Hom accentuation: nta

Cov txheej txheem:

Hom accentuation: nta
Hom accentuation: nta

Video: Hom accentuation: nta

Video: Hom accentuation: nta
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Txoj kev kawm ntawm tus kheej sib txawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov cwj pwm accentuations, belongs rau ib qho kev qhuab qhia cais - thaj tsam ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws sib txawv. Cov ceg no tau mob siab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb - Western thiab domestic.

Rationale rau kev tshawb fawb txog qhov zoo

Vim li cas thiaj yuav tsum tau kawm yam ntawm tus cwj pwm accentuation? Kev txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tib neeg ua raws li ob txoj haujlwm. Ua ntej, qhov no yog lub hom phiaj kev tshawb fawb - txhawm rau txheeb xyuas ntau pawg li sai tau, txhawm rau tsim cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lawv txhua tus. Cov chav kawm ntau dua yuav raug faib, qhov ua tau zoo dua yuav yog cov lus pom zoo rau lub hlwb rau lawv cov neeg sawv cev.

Thib ob, yuav tsum paub txog hom kev ua yeeb yam accentuation kom tus neeg nws tus kheej nkag siab txog cov yam ntxwv thiab qhov laj thawj ntawm nws tus cwj pwm, thiab tuaj yeem ua raws li qhov no, kho nws.

Ntau zaus txog qhov no, kev xav hauv ntiaj teb tsis txaus. Piv txwv li, muaj kev ntseeg ntau yam txog kev ua siab zoo ntawm cov neeg rog. Hloov pauv, tus neeg nyias nyias qee zaum pom tias yog kev ntxhov siab, ceev faj. Ntawm chav kawm, xws li kev faib ua pawg yuav muaj qee qhov tseeb. Kuv tsis tau zam qhov kev ua yuam kev hauv kev faib tawm, txawm tias twb nyob hauv kev kho mob, txawm tiasHippocrates: ib zaug ib tus kws kho mob thaum ub tau txuas ncaj qha rau qhov kev xav rau apoplexy nrog kev puv.

hom accentuation
hom accentuation

Tus kws kho mob hlwb hauv Soviet A. E. Lichko, zoo li German kws kho mob hlwb K. Leonhard, tau siv lub tswv yim ntawm "accentuation" hauv lawv txoj kev kawm. Thaum siv rau qee yam khoom, lo lus no txhais tau hais tias nws yog qhov tseem ceeb dua li lwm tus, zoo li hauv qab. Hauv lwm lo lus, accentuation yog qhov qhia txog qee yam cwj pwm zoo. Rau ib tus neeg uas muaj qhov zoo no lossis qhov zoo, qee qhov xwm txheej hauv zej zog yuav mob heev, thaum lwm tus yuav zam tau yooj yim. Kab lus no yuav txiav txim siab txog hom accentuation raws li Lichko thiab Leonhard.

Txoj kev xav ntawm qhov sib txawv tsis yog kev qhuab qhia nruj. Hom accentuation yeej ib txwm piav qhia hauv qhov xwm txheej, thiab xyaum tsis tau pom hauv lawv daim ntawv dawb huv. Txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem pom nws tus kheej hauv ob lossis ntau hom.

hom accentuation raws li Leonhard
hom accentuation raws li Leonhard

Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tso koj tus kheej rau hauv ib pawg yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis muaj kev xav. Muaj kev lom zem nrog kev sim siab, koj yuav tsum nug koj tus kheej cov lus nug: "Vim li cas kuv ua qhov no?" Yog tias ib tug neeg nkag siab tias nws koom nrog ib lossis lwm pab pawg, nws yuav tsum txhim kho rau nws tus kheej lub tswv yim tsim nyog ntawm kev them nyiaj, kev pab tus kheej. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum kawm cov lus qhia uas tau muab los ntawm cov kws kho mob hlwb rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov chav kawm sib txawv, thiab siv lawv hauv lub neej.

Classification by A. E. Lichko

Soviet psychologist tau kawm txog hom accentuation ntawm cov hluas. Hauv tag nrho, nws tau txheeb xyuas kaum ib pawg. Hom NtaCov cwj pwm accentuations hauv nws txoj kev xav muaj ntau yam sib xws nrog kev faib tawm ntawm Karl Leonhard. Xav txog lawv hauv kev txiav txim.

