog arched. Hauv pem teb hauv qab ntawm lub tuam tsev yog kho nrog rustication.

Tsoom Haiv Neeg Ntseeg ntawm Pskov Qhov tsua Monastery
Tsoom Haiv Neeg Ntseeg ntawm Pskov Qhov tsua Monastery

Ntawm cov phab ntsa sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Sretenskaya, cov duab tau khaws cia, uas twb tau rov qab los ntau zaus. Sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb phab ntsa yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog pilasters. Cov phab ntsa yog ua los ntawm cib, ces plastered thiab pleev xim rau.

Kev sim kaw

Ntawm nws keeb kwm ntev, Pskov-Caves Monastery yeej tsis raug kaw, rau ntau tshaj tsib puas xyoo.

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm Soviet, pheejtau sim kaw lub qhov tsua Monastery. Cov neeg ua pov thawj nco qab tias ib zaug lwm tus thawj coj tuaj txog ntawm nws nrog kev txiav txim siab kaw nws. Tus abbot tau paub txog qhov kev daws teeb meem thiab muab pov rau hauv qhov cub kub. Cov neeg ua haujlwm poob siab, ntxiv rau, yam tsis muaj ntaub ntawv, rov qab sai sai.

Tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Alipiy, tau ntsib cov neeg sawv cev tom ntej ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, hais tias muaj ntau yam riam phom khaws cia hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, thiab ntau tus kwv tij yog cov tub rog pem hauv ntej. Lawv yuav tiv thaiv lub tsev teev ntuj mus txog qhov kawg ua tsis taus pa. Nws tau ceeb toom tias tib txoj hauv kev los coj lub tuam tsev tsuas yog nrog kev pab ntawm lub dav hlau, uas yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm tam sim ntawd ntawm lub xov tooj cua Voice of America. Cov lus no ua rau muaj kev txaus siab rau lub commission. Oddly txaus, qhov kev hem thawj no ua haujlwm. Tau ib pliag lub monastery tseg ib leeg.

Pskov Pechersk Dormition Monastery
Pskov Pechersk Dormition Monastery

Muaj ntau lub sijhawm thaum lub tsev teev ntuj raug kaw lossis puas tsuaj, tab sis txhua zaus, qee qhov kev nkag tsis tau, nws tseem tsis tau kov.

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