Cov pawg tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws - piav qhia, yam ntxwv thiab nta

Cov txheej txheem:

Cov pawg tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws - piav qhia, yam ntxwv thiab nta
Cov pawg tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws - piav qhia, yam ntxwv thiab nta

Video: Cov pawg tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws - piav qhia, yam ntxwv thiab nta

Video: Cov pawg tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws - piav qhia, yam ntxwv thiab nta
Video: Yuav tawm ntawm txoj kev txom nyem tau li cas? 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Psychology yog txhais los ntawm Greek li "kev tshawb fawb ntawm tus ntsuj plig". Psychology kawm txog cov txheej txheem kev puas siab puas ntsws xws li kev nco, kev xav, kev xav, kev xav, thiab kev xav.

Siv cov txheej txheem empirical, psychologists siv kev paub txog kev puas siab puas ntsws los sau thiab txhais cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm txhua yam kev tshawb fawb kom nkag siab zoo dua rau tib neeg thiab tib neeg hauv txhua qhov kev tshwm sim.

Kev kawm txog kev puas siab puas ntsws
Kev kawm txog kev puas siab puas ntsws

Psychology "yog txawv"…

Tsis dub, dawb thiab liab, tau kawg. Tab sis qhov kev tshawb fawb no muaj ntau qhov ntxoov ntxoo (spectra). Yog li ntawd, niaj hnub kev puas siab puas ntsws raws li kev tshawb fawb muaj ntau qhov ntu ntu, uas suav nrog:

  • general psychology;
  • hnub nyoog psychology;
  • social psychology;
  • kev puas siab puas ntsws;
  • personality Psychology;
  • psychology ntawm kev ntseeg;
  • pathopsychology;
  • neuropsychology;
  • tsev neeg kev xav;
  • sport psychology;
  • animal psychology;
  • thiab lwm tus.
Cov tswv yim ntawm psychology
Cov tswv yim ntawm psychology

Categorical apparatus hauv psychology

Qab ntawv txhais los ntawm Greek txhais tau tias "qhia, kos npe". Feem ntau, cov no yog cov ntsiab lus dav dav uas qhia txog cov qauv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua.

Cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb, ua kom muaj kev sib txuas nrog ib leeg, yog qhov kev xav tau. Txhua tus ntawm lawv yog ib feem ntawm cov kab ke ntawm kev tshawb fawb.

Cov pawg tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txhua qhov kev tshawb fawb tau cuam tshuam los ntawm nws txoj kev xav tau li cas.

Qeb - cov ntsiab lus tas li thiab teeb meem uas tsim los ntawm kev xav thiab cov ntsiab lus.

Nyob rau hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws niaj hnub no, cov pawg tseem ceeb yog qhov txawv, uas yog nws lub hauv paus txij li thaum nws nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb.

Lawv cov npe yog raws li hauv qab no:

  1. motive;
  2. image;
  3. kev ua;
  4. tus kheej;
  5. kev sib txuas lus;
  6. experience.

Nyob hauv cov tsev kawm puas siab ntsws sib txawv, cov pawg no yuav muaj lub ntsiab lus sib txawv. Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov pawg no muaj nyob rau hauv kev qhia txog kev puas siab puas ntsws.

cov neeg hauv psychology
cov neeg hauv psychology

Kev puas siab puas ntsws

Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws yog ib qho ntawm qhov chaw tseem ceeb. Txhua yam nyob hauv kev loj hlob thiab mus dhau ntau theem ntawm kev txhim kho. Thiab ntawm qee theem, zoo neoplasms tshwm sim. Cov neoplasms no yuav cuam tshuam rau cov theem tom ntej hauv lub neej.kab mob.

Kev puas siab puas ntsws kawm txog qee lub sijhawm ntawm tus neeg lub neej, lawv cov yam ntxwv thiab cov qauv. Thiab nws kuj pom cov laj thawj ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm ib theem mus rau lwm qhov.

Hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws, muaj ob hom kev txhim kho:

  1. Evolutionary (quantitative change in the object).
  2. Kev hloov pauv (zoo hloov pauv).

Cov pawg tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws tsis cuam tshuam rau tus kheej, tab sis rau kev loj hlob tag nrho. Cov no suav nrog:

  • kev loj hlob,
  • maturing,
  • kev sib txawv,
  • kev qhia,
  • imprinting (imprinting),
  • socialization.
Kev loj hlob ntawm psychology
Kev loj hlob ntawm psychology

Kev puas siab puas ntsws cuam tshuam nrog kev kawm ntawm tib neeg lub neej raws li ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm tus cwj pwm. Tshooj lus ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws no taug qab cov qauv ntawm tus kheej tsim, pab kom kov yeej cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm lub hnub nyoog thiab nrhiav txoj hauv kev tsim nyog rau kev nce mus ntxiv.

Hnub nyoog psychology

Hnub nyoog psychology kuj yog ib qho ntawm "ntau yam" ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws. Nws kawm txog kev puas siab puas ntsws loj hlob, cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov kev loj hlob no nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv.

Peb tshuav qhov kev txhim kho ntawm peb txoj kev loj hlob hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws rau Lev Semenovich Vygotsky. Nws yog nws tus uas tsim txoj kev xav ntawm lub hnub nyoog raws li ib qho kev tsom xam ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm me nyuam.

Vygotsky wrote:

Qhov teeb meem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab yooj yim rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm kev muaj tiag thiab rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm kev paub txog kev tshawb fawb.

