Danilov Monastery hauv Moscow. Danilov Stauropegial Monastery

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Danilov Monastery hauv Moscow. Danilov Stauropegial Monastery
Danilov Monastery hauv Moscow. Danilov Stauropegial Monastery

Video: Danilov Monastery hauv Moscow. Danilov Stauropegial Monastery

Video: Danilov Monastery hauv Moscow. Danilov Stauropegial Monastery
Video: Yuav tawm ntawm txoj kev txom nyem tau li cas? 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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St. Danilov Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow yog suav hais tias yog ib tug ntawm cov hiob monasteries nyob rau hauv lub Moscow River. Nws yog ib tug tshwj xeeb piv txwv ntawm zoo nkauj Lavxias teb sab architecture. Lub complex ntawm monastic tsev muaj xws li ob peb lub tsev teev ntuj, rectors 'quarters, ib tug fraternal tsev, lub patriarchal nyob thiab lub DECR lub tsev.

Hnub no, lub tsev teev ntuj yog ob qho tib si ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab kev tswj hwm chaw ntawm Orthodox Russia - nws muaj ntau lub chaw ua liaj ua teb nyob hauv Ryazan, Moscow thiab cheeb tsam Moscow.

Danilov monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow
Danilov monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow

History ntawm Danilovsky Monastery

Nyob rau xyoo 1282, raws li kev txiav txim ntawm tus huab tais dawb huv, tus ncaj ncees Daniel ntawm Moscow, tus txiv neej St. Danilov Monastery tau tsim. Tab sis lub tsev teev ntuj tsis kav ntev - raws li cov lus dab neeg, tom qab ob peb xyoos nws raug xa mus rau lub Kremlin thiab renamed lub Spassky Monastery. Nws muaj dua lwm version: ua ntej nws tuag, Saint Prince Daniel los ua ib tug hauj sam thiab raug faus rau hauv nws lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv 1303.

Raws li Phau Ntawv Teev Ntuj, raws li keeb kwm thiab kev sau ntawv, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th muaj ib lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, muab fij rau Daniel tus Stylite, saum ntuj ceeb tsheej patron neeg dawb huv. Foom koob hmoov rau Prince Daniel ntawm Moscow. Monastic lub neej rov qab mus rau qhov chaw no tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Ivan lub txaus ntshai, nyob rau hauv 1560. Muaj kev xav tias Danilov Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow tau tsa rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub qub necropolis.

Nyob rau xyoo 1561, lub tsev teev ntuj lub tsev teev ntuj tau muab fij rau kev hwm ntawm cov txiv dawb huv ntawm xya pawg ntseeg Ecumenical.

Danilov Monastery hauv Moscow tau raug rhuav tshem ib nrab xyoo 1610, cuam tshuam nrog kev tua hluav taws los ntawm False Dmitry II. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, lub pob zeb phab ntsa nrog cov yees tau tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Cov ntaub ntawv tau khaws cia tias xyoo 1710 lub tsev teev ntuj cov kwv tij suav nrog 30 tus txiv plig.

Dawb Huv Danilov Monastery
Dawb Huv Danilov Monastery

Danilov Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow: lub sij hawm ntawm Soviet hwj chim

Txawm hais tias xyoo 1918 lub tuam tsev tau raug kaw tiag tiag, lub tsev teev ntuj txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 1930. Nyob rau xyoo 1920, ntau tus npis sov, tsa los ntawm Patriarch Tikhon ntawm Moscow, nyob hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj dawb huv, tab sis tsis tau txais kev tswj hwm diocesan vim muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov nom tswv hauv ntiaj teb.

Xyoo 1929, tau txiav txim siab kaw lub tsev teev ntuj, thiab NKVD txais tos-chaw muag khoom tau nruab rau hauv nws cov phab ntsa. Tsis ntev lub tswb pej thuam tau raug rhuav tshem tsis muaj kev hlub tshua, tab sis, hmoov zoo, lub tswb tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm kev tawg (ua tsaug rau kev siv zog ntawm Charles Crane, tus kws tshaj lij Asmeskas thiab cov kws ua lag luam). Txog xyoo 2007, lawv nyob hauv phab ntsa ntawm Harvard University, tom qab ntawd lawv tau rov qab los rau lawv lub tebchaws. Thaum lub tsev teev ntuj dawb huv raug kaw, ib feem ntawm cov ntawv sau khaws cia hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv raug xa mus rau Moscow archives (tam sim nolub sijhawm lawv nyob hauv RGADA).

Txij li xyoo 1930, lub tsev teev ntuj tau nyob ib qho chaw cais tawm rau cov menyuam yaus ntawm nom tswv thiab cov neeg raug tsim txom. Cov tub ceev xwm ntawm USSR tau hais kom tag nrho cov menyuam yaus tawm mus yam tsis muaj niam txiv vim yog kev tsim txom kom raug coj mus rau tsev laus. Cov xwm txheej uas cov menyuam ntsuag nyob tsis muaj neeg: vim tsis muaj kev noj haus thiab kev saib xyuas zoo, ntau tus tau mob thiab tuag, lawv tau faus rau ntawm no - hauv lub qub tsev teev ntuj toj ntxas.