Hypertymous type

Qib siab ntawm lub zog, muaj peev xwm nrhiav kev sib cuag nrog tib neeg sai, kev ntshaw rau kev coj noj coj ua - tag nrho qhov no txawv ntawm hom hyperthymic accentuation. Lichko suav hais tias hyperthymia yog ib qho kev coj cwj pwm ntawm cov hluas. Lub suab siab siab ua rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg thawj coj hauv txhua lub tuam txhab. Lawv tsis txhoj puab heev. Lawv tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb, tab sis tsuas yog tias lawv ntsib kev tawm tsam tsis zoo rau lawv txoj haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis txhob sawv ntawm lawv txoj kev, tab sis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, txhawb kev ua si.

Qhov kev txaus siab ntawm kev txaus siab yog qhov tsis zoo uas yog hom hyperthymic accentuation muaj. Nws cov neeg sawv cev yuav muaj ntau lub peev xwm, tab sis lawv cov kev txaus siab tsis ruaj khov.

daig hom accentuation
daig hom accentuation

Cycloid type

Tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm pawg no yog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub siab. Lub xeev siab yog hloov los ntawm despondency, irritability. Ntxiv mus, qhov no tshwm sim nrog zaus ntawm ob mus rau peb lub lis piam.

Labile type

Lub suab siab ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas no, Lichko sau tseg, tsis tuaj yeem txhais tau tias qis qis lossis siab. Lawv lub siab tsis ruaj khov, nws qhov kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem tshwm sim sai heev. Hauv pawg no, ob hom subtypes kuj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv: reactive-labile thiab kev xav labile. Cov qub yog nquag mus rau lub siab hloov pauv vim yog lwm yam. Lwm lub xeev muaj ntau dua vim muaj kev paub sab hauv.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm hom labile qee zaum zoo li tsis quav ntsej rau lwm tus. Tab sis qhov no nyob deb ntawm rooj plaub - qhov teeb meem tiag tiag rau qee tus ntawm lawv tuaj yeem yog lub peev xwm los qhia lawv txoj kev xav. Muaj kev sib sib zog nqus rau cov neeg hlub, lawv tsis paub yuav ua li cas sib txuas lus rau lawv.

Astheno-neurotic yam

Cov neeg uas koom nrog pawg no yog cov neeg tuaj xyuas tseem ceeb hauv tsev kho mob. Lawv lub ntsiab sib txawv yog qhov concentration ntawm kev saib xyuas ntawm lub xeev ntawm lawv lub cev. Thaum lawv xav tias tsis zoo, lawv yuav xav tias muaj mob hnyav - lawv qhov kev tsis txaus siab nce mus txog qhov sib npaug.

ex alted hom accentuation
ex alted hom accentuation

hom kev xav

Tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas hauv pawg no, Lichko tau sau tseg, yog nce rhiab heev, uas yog tshwm sim hauv lawv tus cwj pwm. Cov neeg ntawm hom rhiab heev kuj txawv ntawm qhov mob khaus khaus. Lawv qhov tsis muaj zog yog cov tuam txhab loj. Lawv ib txwm tsis xis nyob hauv lawv, sim ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov tshwm sim, thiab qee zaum luam tawm tus cwj pwm ntawm lwm tus. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm hom rhiab tuaj yeem nyiam cov xim ntawm tag nrho lub tuam txhab, piv txwv li, mus rau qee yam kev ua kom yuam kev. Tab sis lawv ua tsis tau zoo, thiab lawv rov qab mus rau lub xeev yav dhau los dua tsuas yog nrog kev nyuaj siab ntau dua.

Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm hom rhiab yog kev mob siab, lub luag haujlwm, muaj peev xwm ua tau thiab tuav kev phooj ywg sib sib zog nqus.

Psychasthenic type

Nws yog indecisive. Txhua qhov xwm txheej niaj hnub tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov chaw rau kev puas siab puas ntswsmob tsis paub meej. Lawv txawv ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab kev ntseeg siab hauv lawv cov lus xaus. Tab sis tom kawg yog tsis tshua paub tseeb los ntawm deeds. Psychasthenics yog nquag ua impulsive tsuas yog nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd thaum nws tsim nyog ntsuas qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.