Hnub nyoog psychology feem ntau kuj tau muab faib ua qee ntu:

  • preschool psychology;
  • tub ntxhais kawm;
  • teenagers;
  • hnub nyoog hluas;
  • adult psychology;
  • gerontopsychology (laus laus).
hnub nyoog psychology
hnub nyoog psychology

Cov pawg tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws yog qhov zoo ib yam li pawg ntawm kev xav txog kev loj hlob.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov no yog cov txheej txheem:

  1. Kev loj hlob.
  2. Ripening.
  3. Kev kawm.
  4. Impressions.
  5. kev sib raug zoo.
  6. YPhylogenesis.
  7. Ontogeny.
  8. Anthropogenesis.
  9. YMicrogenesis.
  10. kev ua ub no.
  11. Neoplasms.

kev puas siab puas ntsws

Txhua tus neeg nyob hauv tib neeg yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub neej. Tus txiv neej ua tiav nws lub luag haujlwm hauv zej zog.

Kev puas siab puas ntsws yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb uas nyob ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm ob lwm yam kev tshawb fawb: sociology thiab psychology. Yog li, ntu no kawm ntau ntu ntu ib zaug:

  • psychology ntawm tus kheej (social);
  • pab pawg neeg siab ntsws;
  • kev sib raug zoo.
Society nyob rau hauv psychology
Society nyob rau hauv psychology

Vim tias txiv neej yog ib haiv neeg, qhov tseeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws yog cais los ntawm qhov dav dav tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog qee yam arbitrary.

Cov pawg tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws yog:

  • zej zog;
  • yam ntxwv ntawm tib neeg tus cwj pwm hauv zej zog;
  • pab pawg neeg;
  • koom haum-kev puas siab ntsws ntawm pawg me;
  • kev sib txuas lus;
  • tib neeg tus cwj pwm hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm tus kheej;
  • pab pawg neeg loj.

Psychology of Cwm pwm

tib neeg tus cwj pwm yog ib qho nyuaj ntawm kev sib raug zoo puzzle. Txiv neej yog qhov txuas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv txhua txoj kev sib raug zoo.

Psychology ntawm tus kheej yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb uas kawm txog tus kheej thiab cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntu ntawm kev tshawb fawb no kawm txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm tib neeg, lawv qhov zoo sib xws thiab qhov sib txawv.

Nco ntsoov hauv psychology
Nco ntsoov hauv psychology

Cov pawg tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws muaj xws li hauv qab no:

  1. Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
  2. Chaw.
  3. Kev mob siab.
  4. Ability.

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab pawg hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws

Ib lub tswv yim yog ib lo lus uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov qauv dav dav thiab kev sib txuas ntawm ib pab pawg lossis qhov tshwm sim.

Qeb (nqe lus, kos npe) yog cov ntsiab lus dav dav uas cuam tshuam cov qauv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua.

Txhua yam kev tshawb fawb hauv nws txoj kev txhim kho txiav txim siab nws lub tswv yim thiab cov cuab yeej sib tw. Cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb tau muab faib ua raws li cov hauv qab no:

  • ntim;
  • ntshai;
  • kev dav dav.

Niaj hnub xav txog kev puas siab puas ntsws raws li kev tshawb fawb muaj ntau ntawm cov ntu ntu uas tau teev tseg saum toj no hauv kab lus. Txhua ntu muaj ob qho tib si kev puas siab puas ntsws categorical apparatus thiab nws tus kheej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog scientific.

Yuav ua li cas kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tshuamnatural science thiab philosophy. Nws teb cov lus nug nram no:

  1. Lub cev thiab tus ntsuj plig cuam tshuam li cas?
  2. Kev nco qab, kev xav thiab lub hlwb cuam tshuam li cas?
  3. Lub hlwb thiab lub cev lub cev ua haujlwm li cas?

Yog li, lub categorical apparatus ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws tshwm sim los ntawm ob txoj kev sib txawv sciences.

Txij li xyoo 1960, cov kws tshawb fawb txog kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm USSR tau ua haujlwm los piav qhia thiab muab cov tswv yim thiab cov cuab yeej siv hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws.

Txhua keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb txuas nrog kev tsim ntawm nws pawg thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, thaum xub thawj Yaroshevsky txawv "duab", "ua", "motive", "kev sib txuas lus", "cwm pwm" raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub hlwb.

Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv nees nkaum xyoo tom ntej, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb nto moo Leontiev, Platonov, Shorokhov, Asmolov thiab lwm tus kws paub txog kev puas siab puas ntsws Soviet, ib pawg loj ntawm cov ntsiab lus tau ntxiv rau lawv:

  • kev ua;
  • tus kheej;
  • kev nco;
  • psyche;
  • kev sib txuas lus;
  • social;
  • biological;
  • psychic phenomena;
  • reflection;
  • kev nco;
  • installation;
  • tsis nco qab;
  • kev sib txuas lus;
  • kev ua si thiab kev sib txuas lus;
  • kev ua haujlwm thiab kev teeb tsa.

Lub ntsiab lus xaus nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm kev daws teeb meem ntawm categorical apparatus nyob rau hauv psychology yog qhov tseeb hais tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los tsim tag nrho scientific system ntawm psychology nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm ib lub tswv yim (qeb).

Yog li, tau nees nkaum xyoo (los ntawm 1960 txog 1980) Soviet psychologists tau uacolossal thiab invaluable ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab txhais ntawm lub ntsiab pawg nyob rau hauv psychology. Hauv qhov no, kev puas siab puas ntsws thaum kawg tau ua tiav qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv Soviet Union.

Pom zoo: