Dab tsi yog tus ntoo khaub lig encolpion? Qhov thib ob ntawm cov lus no yog txawv teb chaws. Nws yog tsis tshua muaj siv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Qee tus neeg pom tias nws nyuaj rau hais. Thiab cov khoom nws tus kheej yog qhov tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim hauv lub neej niaj hnub no. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig encolpion yuav raug tham hauv kev tshuaj xyuas.
tswvyim
Txhawm rau sau nws, koj yuav tsum xub xa mus rau lub tswv yim ntawm "kev nyem". Qhov no yog lub npe dav dav rau ntau hom ntim khoom hauv cov khoom ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem khaws cia. Cov tom kawg yog cov seem ntawm cov neeg uas, tom qab tuag, tau canonized li neeg dawb huv. Lawv muaj cov cuab yeej ntawm kev tsis ncaj ncees, lawv raug kho nrog kev hwm. Nws ntseeg hais tias cov relics yog cov bearers ntawm txoj kev tshav ntuj.
Yuav kom muaj lawv cov khoom nrog koj, muaj cov khoom tsim muaj ntau yam duab. Cov no suav nrog:
- Kev cai dab qhuas hla. Ntawm lawv yog pectoral thiab thaj ntoo khaub lig. Ntawm cov tom kawg yog tus uas koom nrog Efrosinya ntawm Polotsk.
- Lub nkoj yog lub thawv me me tsim los khaws cov khoom qub. Nws tuaj yeem muaj cov relics ntawm ntau tus neeg ntseeg tib lub sijhawm.
- Kev ntseeg- txuas rau lub cim.
- Encolpion yog lub thawv me me rau cov khoom siv, uas tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam duab, xws li puag ncig lossis duab plaub. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj encolpion crosses. Peb yuav tham txog lawv hauv qab no.
Definition
Yog li, hom ntoo khaub lig hauv nqe lus nug yog lub hleb me me rau relics. Thiab tseem muaj cov khoom tso ntawm prosphora. Qhov no yog liturgical qhob cij uas yog siv thaum lub sij hawm los saum ntuj los cov kev pab cuam rau lub cim nco txog ntawm lub Eucharist nyob rau hauv Orthodoxy, nrog rau kev ua koob tsheej nco txog cov ciaj sia thiab cov neeg tuag thaum lub sij hawm lub Proskomedia.
Cov khoom ntawm relics thiab prosphora yog tsim los tiv thaiv ib tug neeg los ntawm txhua yam kev txom nyem, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sij hawm ntev mus taug kev thiab mus ncig. Thaum muab tso rau hauv tus ntoo khaub lig dawb huv, cov khoom ntawm lub relics yog nchuav nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb compound, uas yog ib tug siv quav ciab mastic uas tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los yog ntog.
Device
Tus ntoo khaub lig encolpion yog ib qho khoom siv folding uas muaj ob ntu hu ua sashes. Nyob rau sab hauv ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj ib tug so. Lub relic yog muab tso rau hauv no hollow seem. Sab saum toj thiab qis ntawm lub flaps yog txuas nrog hinges.
Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog kom lub relics dawb huv tau muab ntim rau hauv txoj kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws. Nyob rau sab sauv muaj ib hom nplhaib npaj rau hnav ib tug encolpion ntawm ib tug xov los yog ib tug saw, uas yog hu ua gaitana. Nws yog ib tug ntoo khaub lig.
History
Nyob rau thaum ntxov Christianity, cov laus, raws li txoj cai, tsis hnav khaub lig. Cov no yog cov medallions uas cov duab ntawm tus Crucifixion los yog Lamb tau ua, los yog encolpions. Lawv kuj hu ua "enclopius". Lo lus yog Greek keeb kwm. Hauv kev txhais lus, nws txhais tau tias "ntawm lub hauv siab", "hauv plab." Nws yog cov gizmos uas yog cov thawj coj ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig pectoral. Lo lus "pectoral" kuj txhais tau tias "hnav ntawm lub hauv siab", uas yog, "ntawm lub hauv siab." Nws tau hnav ib ncig ntawm caj dab, hnav hauv qab khaub ncaws lossis saum.
