Mayan cov tuam tsev: qhov chaw, kos npe, cim, duab thiab tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws

2024 Tus sau: Miguel Ramacey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 06:20

Mayan cov tuam tsev yog ib lub tsev nto moo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv architecture ntawm no mysterious ancient civilization. Nws nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Central America. Nws ntseeg tau tias feem ntau ntawm lub nroog-xeev ntawm cov neeg Khab ntawm pawg neeg no tau mus txog lawv txoj kev vam meej tshaj plaws los ntawm 250 - 900 BC. Cov tuam tsev majestic tsuas yog pov thawj ntawm qhov no. Lawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua lub nroog loj. Cov laj thawj vim li cas kev vam meej poob qis tseem tsis paub txog niaj hnub no. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tham txog qhov chaw ntawm lub tuam tsev nto moo tshaj plaws, cov cim thiab cov cim uas muaj nyob hauv lawv.

yam ntxwv dav dav

Mayan cov tuam tsev yog qhov txaus siab rau cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub no. Lawv tau tsim nyob rau saum cov pyramids, qhov siab uas ncav cuag 50 - 60 meters. Cov pyramids lawv tus kheej tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub roob, nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib lub qhov tsua yawm txiv. Tias yog vim li cas qhov ntxa feem ntau muab tso rau hauv lub pyramids.

Mayan cov tuam tsev tau tsim los piav txog hom kev tawm ntawm lub qhov tsua, ntev thiab majestic stairs coj mus rau lawv. Feem ntau lawv yog square nyob rau hauv cov duab thiab nruj heev. Ib txwm tsis muaj qhov rais, nrog ib lossis ntau lub qhov rooj.

Ib yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov tuam tsev Mayan thaum ub yog "ru tsev" uas tau ua rau lub ru tsev. Nws muaj feem ntau ntawm cov decorations rau nws. Outwardly, nws yog tus qauv siab, hais txog lub verticality ntawm lub tuam tsev thiab lub tswv yim ntawm ze rau saum ntuj.

Hauv qee lub nroog, cov chaw soj ntsuam tau nyob hauv cov qauv no. Lawv yog cov square lossis round towers nrog ntaiv, nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm cov chav saib xyuas.

Tsev Vaj Qhia Ntawv

Ib lub tuam tsev nto moo tshaj plaws hauv Mayan yog hu ua Tuam Tsev ntawm Inscriptions. Qhov no yog ib qho kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm lub xyoo pua 7, ua rau lub qhov ntxa ntawm tus kav ntawm lub nceeg vaj Baakul, Pacal I. Nws nyob hauv Palenque nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub xeev Chiapas hauv Mexico.

Lub qhov ntxa tsis muaj tseeb tau pom los ntawm archaeologist Alberto Ruz Luillier hauv xyoo 1952. Lub tuam tsev tau muab lub npe, tsom mus rau ntau lub cim thiab cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm nws phab ntsa. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 617 hieroglyphs tau pom ntawm pob zeb slabs. Txog tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm lawv twb tau nyeem lawm.

Lub tuam tsev Mayan no yog lub hauv paus pyramid uas muaj cuaj theem. Nws qhov siab yog 24 meters. Piv txwv li nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm nws yog tag nrho them nrog liab plaster, uas tsis muaj dab tsi nyob rau niaj hnub no. Saum lub pylons ntawm sab qaum teb facade yog44 tus cim tau sau tseg, ntawm uas tsuas yog rau tus neeg muaj sia nyob. Ob ntawm lawv tau los ua hnub uas tsim kho thiab qhib lub tuam tsev loj.

ntxa thiab sarcophagus

Qhov nkag mus rau hauv chav faus neeg raug thaiv los ntawm ob phab ntsa, tom qab uas cov khoom qub thiab tsib lub cev pob txha ntawm cov neeg ntawm ob leeg poj niam uas tau tuag hnyav tuag tau pom. Cov no yog cov neeg yug los uas muaj koob muaj npe uas yuav tsum tau nrog Pacal hauv lub neej tom qab.

thaj tsam ntawm lub qhov ntxa yog 9x4 meters, qhov siab ntawm lub vaulted qab nthab yog li 7 meters. Muaj cov mlom plaster rau ntawm phab ntsa, uas, pom tau tias yog tus Tswv ntawm Kev Tsaus Ntuj. Nyob rau hauv Mayan mythology, cov no yog cov thawj coj ntawm 9 theem ntawm lub nceeg vaj ntawm kev tuag los yog lub ntiajteb sab hauv.

Cov sarcophagus loj nyob yuav luag tag nrho qhov chaw ntawm lub faus chamber hauv lub tuam tsev Mayan. Nws hnyav 15 tons thiab yog carved los ntawm ib pob zeb. Ntawm nws yog ib lub pob zeb loj uas hnyav dua 5.5 tons. Ntawm ob sab yog cov cim uas zais lub xyoo ntawm Pacal lub neej, nrog rau hnub tuag ntawm nws cov thawj coj.