Schizoid type

Txawm hais tias lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev hauv sab hauv, schizoids tsis muaj peev xwm ua siab ntev - lawv tsis nkag siab rau lwm tus qhov mob. Hom schizoid ntawm accentuation muaj qhov zoo - cov neeg tsim khoom zoo tuaj tawm ntawm lawv. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg uas tau mus tom ntej kev vam meej ntawm noob neej yog schizoids. Lawv lub ntsiab feature, uas tam sim ntawd catches lub qhov muag, yog eccentricity. "Tsis yog lub ntiaj teb no," - qhov no tuaj yeem hais txog kev mob schizoids.

hom pedantic thiab ceev faj tshaj plaws. Nws yuav zoo li tias dab tsi yog qhov zoo ntawm cov cwj pwm no? Tab sis cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm hom yog qhov nyuaj rau kev xav hauv qee txoj haujlwm. Piv txwv li, cov xib fwb zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua lej lossis physics yog epileptoids. Lawv qhov raug thiab saib xyuas kom meej yog qhov zoo tsis txaus ntseeg hauv kev qhia cov kev tshawb fawb tiag tiag.

Hysteroid yam

Rau qeb no, tag nrho lub neej yog ib theem loj. Qee tus neeg yuav pib pom tias nws tsis txaus siab nyob hauv zej zog nrog hysteroid. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov kev xav tsis tu ncua los ua qhov tsom teeb. Tab sis rau qee txoj haujlwm, koom nrog hauv chav kawm no (nws tus khub hauv Leonhard's yog ib hom kev qhia pom zoo) yog qhov zoo dua. Piv txwv li, cov neeg muag khoom zoo, cov neeg ua yeeb yam, cov neeg hu nkauj tawm ntawm hysteroids.

hom tsis ruaj khov

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg no hauv Lichko tau dhau los ua cov tub ntxhais hluas tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm tshaj plaws. Cov no yog cov uas tsis muaj kev txaus siab ruaj khov, xyaum tsis xav txog lawv lub neej yav tom ntej. Cov tsis ruaj tsis khov tsis tuaj yeem mloog zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntev, lawv txawv los ntawm kev xav tsis tu ncua thiab kev lom zem.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws

Ib qho txawv ntawm cov neeg sib koom ua ke yog lub siab xav tsis txawv ntawm ib puag ncig. Lawv txoj kev ntseeg yog "ua zoo li txhua tus neeg." Ib qho tsis zoo ntawm pawg no yog kev nyiam ntxeev siab rau hauv qhov teeb meem nyuaj. Tus neeg ua raws li nws yuav tsis raug kev txom nyem - nws yuav nrhiav kev zam txim rau nws qhov kev ua.

Hom ntawm tus cwj pwm accentuation raws li Leonhard

Karl Leonhard tau txheeb xyuas kaum ob hom neeg. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, nws qhov kev faib tawm cuam tshuam nrog Lichko txoj kev xav, thiab qee hom hauv lawv zoo ib yam. Leonhard tsim peb pawg: thawj yog txuam nrog cov cwj pwm accentuations, qhov thib ob - nrog temperament accentuations. Cov txheej txheem rau kev xaiv pawg thib peb yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kheej (tseem ceeb rau tus kheej lossis hauv ntiaj teb sab nraud).

Ua ntej koj yuav tsum qhia qhov txawv ntawm tus cwj pwm thiab tus cwj pwm. Cov neeg uas tsis paub txog kev puas siab puas ntsws feem ntau cuam tshuam cov ntsiab lus no. Tab sis txawm tias qee tus kws kho kev puas siab puas ntsws xav tias kev npau taws thiab tus cwj pwm yog ib qho thiab tib yam.

Temperament yog qhov ceev ntawm tus neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov xwm txheej tsis tu ncua. Qhov zoo no yog ib qho cuab yeej physiological ntawm lub paj hlwb. Temperament muaj xws li kev xav, qib ntawm kev teb, sib npaug. Cwj pwm yog kev kawm rau pej xeem. Pib txij thaum yug losnyob ib puag ncig zoo li yog tso lawv lub cim rau ntawm tus menyuam. Kev sib raug zoo li no ua rau nws tus kheej.