Ua ntej, encolpions tau ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm plaub-sided thawv uas yog khoob hauv. Sab nraum, lawv muaj ib daim duab ntawm ib tug monogram qhia txog Yexus Khetos lub npe. Feem ntau, cov khoom ntawm relics tau muab tso rau hauv lub thawv, thiab thaum lub sij hawm tsim txom cov ntseeg, cov npe uas ua los ntawm cov phau ntawv dawb ceev tau muab tso rau. Tom qab ntawd lawv pib ua ntoo khaub lig ntawm ntau yam duab.
Nyob rau xyoo 1571, thaum lub sijhawm khawb hauv Vatican, ob qhov chaw nyob hauv ib qhov ntxa. Raws li archaeologists, lawv nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm lub xyoo pua 4th AD. e.
Cov lus tim khawv ntawm John Chrysostom
Lawv muaj nyob hauv lub xyoo pua 4 yog pov thawj los ntawm John Chrysostom. Hauv ib qho ntawm nws cov lus hais, uas tau hais tawm tsam Lwm Haiv Neeg thiab cov neeg Yudais, nws tau lees tias Yexus yog tus Vajtswv tiag. Tus kws tshawb fawb nug tias yog vim li cas cov ntseeg txhua lub sijhawm tuaj txog ntawm tsob ntoo uas Yexus lub cev dawb huv raug ntsia?
“Vim li cas cov txiv neej thiab poj niam coob leej, tau txais ib qho me me ntawm tsob ntoo no, npog nws nrog kub thiab dai nws ib ncig ntawm lawv lub caj dab los ntawm kev dai kom zoo nkauj, vim nws yog ib lub cim ntawm kev rau txim thiab kev rau txim?” -nug tus Archbishop ntawm Constantinople.
Hauv tib lo lus, John theologian muab lus teb rau nws lo lus nug. Nws piav hais tias tus Tswv Vajtswv yog tus tsim lub ntiaj teb no, hloov nws, cawm nws ntawm kev phem, ua lub ntiaj teb ua ntuj. Nws kuj tau tsa lub cuab yeej uas txaj muag thiab ntxub tshaj plaws (tus ntoo khaub lig) saum ntuj ceeb tsheej lawv tus kheej.
Ntau tus neeg niaj hnub no tsis paub tias yav dhau los ib tug neeg dai ntawm tsob ntoo raug suav hais tias yog Vajtswv foom phem. Yog li ntawd, kev tuag raug ntsia saum ntoo khaub lig yog suav tias yog qhov txaj muag tshaj plaws. Qhov no piav qhia Chrysostom cov lus hais.
Nkauj zoo li tus
Thaum encolpies coj tus ntoo khaub lig, lawv tseem muaj qhov khoob hauv lawv, tsim los khaws cov khoom qub. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, lawv tau hnav los ntawm npis sov tshaj lawv lub tsho. Nyob rau hauv 1862, nyob rau hauv Rome, nyob rau hauv lub ruins ntawm lub Basilica ntawm St. Lawrence, uas yog tsim los ntawm Constantine lub Great, tau pom daim ntawv qub tshaj plaws. Nws nyob ntawm lub hauv siab ntawm ib tug pob txha faus ze ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Feem ntau nws yog tus npis sov.
Txawm tias qhov hla ntawm encolpia hauv Constantinople kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov ris tsho muaj koob muaj npe. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau tshwm sim hauv Russia. Qhov no tshwm sim ua ntej Peter I. Qee lub sij hawm lawv tau hnav khaub ncaws los ntawm cov hauj sam zoo tib yam, nrog rau cov neeg pious, piv txwv li, cov neeg taug kev. Encolpies ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab cov qauv tsim tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv ecclesiastical thiab archaeological collections. Yog li, lawv tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm St. Petersburg Theological Academy.