Tom qab xyoo 1930, cov relics ntawm St. Daniel ntawm Moscow tau raug xa tawm sab nraum cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, mus rau lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Sawv Rov Los ntawm Lo Lus. Ua ke nrog kev kaw lub tuam tsev hauv xyoo 1929, cov ntaub ntawv kawg txog kev txav mus los ntawm cov neeg dawb huv ntxiv lawm, thiab lawv qhov chaw nyob tseem tsis paub txog hnub no.

Danilov Monastery Pokrovsky lub tsev teev ntuj
Danilov Monastery Pokrovsky lub tsev teev ntuj

Nkauj ntseeg vaj tswv

Xyoo 1983, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm tsoomfwv USSR, nws tau txiav txim siab rov qab St. Danilov Monastery rau lub tsev teev ntuj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj tau tso cai pib tsim cov chaw tshiab uas yuav tsum tau siv rau kev siv.

Tom qab lub tsev teev ntuj rov qab los rau nws lub tsev teev ntuj chaw nres nkoj, Archimandrite Evlogii (Smirnov) tau los ua nws thawj tus saib xyuas. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau pib rov zoo thiab tau maj mam rov qab los nrog cov nyiaj los ntawm Moscow lub tsev teev ntuj parishes thiab los ntawm tag nrho cov dioceses ntawm Patriarchate.

Ib lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau kev kho dua tshiab thiab kho dua tshiab ntawm lub tuam tsev tau raug teeb tsa thiab raug xaiv los ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm Holy Synod. Kev kho kom zoo dua qub yog coj los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse I. I. Makovetsky.

kev pabcuam Monasticpib ua kev zoo siab dua los ntawm Great Lent nyob rau hauv 1984. Nyob rau hauv 1985, thawj zaug fij rau lub zwm txwv ntawm lub Koom Txoos qis Intercession tau ua. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, lub DECR tau tsiv mus rau lub tshiab fraternal restored tsev.

Nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm kev ua koob tsheej ntawm 1000th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev cai raus dej ntawm Russia, solemn festive txheej xwm tau tuav nyob rau hauv lub monastery phab ntsa. Hnub Sunday ntawm Tsoom Haiv Neeg Ntseeg hauv Hnub Nyoog Kawg, muaj kev ua koob tsheej ua koob tsheej, koom ua ke los ntawm ntau tus yawg koob (Antioch, Yeluxalees, Moscow, Georgian, Romanian, Bulgarian yawg suab thiab ntau tus npis sov tau koom nrog hauv kev pabcuam).

Lub Peb Hlis 2007, tau txais kev pom zoo kom rov qab lub tswb nrov ntawm Danilov Belfry rau Moscow, ua tsaug rau kev mob siab rau ntawm tus neeg ua lag luam Viktor Vekselberg, uas xav tias tag nrho cov nqi ntawm qhov project.

Cov tuam tsev ntawm Danilov Monastery
Cov tuam tsev ntawm Danilov Monastery

Temples ntawm Danilov Monastery

Lub tsev niaj hnub complex nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm 18th-19th centuries. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, cov tsev ntxiv tau tsim ntawm no, tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm DECR.

Ntawm lwm qhov chaw nyiam, Danilov Monastery hauv Moscow tuav qhov chaw tshwj xeeb. Cov duab ntawm cov tuam tsev, chapels thiab architectural vaj tse ntawm lub monastery eloquently hais txog qhov zoo nkauj ntawm qhov chaw no.

Lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Leej Txiv ntawm Xya Ecumenical Councils

Nyob rau xyoo 1730, lub tsev teev ntuj qub zeb ntawm Cov Txiv Plig Dawb Huv ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Ecumenical tau raug rhuav tshem, thiab tsis ntev los no tau tsim kho dua tshiab rau ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj qub Intercession, uas tau los ua lub hauv paus hauv qab ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tshiab. Nws suav hais tias yog lub hauv paus ntawm lwm lub tsev ntawm xws li architecturalcomplex, zoo li Danilov Monastery. Lub Koom Txoos Intercession, xav tias tsim nyob rau xyoo 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, yog lub tsev qub tshaj plaws uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no. Muaj ib lub tsev teev ntuj qhuas tus yaj saub dawb huv Daniyee.

Hauv xyoo 1806, ob lub tsev teev ntuj raug fij rau hauv pawg ntseeg sab saud. Txij li thaum xyoo pua 18th, lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Daniel tus Stylite, uas yog tus tiv thaiv thiab patron ntawm lub monastery dawb huv, tau nyob rau hauv lub thib peb tier ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj.

Gate Church

Ntxiv rau cov tsev teev ntuj saum toj no, cov txheej txheem vaj tsev ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj suav nrog Gate Church mob siab rau St. Simeon tus Stylite, ua rau xyoo 1731.