Yog li, Karl Leonhard tau cais raws li tus cwj pwm, tus cwj pwm thiab tus cwj pwm, thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev xaiv pawg yog cov qauv ntawm tib neeg kev sib raug zoo.

Nyob zoo hais txog accentuations

  • Hyperthymic hom. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog mobility, sociability. Hauv menyuam yaus, hyperthyms muaj kev nco zoo thiab tau txais kev cob qhia yooj yim. Thaum hluas, kev tsis sib haum xeeb tuaj yeem ua tau, txij li cov pab pawg tsis tas yuav tso cai rau hyperthym los ua tus thawj coj. Raws li cov neeg laus, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg no tseem muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab muaj zog. Nws yooj yim nrhiav tau ib hom lus nrog lawv, yog tias koj tsis tawm tsam.
  • Dysthymic yam. Gloominess, phlegm, inhibition ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm dysthymics. Lawv nyob ntsiag to thiab zoo li yog incorrigible pessimists. Qhov zoo ntawm hom dysthymic yog lub luag haujlwm, tsim kev ncaj ncees.
  • Labile hom. Nws, raws li nyob rau hauv Lichko qhov kev faib tawm, yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm hloov mus sai sai. Txawm tias ib lo lus hais ntxhib tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm hom labile. Lub siab zoo tuaj yeem rhuav tshem txawm los nag.
  • Ex alted type. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm hom no yog cov tsis sib haum xeeb, hlub zej zog, attentive rau lwm tus. Hom ex alted accentuation yog txawv los ntawm amorousness, ib tug nyiam rau siab siab, thiab sociability. Cov neeg zoo li no tau cuam tshuam sai heev los ntawm cov xwm txheej sab nraud.ntawm lub ntiaj teb no - los ntawm qhov zoo lawv yooj yim tuaj mus rau kev zoo siab, los ntawm qhov tsis zoo - lawv muab rau hauv kev ntshai. Ntau tus tsim qauv, ntaus suab paj nruag thiab cov kws ua yeeb yam tau txais kev qhuas zoo heev.
ntxhov siab vim hom accentuation
ntxhov siab vim hom accentuation
  • tswb hom. Lub ntsiab feature yog kev xav ntawm kev ntxhov siab vim tsis muaj laj thawj. Cov menyuam yaus ntxhov siab tau raug lees paub sai los ntawm lawv cov phooj ywg, thiab vim lawv qhov kev txiav txim siab tsis txaus ntseeg, lawv tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov khoom thuam. Raws li cov neeg laus, lawv nyob twj ywm tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tsawg dua li lawv yog menyuam yaus. Nws yog qhov nyuaj rau cov neeg zoo li no los hais rau lawv tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, hom kev cuam tshuam ntawm accentuation muaj nws qhov zoo - nws cov neeg sawv cev muaj lub ntiaj teb nplua nuj sab hauv, thiab tseem muaj peev xwm los ntsuas lawv cov peev xwm txaus. Ntawm lwm hom, lawv pom qhov tseeb tshaj plaws.
  • hom kev xav. Nws ntseeg tau tias cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg no "xav" nrog kev xav. Lawv cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog kev ua siab zoo, lub luag haujlwm, kev nkag siab, kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Cov neeg ntawm hom kev xav tau tuaj yeem hnov zoo li so hauv lub tuam txhab ntawm cov neeg nyob ze. Lawv muaj siab mos siab muag, muaj lub siab hlub tshua, thiab txaus siab rau qhov zoo nkauj ntawm cov xwm txheej ntau dua li lwm tus. Hauv kev sib txuas lus nrog lawv, lawv txoj kev xav yeej ib txwm lees paub. Tus nqi tseem ceeb rau lawv yog kev sib raug zoo hauv tsev neeg thiab hauv chaw ua haujlwm. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm hom kev xav yog qhov yooj yim heev rau callousness thiab tus cwj pwm tsis zoo.

