Tus Ecumenical Patriarch yog Primate ntawm lub Koom Txoos Constantinople. Keeb kwm, nws suav hais tias yog thawj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov primates ntawm txhua lub koom txoos hauv zos. Qhov no txhais li cas thiab yuav ua li cas zaj dab neeg no tsim, peb yuav tham me ntsis tom qab. Tam sim no cia saib seb leej twg yog Ecumenical Patriarch. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub Kaum Hlis 22, 1991, lub npe no tau muab rau Bartholomew I (nyob hauv ntiaj teb Dimitrios Archodonis), uas kuj yog Nws Divine Txhua Tus Dawb Huv lub Archbishop ntawm Constantinople (lub npe qub ntawm lub nroog New Rome).
Patriarch
Lub npe no tau tsim thaum lub nroog Constantinople los ua lub peev ntawm Byzantine Empire. Thawj Ecumenical Patriarch Akakiy (472-489) tau raug hu ua tom qab plaub lub Rooj Sab Laj Ecumenical (451, Chalcedon). Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv txoj cai 9, 17 thiab 28, tag nrho cov imperial jurisdiction ntawm tus npis sov ntawm New Rome tau tshaj tawm, ua qhov thib ob qhov tseem ceeb tom qab Rome.
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 6, lub luag haujlwm thiab lub luag haujlwm tau txais thaum kawg hauv kev ua pej xeem thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Byzantine Empire. Tab sis lub papacy ntawm Rome tsis tau txais lub 28th canon. Nws tsuas yog cuam tshuam nrog lub koom haum ntawm VII Ecumenical Council (1438-1445) uas Rome thaum kawg tau teeb tsa. Tom qab nws tus kheej hauv lub luag haujlwm thib ob ntawm Patriarchate ntawm Constantinople.
Patriarchate nyob rau hauv Russia
Tab sis xyoo 1453 Byzantium poob tom qab lub siege ntawm Constantinople los ntawm cov tub rog Turkish. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, Ecumenical Patriarch ntawm Constantinople muaj peev xwm tuav nws txoj hauj lwm ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub ntiaj teb Christian, tab sis twb muaj nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Ottoman. Nominally, nws tseem yog lub taub hau ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj, tab sis nws yog heev qaug zog thiab qaug zog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv cov ntsiab lus, kom txog rau thaum lub patriarchate tau tsim nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab xeev (1589). Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Boris Godunov, raws li paub, txoj hauj lwm (1589) los ua thawj yawg koob nyob rau hauv Russia.
Tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, lub tebchaws Ottoman tau tso tseg. Xyoo 1923, Constantinople tau tso tseg los ua lub peev, xyoo 1930 nws tau hloov npe lub nroog Istanbul (Istanbul).
Sib ntaus sib tua
Thaum pib xyoo 1920, Patriarchate ntawm Constantinople hauv nws cov voj voog tswj hwm tau pib tsim lub tswv yim tias tag nrho Orthodox diaspora ntawm pawg ntseeg yuav tsum xa mus rau Patriarch of Constantinople. Txij li nws yog nws, raws li lub rooj sib tham ntawm Greek cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm lub npe hu ua Phanariotes, txij li tam sim no mus muaj lub meej mom ntawm kev hwm thiab lub hwj chim, yog li ntawd nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam hauv txhua yam hauv lub koom txoos ntawm lwm lub koom txoos. Lub tswv yim no tam sim ntawd raug thuam thiab raug hu ua "Eastern papism." Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau pom zoo los ntawm kev coj ua ntawm pawg ntseeg.
Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew kuv: biography
Bartholomew yog Greek los ntawm haiv neeg keeb kwm, leej twg yug Lub Ob Hlis 29, 1940 hauv Turkishnyob rau hauv cov kob ntawm Gokceada nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Zeytinli-keyu. Tom qab kawm tiav high school hauv Istanbul, nws txuas ntxiv mus kawm hauv Chalcedon Theological School thiab tau tsa tus kws txiav txim plaub hauv xyoo 1961. Tom qab ntawd nws tau ua haujlwm ob xyoos hauv tub rog Turkish.
Los ntawm 1963 txog 1968 - thaum kawm ntawm Pontifical Oriental Institute hauv Rome, tom qab ntawd kawm hauv University of Switzerland thiab Munich. Tom qab ntawd nws tau qhia hauv Pontifical Gregorian University, qhov chaw uas nws tau txais ib tug kws kho mob hauv kev ntseeg.
Xyoo 1968, kev xaiv tsa rau cov thawj tswj hwm tau tshwm sim, uas Patriarch Athenagoras kuv koom nrog. Xyoo 1972, twb nyob rau hauv Patriarch Demetrius, nws tau raug tsa los ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Patriarchal txee.
Xyoo 1973 nws tau tsa Npis Sov Lub Nroog Philadelphia, thiab xyoo 1990 nws tau los ua Lub Nroog Cheeb Tsam ntawm Chalcedon. Txij xyoo 1974 mus txog rau thaum nws tau los ua ib tug yawg koob, nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Koom Txoos thiab ntau pawg neeg koom txoos.
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1991 nws tau raug xaiv los ua Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Ecumenical ntawm lub Koom Txoos Constantinople. Enthronement tau tshwm sim rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2 ntawm tib lub xyoo.
