Kev piav qhia ntawm St. Sampson Cathedral. St. Sampson Cathedral nyob rau hauv St

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev piav qhia ntawm St. Sampson Cathedral. St. Sampson Cathedral nyob rau hauv St
Kev piav qhia ntawm St. Sampson Cathedral. St. Sampson Cathedral nyob rau hauv St

Video: Kev piav qhia ntawm St. Sampson Cathedral. St. Sampson Cathedral nyob rau hauv St

Video: Kev piav qhia ntawm St. Sampson Cathedral. St. Sampson Cathedral nyob rau hauv St
Video: 【4K】The Great Mosque of Damascus - SYRIA 2020 | Umayyad Mosque الجامع الأموي‎ 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

St. Petersburg muaj qee yam ua rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws xav tsis thoob. Drawbridges, granite embankments thiab txias ripples ntawm Neva tsim rau nws lub koob meej ntawm Northern Palmyra. Muaj ntau ntau yam architectural monuments nyob rau hauv lub nroog. Lub nroog sab qaum teb, tsis zoo li Moscow, tsis tuaj yeem khav ntawm keeb kwm uas rov qab mus rau ntau pua xyoo, tab sis nws kuj muaj nws cov khoom qub. Lub hom phiaj ntawm tsab xov xwm no yuav yog St. Sampson Cathedral nyob rau hauv St. Qhov no yog ib lub tsev teev ntuj tshaj plaws uas muaj sia nyob mus txog niaj hnub no. Ntxiv nrog rau kev nthuav dav architecture, lub tsev teev ntuj kuj tseem nyiam cov neeg ntseeg siab, vim tias muaj koj tuaj yeem venerate relics ntawm St. Sampson. Qhov no yog lub tsev teev ntuj nquag, tus rector uas tau tsa Archpriest Alexander Pelin. Tab sis lub tsev teev ntuj kuj ua hauj lwm ua ib lub tsev cia puav pheej. Lub cim iconostases ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tsis yog tsuas yog muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov ntseeg Orthodox xwb, tab sis kuj muaj qee yam keeb kwm thiab kev coj noj coj ua. Lub monument rau Peter lub Great kuj tsis raug muab tso rau ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj no. Tom qab tag nrho, lub tsev teev ntuj yog ze ze nrog keeb kwm ntawm pebFatherland thiab nws cov yeej muaj koob meej.

Sampson Cathedral
Sampson Cathedral

Backstory

Nyob hauv tebchaws Russia, cov tsev teev ntuj mob siab rau cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tau tsim los ntev. Thiab cov cathedrals tau mob siab rau cov neeg ntseeg, nyob rau hnub uas hnub no tau tshwm sim raws li daim ntawv qhia hnub Orthodox. Ua piv txwv, peb tuaj yeem hais lub Koom Txoos ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv Martyr Panteleimon. Hnub veneration ntawm nws lub cim xeeb yog ua kev zoo siab los ntawm Orthodox lub Xya hli ntuj 27. Nws yog hnub no hauv 1714 thiab xyoo 1720 uas Peter lub Great yeej kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Gangut thiab Grenam. Raws li tib lub logic, lub tsev teev ntuj St. Sampson Cathedral nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg tau tsim. Tab sis yeej yeej los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Peter lub Great nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Poltava (Lub rau hli ntuj 27, raws li cov qub style - Lub Xya hli ntuj 8) nyob rau hauv 1709 yog heev tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws tig lub tide ntawm tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab-Swedish tsov rog. Qhov no yog li cas historians ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Poltava. Thiab txij li thaum Orthodoxy ua kev nco txog Monk Sampson lub Hospitable thaum Lub Rau Hli 27, lub npe rau lub tuam tsev twb tau hais tseg ntev ua ntej nws tsim. Peter the Great tsis tau tos txog qhov ua tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev fij rau lub tuam tsev uas peb pom niaj hnub no. Nws tau ua tiav thaum lub sij hawm kav ntawm Empress Anna Ioannovna.

Sampson Cathedral
Sampson Cathedral

Keeb Kwm ntawm Cathedral

Peter the Great ntseeg tau hais tias lub cim xeeb ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Poltava yuav tsum nyob hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm tag nrho cov neeg Lavxias. Yog li ntawd, tam sim ntawd tom qab lub yeej, nws hais kom tsim kho ntawm St. Sampson Cathedral. Qhov chaw rau nws tau xaiv nrog ib tug hint. Ib xyoo tom qab ntawd, nyob rau sab ntawm txoj kev loj uas ua rau Vyborg - mus rau Sweden, ib lub tsev teev ntuj ntoo raug tsa. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo 1710, nws tau fij thiab muaj npe tom qabSampson lub Koom Txoos Kav Tos Liv. Tam sim no nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj qub no yog lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm lub Cathedral. Txij li thaum nws nyob sab nraum lub nroog ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum yim, nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim ib lub toj ntxas tshiab nyob rau ntawd. Kaum yim xyoo tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1728, kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev pob zeb tshiab pib. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li feem ntau tshwm sim hauv Russia, tsis muaj nyiaj txaus faib rau kev tsim kho lub tsev. Kev tsim kho tau khov thiab txuas ntxiv tsuas yog hauv Anna Ioannovna. Lub tsev tau fij rau hauv 1740.

Sampson Cathedral-Museum

Ua ntej lub Kaum Hli Ntuj tig, lub tuam tsev tau rov kho dua. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau xyoo 1830, lub tsev teev ntuj sab hauv tau rov tsim dua, thaum lub sij hawm uas cov cam khwb cia hlau tau hloov nrog pob zeb. Lub tsev teev ntuj complex tau puas thaum lub kiv puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv 1933, tag nrho cov tswb raug tshem tawm ntawm lub belfry, tshwj tsis yog ib tug, uas raug kev txom nyem tom qab, nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1942, vim lub plhaub ntaus. Xyoo 1938 lub tsev teev ntuj raug kaw. Tau ntev, muaj ib lub khw muag khaub ncaws npaj txhij. Xyoo 2000, Sampson Cathedral memorial tsev cia puav pheej tau qhib thaum kawg. Rau ob xyoos tom ntej no, cov neeg ua haujlwm kho dua tshiab tau ua haujlwm kho kom zoo nkauj pleev xim rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub ntsiab nave. Peb twb tau hais tias St. Sampson Cathedral yog lub tsev teev ntuj Orthodox ua haujlwm. Thawj liturgy tau tuav tom qab rov fwm lub tsev teev ntuj thaum lub Tsib Hlis 21, 2002. Tam sim no cov kev pabcuam muaj nyob rau ntawd txhua hnub.

Sampson Cathedral nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg
Sampson Cathedral nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg

Sampson Cathedral: yuav ua li cas mus txog qhov ntawd

Ib txoj kev los yog lwm qhov, lub tsev teev ntuj tsim sab nraum lub nroog tau dhau los ua ib lub tsev teev ntuj qub tshaj plaws nyob hauv St. Nws, akuj yog lub monument rau Peter lub Great, nyob ze, yog ib qho ntawm kaum "yuav tsum pom" cov khoom ntawm sab qaum teb lub nroog. Qhov chaw nyob ntawm no attraction yog dab tsi? St. Sampson Cathedral nyob qhov twg ntawm daim ntawv qhia lub nroog? St. Petersburg, Bolshoi Sampsonievsky Prospekt (raws li lub Vyborgsky Trakt yog tam sim no hu ua), 41. Nws yog heev yooj yim mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj, uas tau ntev los ua ib lub nroog, thiab tsis yog ib tug suburban ib tug. Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws mus txog yog los ntawm metro. Koj yuav tsum tau tawm ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb Vyborgskaya. Qhov no yog sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm qhov chaw. Lub sijhawm no, lub Koom Txoos St. Sampson yog ib feem ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm St. Isaac's Cathedral. Nws yog tag nrho architectural complex. Nws suav nrog lub tsev teev ntuj nws tus kheej, lub tswb pej thuam, lub tsev teev ntuj thiab lub qhov ntxa loj - txhua yam uas tseem tshuav ntawm ib lub toj ntxas loj.

Petersburg Sampson Cathedral
Petersburg Sampson Cathedral

Stone Church

Tag nrho cov vaj tsev ua vaj tse yog pleev xim rau hauv lub teeb xiav. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tsev tau tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv thiab sib txawv. Lub tsev pob zeb ntawm St. Sampson Cathedral thiab lub tswb pej thuam tau ua tiav xyoo 1740. Tus kws kes duab vajtse tseem tsis paub. Cov kws tshawb fawb tsuas tuaj yeem xav tias tus sau ntawm cov qauv no yog Mikhail Zemtsov lossis Giuseppe Trezzini. Lub uniqueness ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog nyob rau hauv kev sib xyaw ntawm style. Nws taug qab ob qho tib si pre-Petrine architectural cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus hu ua los ntawm cov kws txawj "Annensky baroque" (tom qab lub npe ntawm Empress Anna Ioannovna). Thaum xub thawj, lub tuam tsev tau crowned nrog ib lub dome loj rau ntawm lub nruas siab. Tab sis xyoo 1761 plaub lub khob me me tau daig rau nws. Xws li lub ru tsev - tsib domes domes -saib zoo nkauj txawv txawv. Lub tsev tau ua los ntawm cib rau ntawm lub hauv paus limestone. Qhov siab ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj mus rau lub cornice yog yim meters, thiab mus rau lub crusade crowning lub dome yog peb caug-tsib meters. Ib tug refectory nyob ib sab ntawm lub tuam tsev.