Cross Reliquary - ib hom encolpia
Ib txhia kis, xws li tus ntoo khaub lig (feem ntauniaj hnub no) suav hais tias yog ib hom reliquary. Yuav kom meej meej, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias, qhov tseeb, nws yog ib hom encolpia. Qee lub sij hawm lawv hu qhov ntawd. Outwardly, qhov no yog ib tug dog dig Orthodox ntoo khaub lig nrog ib tug crucifix. Txawm li cas los xij, lub encolpium yog npaj los khaws cov khoom ntawm cov relics dawb huv thiab lwm yam dawb ceev relics. Vim li no, nws hollow hauv.
Nws tuaj yeem ua tau ob qho tib si pectoral thiab altarpiece. Qhov tseem ceeb hauv nws yog nws lub zog tiv thaiv zoo heev. Nws ntseeg tau tias txawm tias me me ntawm cov relics hauv nws hloov lub zog thiab lub zog zoo kawg nkaus rau tus ntoo khaub lig.
Yuav kom meej meej, nws yuav tsum tau hais cais txog tus ntoo khaub lig thaj (tus ntoo khaub lig pectoral tau hais saum toj no). Tus ntoo khaub lig lub thaj yog ib tug Orthodox thaj ntoo khaub lig, ib tug crucifix, uas yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub zwm txwv nyob rau hauv lub thaj ntawm lub tuam tsev. Nws yog siv thaum kawg ntawm lub liturgy, thaum tus pov thawj foom koob hmoov rau cov neeg ncaj ncees, thiab lawv hnia nws. Ib yam li thaum kawg ntawm kev cai raus dej, kab tshoob, kev lees txim, kev ua tsis tiav. Yog hais tias lub reliquary yog altarpiece, ces, ntawm chav kawm, nws yuav tsis tau hu ua ib tug encolpion, thiab tus ntoo khaub lig pectoral yog ib tug.
Pectoral reliquary crosses yog tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg taug kev mus rau qhov chaw dawb huv. Nyob rau hauv lawv yog ib tug me me lub nkoj nrog shrines khaws cia nyob rau hauv nws. Nyob rau pem hauv ntej yog tus ntsia saum ntoo khaub lig.
Nws yog framed nrog acanthus nplooj. Qhov no yog ib tug motif uas thaum chiv thawj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ancient kos duab thiab tau dav nyob rau hauv lub architecture ntawm Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws, Rome thiab Byzantium. Nws tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm acanthus, ib tsob nroj herbaceous nrog nplooj uas muaj ob peb ntse kawg. Daim ntawv no tsim lub hauv paus ntawm kev kos duab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntseeg Vajtswv, acanthus nplooj yog lub cim ntawm flowering ntawm lub vaj Eden.
Inside the holy cross is put the image of the Virgin called "The Sign". Sab nraub qaum yog ib qho kev thov Vajtswv uas pib nrog cov lus "Cia Vajtswv sawv rov qab los." Thiab thaum kawg - cov lus los ntawm Yexus Thov Vajtswv.
Meaning
Reliquaries-encolpies tshwm nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Niaj hnub no lawv tuaj yeem pom hauv tsev cia puav pheej, txawm hais tias muaj ntau ntawm lawv tsis muaj relics. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov muaj lawv nyob hauv thiab tseem ua txuj ci tseem ceeb.
Cov pob tawb kuj siv los khaws cov khoom qub. Txawm li cas los xij, rau ib tus neeg ntseeg tshwj xeeb, tus ntoo khaub lig yog qhov nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Koj tuaj yeem muaj nws nrog koj ib txwm. Ces lub hwj chim muab los ntawm lub relics ntawm cov neeg dawb huv yuav txhawb nqa thiab tiv thaiv ib tug neeg thaum twg los tau.
Raws li txoj cai, jewelers ua niaj hnub encolpia hla nrog kev saib xyuas zoo. Lawv tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab ntawm cov neeg ntseeg thiab cov pob zeb zoo nkauj. Ib daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb yog sau rau hauv thiab muab ib daim duab ntxiv ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig.