Bartholomew thiab lub tsev teev ntuj Lavxias teb sab Orthodox
Tom qab kev tswj hwm, Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I hauv xyoo 1993 mus ntsib yawg Lavxias. Tom qab lub schism nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv 1922 (thaum Constantinople qhia nws sympathies rau lub tsev teev ntuj criminals, thiab tsis mus rau lub canonical pawg ntseeg), qhov no txhais tau hais tias ib tug thaw nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev sib raug zoo. Ntxiv mus, kev sib cais tau tshwm sim dua nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj, kev txhawb los ntawm Ukrainian tub ceev xwm, ces tus kheej-proclaimed Kyiv Patriarchate tau tshwm sim, coj los ntawm Filaret. Tab sis lub sijhawm no, Bartholomew kuv tau txhawb nqa lub canonical Metropolitan ntawm KyivNws Beatitude Vladimir (Sabodan).
Xyoo 1996, muaj kev sib cav sib ceg nrog Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church. Moscow tsis lees paub lub tsev teev ntuj qauv ntawm Patriarchate ntawm Constantinople hauv Estonia li canonical. Lub npe ntawm Bartholomew rau qee lub sijhawm txawm raug cais tawm ntawm lub diptychs ntawm Lavxias Orthodox Church.
Kev sib ntsib
Hauv xyoo 2006, qhov xwm txheej tsis sib haum xeeb tshwm sim hauv Sourozh Diocese ntawm MP hauv Isles Isles. Vim li ntawd, Npis Sov Basil, nws tus thawj tswj hwm qub, tau txais mus rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lub Koom Txoos Constantinople, tab sis sai li sai tau tawm ntawm qhov ntawd ntawm lub siab xav yuav.
Nyob rau xyoo 2008, nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm 1020th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev cai raus dej ntawm Russia, Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Ukraine V. Yushchenko tau tos Patriarch Bartholomew qhov kev pom zoo rau kev koom ua ke ntawm Ukrainian pawg ntseeg rau hauv ib lub koom txoos hauv zos, tab sis tsis tau txais.
Hauv xyoo 2009, Patriarch Kirill ntawm Moscow tau tuaj xyuas lub tsev ntawm Patriarch of Constantinople. Thaum lub rooj sib tham, ntau yam tseem ceeb tau tham txog, thaum Bartholomew cog lus tias yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau pawg ntseeg xwm txheej hauv Ukraine.
Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 2010, muaj lub rooj sib tham rov qab los hauv Moscow, qhov twg lub ntsiab lus ntawm Great Pan-Orthodox Council tau tham txog. Bartholomew kuj tau hu rau cov neeg ntseeg uas tsis ntseeg ntawm Ukraine rov qab mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj canonical.
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm Patriarch Bartholomew nrog lub Koom Txoos Roman Catholic
Xyoo 2006, Bartholomew tau caw Pope Benedict XVI mus rau Istanbul, thiab lub rooj sib tham tau tshwm sim. Tus Ecumenical Orthodox Patriarch hauv kev sib tham tu siab rau obcov pawg ntseeg tseem tsis tau koom ua ke.
Hauv 2014, lub rooj sib tham ntawm Patriarch thiab Pope Francis tau tshwm sim hauv Yeluxalees. Nws raug suav hais tias yog tus kheej, kev sib tham feem ntau yog ecumenical, uas tam sim no nws tau thuam ntau heev.
Qhov tseeb tiag ntawm lub rooj sib tham no yog qhov tseeb tias Pope Francis, ua lub cim ntawm kev txo hwj chim, hnia txhais tes ntawm yawg suab, uas, dhau los, lus zoo thiab ua siab ntev teb nrog tus ntoo khaub lig hnia.
Ecumenical patriarchs: list
Patriarchs ntawm lub sijhawm kawg:
- Dorotheos ntawm Prussia (1918-1921);
- Meletius IV (1921-1923);
- Gregory VII (1923-1924);
- Konstantin VII (1924-1925);
- Vasily III (1925-1929);
- Fotiy II (1929-1935);
- Benjamin (1936-1946);
- Maxim V (1946-1948);
- Athenagoras (1948-1972);
- Demetrius I (1972-1991);
- Bartholomew kuv (1991).
Zoo kawg
Tsis ntev, Lub Rau Hli 2016, Lub Rooj Sib Tham Zoo Tshaj Plaws-Orthodox yuav muaj, qhov twg ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb yuav tau tham txog - tus cwj pwm ntawm lub Koom Txoos Orthodox rau lwm lub koom txoos ntseeg. Yuav muaj ntau yam kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab kev tsis pom zoo. Tom qab tag nrho, tam sim no tag nrho cov kwv tij Orthodox muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev tuav, raws li nws tseem hu ua, Lub Yim Hli Ecumenical Council. Txawm hais tias xws li lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws yuav tsis raug, vim tsis muaj lub tsev teev ntuj canons yuav tau tham txog ntawm nws, vim hais tias txhua yam tau txiav txim siab ntev thiab tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv.
Lub Rooj Sib Tham zaum kawg tau tuav hauv 787 hauv Nicaea. Thiab ces tseem tsis muaj Catholic schism, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Koom Txoos Christian nyob rau hauv 1054, tom qab uas lub Western (Catholic) nrog ib tug chaw nyob rau hauv Rome thiab sab hnub tuaj (Orthodox) nrog ib tug chaw nyob rau hauv Constantinople. Tom qab kev sib cais no, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Ecumenical twb yog qhov tseem ceeb ua tsis tau.
Tab sis yog lub Koom Txoos Catholic xav koom ua ke nrog Orthodox, qhov no yuav tshwm sim tsuas yog tias nws hloov siab lees txim thiab ua neej nyob raws li cov cai ntawm Orthodoxy, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua lwm yam. Qhov no kuj tseem siv tau rau lwm lub tsev teev ntuj, suav nrog schismatic Kyiv Patriarchate, uas, rau nws feem, tseem tos rau kev lees paub thiab kev sib koom ua ke.