Accentuations raws li tus cwj pwm zoo

Stuck type. Ib tug neeg nyob hauv pawg no tuaj yeem nqa qee yam kev xav hauv nws tus kheej rau xyoo. Yog hais tias nws yog tus cwj pwm tsis zoo uas tsis raugqhia, lawv tsim txom tus neeg uas daig rau lub sij hawm ntev. Lub siab xav rau lub hom phiaj yog lub ntsiab yam ntxwv ntawm no accentuation. Hom daig yuav tau txais nws txoj kev tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi. Feem ntau, rau qhov no, nws nrhiav kev tuaj tos cov phooj ywg zoo. Cov uas tau daig ua cov thawj coj zoo hauv txhua yam haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias lawv txoj hmoo tsis yog rosy, lawv tuaj yeem dhau los ua cov thawj coj ntawm pawg neeg laib. Tsis tas li ntawd, zoo li kev ua yeeb yam, daig hom accentuation, nws yuav tsum tau lees paub los ntawm zej zog. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum yog qhov tsim nyog tau txais kev hwm tiag tiag, lub koob meej uas yog qhov ncaj ncees

Pedantic yam. Raws li nrog epileptoids nyob rau hauv Lichko kev faib tawm, cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pab pawg no yog scrupulousness thiab saib xyuas kom meej. Cov neeg pedantic muaj nuj nqis heev hauv chaw ua haujlwm ib puag ncig rau lawv lub luag haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov accentuation no tau tshwm sim hauv kev saib xyuas tus kheej kev noj qab haus huv, tsis muaj tus cwj pwm phem. Lwm sab ntawm lub npib rau cov neeg zoo li no yog qhov kev ntshai tas li ntawm kev ua yuam kev, perfectionism

excitable hom accentuation
excitable hom accentuation
  • hom kev txaus siab. Impulsivity, irritability, lub siab xav kom txaus siab rau lub surge impulses tam sim ntawd - qhov no yog dab tsi characterizes lub excitable hom accentuation. Cov neeg uas koom nrog pab pawg no feem ntau tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog kev tsis sib haum xeeb siab, uas feem ntau tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev tsim kev sib raug zoo tag nrho. Qhov kom zoo dua yog lawv nyob kiag tam sim no.
  • Kev ua qauv qhia. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los txiav txim, twb pib thaum muaj hnub nyoog ob xyoos. Cov me nyuam zoo li noib zaug tau nyob rau hauv lub tsom teeb, ces lawv sim yeej nws ntawm tag nrho cov nqi. Yog tias cov qauv no tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov niam txiv, ces lawv yuav luag ib txwm muaj kev hwm tus kheej uas tsis tshua muaj kev txhawb nqa los ntawm txhua yam. Cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm hom no tuaj yeem ua piv txwv rau lwm tus. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog ib txwm yooj yim kom paub tias lawv lub peev xwm hauv ib cheeb tsam tsis tshua muaj siab tshaj qhov nruab nrab. Ntawm qhov tod tes, ib hom kev ua yeeb yam ntawm accentuation distinguishes artistry, saj zoo nyob rau hauv khaub ncaws.

Nyob ntawm accentuations raws li tus cwj pwm zoo

  • Introverted hom. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tsom mus rau lawv cov kev paub dhau los, zam kev sib cuag. Kev muaj tiag rau lawv yog qhov thib ob hauv kev sib raug zoo rau lub ntiaj teb sab hauv. Introverts yog lub luag haujlwm, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, thiab kev hlub solitude.
  • Extrovert hom. Nws cov neeg sawv cev yog cov neeg ntseeg tus kheej uas nyiam nyob hauv cov neeg thiab tau txais lub zog los ntawm kev sib txuas lus. Lawv tsis nyiam nyob rau ntawm lawv lub neej sab hauv, ib txwm ua raws li qhov muaj tseeb tshwm sim rau lawv.
nta ntawm cov cim accentuation hom
nta ntawm cov cim accentuation hom

Tam sim no, Lichko txoj kev xav muaj ntau daim ntawv thov ntawm cov kws kho mob hlwb, raws li tus kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb fawb txog cov neeg noj qab haus huv (cov hluas). Leonhard qhov kev faib tawm feem ntau yog siv los ntawm cov kws kho mob hlwb. Txawm hais tias cov npe tau nthuav tawm hauv ob qhov kev faib tawm, cov pab pawg no tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog kev puas siab puas ntsws. Hom schizoid ntawm accentuation, piv txwv li, tsis muaj txoj hauv kev txhais tau tias muaj tus mob schizophrenia - tag nrho cov ntsiab lus yograws cai. Ntau hom accentuation txhais tau tias qhov hnyav ntawm qhov zoo yog nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj.

Pom zoo: