Novo-Nikolsky Cathedral (Mozhaisk): piav qhia, keeb kwm, relics thiab thaj neeb

2024 Tus sau: Miguel Ramacey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 06:20

pawg ntseeg Orthodox hauv tebchaws Russia yog cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv lub majestic architecture, huv si thiab inspiring cua, cov dab neeg feem ntau muab zais, tag nrho ntawm mysteries, kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab ntshav tawm tsam rau txoj kev ntseeg. St. Nicholas Cathedral (Mozhaisk) yog qhov pom tseeb tiag tiag ntawm qhov no. Txawm hais tias qhov vagaries ntawm xwm thiab keeb kwm kev tsis sib haum xeeb, nws tau tiv thaiv ntau pua xyoo thiab tseem ua rau thaj av dawb huv ntawm Russia. Nws keeb kwm yog dab tsi? Thiab lub tuam tsev zais cia thiab thaj chaw dab tsi nyob hauv nws phab ntsa?

Qhov chaw

Lub nroog uas St. Nicholas Cathedral nyob yog Mozhaisk. Nws nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow thiab yog ib lub nroog qub ntawm Russia. Thawj qhov hais txog nws nyob rau hauv keeb kwm hnub rov qab mus rau 13th-14th centuries. Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm archaeological excavations, pom yos rov qab mus rau 3 xyoo txhiab BC tau pom. e. Kev daws teeb meem thiab kev tiv thaiv tau ua raws li toj roob hauv pes (tam sim no Cathedral Roob)nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub qis nce mus txog ntawm tus dej Mozhaika. Ib me ntsis tom qab, lub Mozhaisk Kremlin tau tsim ntawm no. Thaum xub thawj nws yog ntoo. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th muaj hluav taws. Yog vim li cas rau nws, raws li qee qhov chaw, tuaj yeem yog kev nyiag khoom thiab kev tawm tsam thaum lub sijhawm hloov daim di ncauj. Tom qab ntawd, av ramparts thiab ib tug burnt pob zeb pej thuam tseem nyob ntawm lub fortress. Tom qab ntawd, ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Ivan the Terrible, Mozhaisk Kremlin tau rov ua dua.

Tebchaws keeb kwm

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv annalistic, St. Nicholas Cathedral tau tsim nyob rau tib lub sijhawm raws li lub fortress, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 12th, thiab nyob rau ntawm lub rooj vag St. Nicholas. Thaum xub thawj ntoo, nws tsis muaj sia nyob ntawm hluav taws, yog li lub tuam tsev dawb-pob zeb tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th. Lub sijhawm ntawd nws hu ua Cathedral ntawm St. Nicholas tus Wonderworker. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm Polish-Lithuanian ntxeem tau, lub tuam tsev tau plundered, tab sis lub tsev ciaj sia. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, lub tsev teev ntuj tau rov ua dua. Lub rooj vag (sab sauv) lub tsev teev ntuj nrog lub rooj vag Nikolsky tsim lub New Nikolsky Cathedral, thiab hauv qab no, ntsig txog, lub qub Nikolsky Cathedral nyob. Qhov thib ob, tom qab ob peb qhov kev tsim kho thiab rov tsim kho dua tshiab, tau los ua lub npe hu ua Peter thiab Paul Lub Koom Txoos.

Kev piav qhia

Outwardly, Novo-Nikolsky Cathedral tsuas yog ib feem zoo ib yam li lub tsev teev ntuj Orthodox. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv pseudo-Gothic style, uas yog hu ua Lavxias teb sab Gothic. Qhov no tuaj yeem twv tau yooj yim los ntawm cov qauv tsim qauv txawv txawv thiab lub Hnub Qub David ntawm lub pediment. Sab hauv, lub tuam tsev yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ob kem carved thiab ntoo (!) pej thuam ntawm cov ntseeg. Qhov txawv ntawm style nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau lub niaj zaus (Orthodox) kuj ntxiv dag zog los ntawm ib tug ntse sib piv nrog Staro-NikolskyCathedral (tam sim no Peter thiab Paul Church).

Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Novo-Nikolsky sawv ntawm lub rooj vag Nikolsky saum toj thiab pom zoo kawg nkaus ntawm qhov nkag mus rau hauv nroog. Cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia thiab cov duab kos duab tsis tau khaws cia. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov chaw hais tias tus kws kos duab Lavxias thiab tus kws kos duab Alexei Bakarev yog tus sau ntawm qhov project cathedral.