YPyramid ntawm Kukulkan

Lwm lub tuam tsev nto moo Mayan, daim duab uas paub rau ntau tus, yog Kukulkan pyramid. Nws nyob ntawm cov ruins ntawm lub nroog qub Chichen Itza ntawm Mexican Yucatan Peninsula.

Kukulkan yog ib qho ntawm cov vajtswv loj tshaj plaws. Nws raug suav hais tias yog tus tswv ntawm dej, cua, huab cua thiab hluav taws, nrog rau tus tsim lub nroog loj thiab vaj ntxwv huab tais.

Muaj 9 kauj ruam ntawm txhua sab ntawm lub tuam tsev. Nce toj ntaiv coj los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub pyramid mus rau sab saum toj ntawm plaub sab. Nws nyob ntawm no tias txhua txhua xyoo nyob rau hnub ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiabNyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg equinox, ib qho kev pom tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem pom thaum tus duab ntxoov ntxoo los ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm cov pyramid ntog rau ntawm pob zeb ntawm lub balustrade. Lub sijhawm no, zoo li tus nab Feathered (Quetzalcoatl) los rau hauv lub neej thiab nkag mus. Lub Cuaj Hli nws nqis mus, thiab lub Peb Hlis nws nce mus.

Lub tuam tsev nrog plaub qhov nkag yog nyob rau saum lub pyramid. Nws paub tias kev txi tau ua nyob rau ntawd. Nyob rau hauv lub pyramid nws tus kheej yog sacrificial nuj nqis. Interestingly, ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam tsev, lub pyramid kuj tau ua daim ntawv qhia hnub.

Temple of the Sun

Lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv lub npe no yog nyob rau hauv lub ancient ruined nroog ntawm El Zots. Nws nyob hauv Pitin Valley thiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv pre-Columbian era. Nws ntseeg tias qhov no yog ib lub nroog loj tshaj plaws hauv Mayan. Niaj hnub no, tsuas yog pob zeb ruins, suav nrog lub Tuam Tsev Mayan Sun.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm yav dhau los, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom lub hnub ci pyramid ntawm 13 meters siab. Nyob rau ntawm nws sab saum toj yog lub qhov ntxa ntawm cov thawj coj thiab lub ruins ntawm lub palace. Lub tuam tsev no zoo kawg nkaus tsis yog rau nws cov faus neeg xwb, tab sis kuj rau nws lub ntsej muag stucco, uas qhia txog ntau yam tseem ceeb ntawm Tswv Ntuj lub Hnub.

Tam sim no, lub tuam tsev no tau raug tshem tawm thiab kawm los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm tsuas yog 30%. Raws li kev paub dhau los thiab kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los, cov kws tshawb fawb tau xaus lus tias ob-meter-siab stucco qhov ncauj qhov ntswg pab kho qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub pyramid. Saum toj no, feem ntau yuav, muaj cov lem du.

Nws ntseeg tias lub tuam tsev tau tsim los txuas tsoomfwv Mayan nrog lub hnub vajtswv.

Uxmal

Nyob hauv qabLub npe no yog lub npe hu rau lub nroog loj ntawm pawg neeg Mayan, uas nyob rau sab qaum teb hnub poob ntawm Yucatan Peninsula. Nws tau tsim nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 11th. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov nom tswv thiab kab lis kev cai chaw ntawm no civilization. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov squares loj loj flanked los ntawm cov tsev classical.

Tam sim no, thaj chaw ntawm lub nroog Uxmal tau ua tib zoo kawm los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb. Nws muaj peev xwm ua tau ib feem kev kho dua tshiab ntawm qee lub tsev.

Ntawm cov monuments ntau ntawm monumental architecture, "Palace of the Ruler" yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm. Qhov no yog ib lub tsev zoo nkauj tshaj plaws, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog mosaic frieze thiab sculptures. Ntawm no kuj yog "Castle ntawm Dwarf", lossis "Pyramid ntawm Wizard". Qhov no yog lub tuam tsev nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm 38-meter oval-shaped pyramid, sab nraud zoo li lub tsev Mayan. Ntawm kev txaus siab yog ib qho ntawm plaub lub tsev nrog ib lub koov nyob ib puag ncig lub tshav puam. Hauv phau ntawv qhia, nws tau teev tseg raws li "Convent".

Tourist experiences

Hauv lawv qhov kev tshuaj xyuas, cov neeg ncig tebchaws lees paub tias cov tuam tsev yog ib qho kev xav tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tseem tshuav tom qab taug kev mus rau Mexico. Lawv xav tsis thoob txog qhov kev xav nrog lawv qhov kev zoo nkauj thiab nplai.

Tau kawg, qee lub tuam tsev siv sijhawm ntev los taug kev tsis zoo. Tab sis yog tias koj tshwm sim hauv Mexico, koj tuaj yeem ntseeg nws yuav tsim nyog. Koj yuav tsum tau mus ncig ua si zoo li no.