Qee zaum nws ntseeg tias cov cim tsuas yog hauv Orthodoxy xwb. Qhov no tsis yog tseeb kiag li. Catholics kuj muaj icons. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb. Xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm iconography thiab cov duab ntawm Catholic icons.
Qhia qhov txawv
Muaj qhov txawv tshwj xeeb. Yog li, hauv cov duab Catholic, sab laug tes ntawm cov neeg dawb huv nyob rau sab xis ntawm sab xis, thiab hauv cov duab Orthodox, sab tes xis yog nyob rau sab laug. Kos npe rau cov cim hauv Catholicism yog sau ua lus Latin. Thiab raws li lub Orthodox canon - Greek. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kev lig kev cai, nws tseem ua tau nrog lub Koom Txoos Slavonic ntawv.
Qhov txawv ntawm Orthodox thiab Catholic icons
Yog. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm lub cim Catholic thiab Orthodox ib qho yog qhov zoo "kev ua neej nyob", qhov kev xav ntawm daim duab, uas ua rau daim duab zoo li duab. Thaum pib, hauv Catholicism muaj ntau cov duab kos nrog ib zaj dab neeg hauv phau npaiv npaum li cov duab ntawm cov neeg ntseeg. Yog li ntawd, lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev qhia - cov duab thiab lub ntsej muag qhia, lub brightness ntawm cov xim - yog txawv heev rau Catholic thiab Orthodox icons. Piv txwv li, ib tug neeg dawb huv Catholic tej zaum yuav muaj lub kaus mom es tsis txhob halo. Qhov no tsis tuaj yeem ua tau hauv Orthodox kev lig kev cai. Tag nrho cov no yog txuas nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm lub icon. Hauv Catholicism, lawv feem ntau muab tso rau kev zoo nkauj thiab tsim kom muaj kev ntseeg, thiab tsis yog rauthov Vajtswv.
Tam sim no nyob rau hauv Catholicism muaj ib tug txaus tus naj npawb ntawm icons uas tsis yog ib tug zajlus, tab sis sawv cev rau ib tug duab ntawm ib tug neeg dawb huv. Tab sis lawv kuj qhia txog kev xav ntau dua ntawm lub ntsej muag, sau cov ntsiab lus thiab chiaroscuro dua li ntawm Orthodox. Tej zaum yuav muaj cov ntsiab lus tsis yooj yim sua rau Orthodox icons, xws li lub plawv ntawm Catholic icon ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv "Lub Plawv Tsis Zoo".
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov cim hauv Catholicism thiab Orthodoxy yog dab tsi
Qhov txawv ntawm Orthodox thiab Catholic icons yog vim kev coj noj coj ua thiab qee qhov sib txawv hauv ntiaj teb saib ntawm Catholics thiab Orthodox.
Thaum pib, lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Orthodox icon painting tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Byzantine. Nws, nyob rau hauv lem, tau zoo heev cuam tshuam los ntawm Eastern kev lig kev cai, cov yam ntxwv nta uas yog cov kab du, hnyav, majesty, solemnity, radiance. Lub hom phiaj ntawm daim duab ntawm no yog ua kom muaj kev thov Vajtswv rau hauv tib neeg, kev ntshaw rau Vajtswv, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv.
Lub cim Catholic tau tshwm sim hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej. Nws tshwm sim ua ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib lub ntsiab lus kev cai dab qhuas. Nws txoj hauj lwm yog qhia, qhia, qhia ib zaj dab neeg hauv phau Vajlugkub, thiab tsis txhob tsa lub siab thov Vajtswv. Lub sensuality ntawm icons yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj vim li cas cov Protestants tsis lees paub lawv raws li cov duab nyob deb ntawm Vajtswv.
Qhov txawv ntawm canons
Nyob rau hauv Orthodoxy, muaj ib tug kom meej meej canon ntawm lub icon painting - cov cai rau tsim ib tug icon. Nws tau tsim kom cov neeg pleev kob icon tsis tuaj yeem coj mus rau hauv cov cimtus kheej ntau dhau. Deviations los ntawm nws yog tsis yooj yim sua, tsuas yog rau xim, lub gamut ntawm uas yuav txawv nyob rau hauv txawv icon painting tsev kawm ntawv. Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, xim ib txwm nqa ib qho semantic load.
Piv txwv li, raws li lub canon, Vajtswv Leej Niam hnav ris tsho liab doog (lub cim ntawm lub hwj chim) thiab xiav chiton (lub cim ntawm ntuj ceeb tsheej, kev thaj yeeb nyob mus ib txhis). Nws lub cim yog tsim los ntawm cov ntawv Greek MR-MF. Ib txwm muaj halo. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv Orthodoxy muaj dluab ntawm nkauj xwb nyob rau hauv lub crown. Qhov no yog ib qho khoom qiv los ntawm Catholics lossis Uniates. Lub crown nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsis hloov lub halo, tab sis yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub icon tib lub sij hawm.
Tseem muaj nws tus kheej canons ntawm tus duab ntawm Yexus Khetos thiab cov neeg ntseeg. Raws li lub canon, yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ib tug portrait zoo ib yam, thiab cov yam ntxwv nta ua rau cov duab recognizable. Lwm yam khoom ntawm canon yog ob-dimensionality ntawm daim duab, rov qab foundations (loj ntawm cov khoom thaum lawv txav mus), tsis muaj duab ntxoov ntxoo. Tag nrho cov no yog npaj los qhia qhov zoo tshaj plaws duab ntawm Divine realm nyob rau hauv uas cov neeg ntseeg yog.