Nws ntseeg tias kev tsim lub tuam tsev pib xyoo 1779, thiab tsuas yog ua tiav xyoo 1814 xwb. Nws tau mus nrog kev cuam tshuam thiab kev hloov pauv raws sijhawm ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam, nrog kev ntxiv thiab kho dua tshiab. Ntawm nws cov phab ntsa muaj ib qho txawv txawv cim. Nws yog nws uas muab keeb kwm keeb kwm los sib cav txog "Masonic" version ntawm kev tsim kho. Qhov no kuj yog qhia los ntawm Masonic cawv uas muaj nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv cov xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov kws tshawb fawb koom nrog hnub ua tiav nrog 500th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev tuag ntawm tus tswv kawg ntawm Knights Templar, Jacques de Molay. Xyoo 1314 nws raug hlawv ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg.

Lub tuam tsev kuj suav nrog phab ntsa 11-meter ntawm Mozhaisk Kremlin, uas phom Polish tsis tuaj yeem rhuav tshem ib zaug. Thiab raws li lub hauv paus, masonry thaum ub tau siv, uas yog qhov txawv ntawm nws lub zog tshwj xeeb thiab kev ntseeg tau.

Cathedral kaw

Los ntawm 1933 txog 1994 - lub sijhawm tsis meej thiab tsis paub tseeb hauv lub neej kev ntseeg hauv nroog. Yog vim li cas tsis paub, St. Nicholas Cathedral raug kaw. Mozhaisk tau raug puas tsuaj thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj. Thiab txawm hais tias lub tuam tsev tau rov qab los (tsis muaj lub hauv paus domed rotunda), nyob rau hauv lub 60s lub knitting Hoobkas nyob ntawm no. Thiab nees nkaum xyoo tom qab lub cathedral thiab tseemob peb lub tsev raug xa mus rau lub tuam tsev ntawm Borodino Tub Rog Keeb Kwm Tsev khaws puav pheej. Tsuas yog xyoo 1994 xwb thiaj li tau txais kev pabcuam los saum ntuj los hauv pawg ntseeg.

Landslide

Hauv xyoo 2013, muaj av qeeg muaj zog hauv Mozhaisk. Cov av tawg los ntawm lub roob uas lub Novo-Nikolsky Cathedral nyob. Amazing, tab sis muaj tseeb. Lub tsev tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias av qeeg nres qee qhov 17 meters ntawm lub tuam tsev. Raws li lwm qhov chaw, kev puas tsuaj me tseem tau ua rau nws phab ntsa sab hnub poob. Stucco tau tawg thiab cib tau poob tawm. Cov neeg nyob hauv nroog yeej ib txwm paub txog kev nyab xeeb thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, tab sis txuas ntxiv mus koom cov kev pabcuam. Thiab tsis ntev lawv tau sau ib tsab ntawv mus rau Ministry of Culture ntawm Russia piav qhia txog txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Orthodox hauv Mozhaisk thiab thov kom ntxiv dag zog rau nws. Hauv xyoo 2014, tag nrho cov haujlwm kho dua tshiab tau ua tiav.

Kev Tsis Pom Zoo

Nws paub tias St. Nicholas Cathedral ua ntej lub sij hawm revolutionary khaws cov relics ntawm cov neeg ntseeg (Sergius ntawm Radonezh, Prince Vladimir, Lavrenty lub Sharpener, Hieromartyrs Macarius thiab Barbara, St. Michael ntawm Stadsky thiab Nikon Sukhoi). Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1919 lawv tau ploj mus yam tsis muaj ib qho chaw.

Lwm qhov kev ploj mus tsis meej tshwm sim thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1922. Lub sij hawm no qhov kev poob yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab khoom siv. Ob lub ubrus nrog cov duab ntawm Leej Niam, ob lub hnub qub, ib lub chalice nrog cov duab ntawm cov neeg ntseeg, cov ntoo khaub lig kub thiab lub cim ntawm Peter kuv raug ntes. Kujlub miter thiab riza ploj los ntawm cov duab ntawm Nikola Mozhaisky. Leej twg seized lub thaj neeb yog tsis paub. Lawv ploj mus yam tsis muaj ib tug taug.

Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias muaj ntau zaj lus tim khawv, xyoo 1925, tus kws sau keeb kwm hauv zos N. I. Vlasyev, sawv cev rau cheeb tsam Mozhaisky, tau piav qhia meej txog riza ntawm Nikola Mozhaisky hauv nws phau ntawv sau nrog sau tseg tias nws tau khaws cia hauv Kremlin Armory.