Trinity Cathedral

In 1833-1838, Trinity Cathedral, tsim nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm Lavxias teb sab classicism, tau tsim raws li qhov project ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse O. I. Bove. Lub tsev muaj ib tug cubic duab, nws facade yog decorated nrog Tuscan porticoes. Lub tsev teev ntuj muaj ob lub tsev teev ntuj mob siab rau lub tsiab peb caug ntawm conception ntawm ncaj ncees Anna thiab St. Alexis, tus txiv neej ntawm Vajtswv. Kev fij ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Orthodox tau tshwm sim rau lub Cuaj Hlis 13, 1838, nws tau ua los ntawm Metropolitan Filaret ntawm Moscow.

Danilov monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow yees duab
Danilov monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow yees duab

Modern chapels

Nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm kev ua koob tsheej ntawm 1000th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev cai raus dej ntawm Russia, lub Memorial thiab Nadkladeznaya chapels tau tsim, tsim los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Yu G. Alonov. Niaj hnub nimno vaj tse haum txig rau hauv architectural muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub tuam tsev monastery.

YDanilov necropolis

Nyob rau xyoo pua 19th, lub toj ntxas monastery tau dhau los ua qhov chaw faus neeg ntawm cov neeg Lavxias. Muaj kev xav tias qhov nothawj Moscow monastery necropolis. Raws li kev tshawb fawb archaeological, nws tuaj yeem sib cav hais tias kev faus neeg ntawm qhov chaw no tau ua ua ntej kev txhim kho lub tsev teev ntuj los ntawm John IV, rov qab rau xyoo pua 15th. Pob zeb tombstones ntawm lub 15th-16th centuries nrog inscriptions nyob rau hauv German thiab Latin tau pom thaum lub sij hawm excavations nyob rau hauv 1869-1870, uas qhia tau hais tias lub faus ntawm no ntawm txawv teb chaws kawm los yog lub zos Kukui Germans.

Danilov monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow chaw nyob
Danilov monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow chaw nyob

Tom qab xyoo pua 17th, cov txiv plig thiab cov abbots ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, cov uas yog cov neeg tseem ceeb hauv tsev teev ntuj, tau muab faus rau ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Cov neeg ua haujlwm siab thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nom tswv, aristocracy, patrons ntawm kev ua yeeb yam kuj raug faus rau ntawm no. Tab sis lub ntxa ntawm cov neeg nto moo xws li N. V. Gogol, A. S. Khomyakova, Yu. F. Samarin, Prince V. A. Cherkassky, A. I. Koshelev, Yu. I. Venelin thiab lwm tus.

Xyoo 1931, lub tsev teev ntuj necropolis raug rhuav tshem, thiab cov seem ntawm NV Gogol, DA Valuev, Khomyakov cov txij nkawm thiab N. M. Yazykov tau pauv mus rau Novodevichy tojntxas ntawm lub nroog.

Tom qab rov qab los ntawm St. Danilov Monastery mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj muaj, ib lub tsev tshiab tau rebuilt ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub necropolis - lub patriarchal chaw nyob.

Txiv neej hu nkauj ntawm St. Danilov Monastery

Nyob rau xyoo 1994, cov txiv neej ua yeeb yam hu nkauj hu nkauj ntawm Danilov Monastery tau teeb tsa. Nws muaj cov kws tshaj lij suab paj nruag, suab paj nruag - cov ntawv pov thawj kawm tiav ntawm cov tsev kawm suab paj nruag thiab choral hauv lub nroog. Artistic director thiab hu nkauj directorGeorgy Safonov.

Choir ntawm Danilov Monastery
Choir ntawm Danilov Monastery

Hnub Sunday thiab hnub so, pawg hu nkauj ntawm Danilov Monastery koom nrog kev pabcuam yawg koob. Ntxiv rau cov dej num hauv tsev teev ntuj, pab neeg koom nrog hauv ntau qhov kev kawm concerts hauv Russia thiab txawv teb chaws.

Cov nkauj hu nkauj suav nrog cov neeg sau lub tsev teev ntuj nyuaj tshaj plaws cov lus qhuab qhia rau ntau lub hnub so ntawm cov ntseeg los ntawm txhua xyoo thiab lub limtiam liturgical. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev teev ntuj, pab pawg ua ntau yam hu nkauj, carols, Lavxias teb sab pej xeem thiab tub rog-patriotic nkauj, nkauj hu nkauj, w altzes thiab romances. Nws tsis tu ncua ua studio kaw thiab tso tawm ob peb CDs ntawm ntau yam hauj lwm.

Zoo kawg

Moscow Danilov Monastery yog ib qho chaw nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub nroog. Ntau tus Orthodox pilgrims nyiam tuaj ntawm no los pe hawm lub relics dawb huv thiab thov Vajtswv. Cov qhua yeej ib txwm txais tos ntawm no - lub tsev so muaj rau cov qhua.

Yog tias koj yuav mus xyuas Danilov Monastery hauv Moscow, nws yuav tsis mob kom paub nws qhov chaw nyob: Moscow, st. Danilovsky Val, 22.

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