Tsis muaj canons tswj nws cov ntawv sau rau lub cim Catholic. Nws yog ib tug portrait los yog painting, qhov txawv feature ntawm uas yog lub xub ntiag ntawm neeg dawb huv thiab ib tug kev cai dab qhuas zajlus. Tag nrho lwm yam yog hais los ntawm kev xav ntawm tus kws kos duab. Lub Catholic icon yog pleev xim los ntawm tus sau. Feem ntau, tus neeg sau nws yog paub tseeb. Hauv Orthodox icon painting, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tsis qhia npe yog ib txwm muaj, txij li ntau tus neeg pleev kob icon feem ntau ua haujlwm ntawm lub cim. Txawm hais tias lawv feem ntau hais tias "lub cim ntawm Andrei Rublev" lossis "lub cim ntawm Theophan Greek",Nws yuav yog qhov tseeb los hu lawv "lub cim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Andrei Rublev" lossis "lub cim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Theophan Greek."
General Icons
Muaj cov cim sib npaug sib luag los ntawm Catholics thiab Orthodox. Piv txwv li, ib co Orthodox icons ntawm leej niam ntawm Vajtswv, xws li Kazan, Ostrobramskaya thiab lwm yam, yog revered los ntawm Catholics. Los yog lub cim ntawm Catholic kev lig kev cai "Tenderness ntawm Seraphim-Diveevskaya". Ua ntej nws, Saint Seraphim ntawm Sarov tau thov Vajtswv. Raws li cov Catholic icon ntawm Yexus Khetos "Kev Thov Vajtswv ntawm Khexemanes" ("Kev Thov Vajtswv rau khob").
Kev sib piv
Kom xav tau qhov sib txawv zoo dua, xav txog cov duab ntawm Catholic icon ntawm Virgin Mary (peb xav txog nws tsuas yog daim duab) - Botticelli "Lub Annunciation", nrog rau Orthodox icon "Ustyug Annunciation", tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XII los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Andrei Rublev. Lub Annunciation yog hnub so sib npaug ntawm cov ntseeg ntawm ob pawg ntseeg.
"Kev Tshaj Tawm" los ntawm Sandro Botticelli
Catholic icons yog qhov xav tau ntau dua, lawv piav txog tib neeg tiag tiag, tsis yog lawv cov duab. Nyob rau hauv kev cai dab qhuas painting los ntawm Botticelli, Mary zoo li lub ntiaj teb no zoo nkauj ntxhais, nyob rau hauv lub siab lub ntsws pose, hais txog nws txaj muag nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub Archangel Gabriel. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab tau sau meej meej - duab ntxoov ntxoo, cov khoom ntawm cov khaub ncaws, lub ntsej muag nta. Muaj kev xav - txhua yam khoom txo qis thaum lawv txav mus; qhov no tsis muaj nyob hauv Orthodox icons. Muaj ib qho kev faib tawm ntawm qhov chaw mus rau sab hauv thiab sab nraud, uas tsis pom nyob rau hauv Orthodox icon painting: Archangel thiab Niam ntawm Vajtswv nyob rau hauv chav tsev, ib tug toj roob hauv pes yog depicted sab nraum lub qhov rais.nroog.
Haloms saum taub hau yog xim av (hauv Orthodoxy - lub cim ntawm kev noj nyiaj txiag thiab tib neeg xwm txheej) thiab zoo li lub kaus mom, lawv zoo li cov khoom sib cais. Ntawm Orthodox icons, lawv yeej ib txwm ua nyob rau hauv cov xim ci thiab emanate los ntawm cov duab qhia, sawv cev, raws li nws yog, ib tug radiance emanating los ntawm sab hauv. Cov xim ntawm daim duab tsis muaj cim.
Icon "Ustyug Annunciation"
Lub cim "Ustyug Tshaj Tawm" yog ua los ntawm kev sib txawv kiag li. Qhov kev txiav txim yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lwm qhov, ob-dimensional dimension - tsis muaj qhov tob. Qhov no thiab lub teeb, kub keeb kwm yav dhau, cim lub Nceeg Vaj Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej, hais txog qhov sib txawv ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv thiab Archangel los ntawm cov neeg zoo tib yam.
Los ntawm qee cov ntsiab lus, ib tus tuaj yeem nkag siab tias qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub cim tseem tshwm sim hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb - lub tuam tsev, tab sis qhov chaw no tseem txawv, los saum ntuj los, tsis yog lub ntiaj teb no.
Cov duab yog ntsug, tsis muaj kev xav thiab kev xav. Tag nrho cov icon zoo li tau coj mus rau saum. Lub Tuam Tsev Teev Ntuj txhais tes raug tsa los foom koob hmoov, qhov tshwm sim ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv hais txog kev txo hwj chim ntawm Vajtswv lub siab nyiam. Tsis zoo li Botticelli painting, tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov khaub ncaws lossis lub ntsej muag. Lub ntsej muag huv si, txo hwj chim, tsis muaj lub ntsej muag yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm Orthodox icons.
Txhua yam xim tseem ceeb: cov khaub ncaws ntshav ntawm Virgin Mary qhia txog nws txoj kev zoo, cov xim ntsuab tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov khaub ncaws ntawm Archangel Gabriel txhais tau tias lub neej, xov xwm zoo siab ntawm kev xav ntawm lub neej tshiab.
Yog li, sab ntsuj plig yeej nyob hauv Orthodox icon;ntsug, hais txog kev ntshaw rau Ntuj. Hauv kev pleev xim los ntawm Botticelli, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qhov pib hauv ntiaj teb tau hais meej, kab rov tav ntawm daim duab tau qhia, zoo li khi qhov kev txiav txim rau lub ntiaj teb.