Icon

Lub cim ntawm Nikolai Mozhaisk, tus neeg saib xyuas neeg dawb huv ntawm nws cov neeg nyob, yeej ib txwm muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb rau lub nroog Mozhaisk. Thawj tus hais txog nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub epics "Sadko", "Mikhailo Potyk". Kuj tseem muaj cov lus dab neeg qub. Raws li nws, ib zaug lub nroog raug besieged los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Xav tias muaj kev phom sij, cov neeg nyob hauv Mozhaisk pib thov Vajtswv rau Nicholas Wonderworker. Tsis ntev tom ntej no muaj ib daim duab zoo kawg nkaus ntawm cov neeg dawb huv tau tshwm sim saum lub fortress. Lub ci ntsa iab ntaj thiab lub ntsej muag txaus ntshai ua rau cov yeeb ncuab ntshai. Qhov no yog li cas St. Nicholas los ua tus neeg dawb huv ntawm lub nroog Mozhai. Tom qab ntawd, ib tug pej thuam ntoo raug tsim. Daim duab qhia txog ib tug neeg dawb huv nrog rab ntaj ntawm nws sab xis thiab lub fortress Mozhaisk nyob rau hauv nws sab laug.

Cov duab puab tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov nyiaj chased riza thiab miter nrog pearls loj, tus ntoo khaub lig golden thiab pob zeb zoo nkauj. Tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm lub hauv siab thiab lub kaus mom yog ua los ntawm cov kub dawb huv, thiab cov ntoo ntaj thiab lawg ntawm Mozhai tau ua gilded.

Daim duab ntawm St. Nicholas tau muab tso rau hauv St. Nicholas Cathedral. Thaum tsov rog xyoo 1812, lub tuam tsev (tseem tsis tau tiav) tau puas tsuaj loj, tab sis cov duab puab thiab lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev teev ntuj tseem muaj sia nyob, vim lawv tau muab zais rau hauv cellars. Niaj hnub no lub relic yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv Moscow, nyob rau hauv lub Tretyakov Gallery. Thiab hauvSt. Nicholas Cathedral tso lub cim ntawm Saint.

Npaj qhov tseeb

• Daim duab txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm St. Nicholas, ntsia ntawm lub rooj vag Nikolsky, tiv thaiv Mozhaisk los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. coincidence los yog divine providence, tab sis thaum lub icon raug tshem tawm ntawm lub nroog, nws tam sim ntawd ntes los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Nov yog lus dab neeg hauv nroog, tiam sis tsis qhia hnub tim thiab txheej xwm.
• Nws paub tias hauv Russia muaj ntau tshaj li kaum lub tsev teev ntuj St. Nicholas. Ib qho loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, nyob rau hauv Orenburg - ib qho ntawm feem ntau mus xyuas. Thiab Nikolsky Cathedral (Mozhaisk) tej zaum yog tus hlob tshaj ntawm nws cov "kwv tij" thiab txawv txawv nyob rau hauv style ntawm architecture.
• Ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb tshwm sim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th thaum lub koob tsheej ncaj ncees hauv Mozhaisk. Tshaj Nikolsky Cathedral rau ob peb hmo ua ke, pom lub ci ntsa iab. Cov neeg hauv nroog thaum xub thawj yuam kev rau qhov hluav taws, thiab thaum pom nws tawm, lawv suav tias yog qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb thiab tau koob hmoov los ntawm tus Tswv.

Hnub no

Tam sim no, cheeb tsam Mozhaisk muaj npe nrov rau ntau tshaj li kaum ob qhov kev nyiam. Orthodox pawg ntseeg yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lawv. Nikolsky Cathedral yog thawj qhov chaw hauv daim ntawv teev npe no. Mozhaisk khaws nws cov keeb kwm nplua nuj thiab pos huab. Txog rau tam sim no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau sib cav seb nws puas yog ib qho txiaj ntsig ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai lossis lwm lub cim Masonic. Tab sis rau Orthodox parishioners, qhov no tsis muaj teeb meem. Cov neeg ntseeg tuaj ntawm no los ntawm thoob plaws tebchaws Russia los venerate dawb huv dluab thiab relics thiab hnov lub ntshiab thiabkev tshoov siab cua. Nikolsky Cathedral yog ib tug monument keeb kwm tiag tiag, uas, nrog rau lwm cov tuam tsev thaum ub, nco txog lub hwj chim ntawm txoj kev ntseeg Orthodox, yog li kev tshoov siab thiab koom ua ke rau cov neeg Lavxias.