Sampson Cathedral Tsev khaws puav pheej
Sampson Cathedral Tsev khaws puav pheej

Belfry

Nws yog feem ntau yuav yog lub hlwb ntawm tib tus kws kos duab uas tsim St. Sampson Cathedral. Lub tswb pej thuam yog tshwj xeeb rau St. Petersburg, raws li nws nqa cov ntsiab lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab style ntawm pre-Petrine era. Lub tsev muab faib ua peb theem. Qhov qis dua zoo li dav dua ua tsaug rau ob sab outbuildings. Nws muaj qhov qhib nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug arch. Cov tiers sab saud yog ua nyob rau hauv Tuscan style. Nyob rau hauv pem teb thib ob muaj cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj "qhov rais cuav". Nyob rau hauv lub thib peb theem ntawm lub belfry muaj ib tug tswb ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Tag nrho lub tsev yog crowned nrog ib lub tsev pheeb suab nrog yim sab. Nws kuj qhia tau hais tias qhov rais cuav, saum toj no uas nce lub dome dome nrog tus ntoo khaub lig. Lub tswb nrov no yog qhov tsis zoo rau St. Petersburg, tab sis paub zoo rau cov neeg nyob hauv lub nroog Lavxias thaum ub - Yaroslavl, Moscow, Solikamsk thiab lwm yam.

Sampson Cathedral St. Petersburg
Sampson Cathedral St. Petersburg

Chapel

Nws sawv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm thawj St. Sampson Cathedral ntawm 1710. Thaum lub tsev ntoo poob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj, thiab cov pej xeem ntawm lub diocese nce ntau heev uas nws yuav tsis haum rau hauv ib lub tsev teev ntuj me me, nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim ib lub tsev teev ntuj pob zeb. Lub tsev teev ntuj ntoo raug rhuav tshem, thiab qhov chaw tau raug tshem tawm. Tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1909 ib lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsa rau ntawm nws. Lub tsev no txawv txawv nyob rau hauv style ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj thiab lub tswb pej thuam. Nws tau tsim los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse A. P. Aplaksin,uas ua haujlwm ntawm F. B. Rastrelli tau ua tus qauv. Cov kws tshaj lij hu cov style no rau Elizabethan Baroque thiab nco ntsoov tias nws tau siv ntau dua li nws lub sijhawm. Lub tswb pej thuam zoo li qub dua nws tiag tiag. Cov tsos ntawm lub tsev ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum yim yog muab rau nws los ntawm ib tug khub ntawm kaum kab, ib tug puag ncig pediment nrog "Tag nrho cov-pom qhov muag ntawm tus Tswv", ib tug lucarne thiab ib lub teeb nrog ib tug dome dome. Tej zaum xws li "antique" cuav tau hais los ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau tso lub tsev teev ntuj ncaj qha rau ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum yim.

toj siab

Vim lub tuam tsev muab siab rau Sampson nyob sab nraum lub nroog, nws tsim nyog tsim ib lub toj ntxas nyob ntawd. Yav tas los, cov neeg raug faus nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv pawg ntseeg pawg ntseeg. Lub parish ntawm lub suburb yog me me, thiab qhov chaw yog khoob. Tom qab ntawd nws tau txiav txim siab faus cov neeg txawv teb chaws uas tuag hauv Russia nyob ntawd. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv yog ib hom ntawm wanderers uas tau ncaim lub ntiaj teb no mus rau txawv teb chaws. Yog li ntawd lawv yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm Sampson lub Hospitable. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg ua haujlwm nto moo uas tau tsim thiab kho kom zoo nkauj St. Petersburg pom lawv qhov chaw zaum kawg ntawm no. St. Sampson Cathedral tau los ua qhov chaw so ntawm tus kws kos duab Giuseppe Trezzini, A. Schluter, G. Mattarnovi, J.-B. Leblon, sculptor C. Rastrelli, painters S. Torelli thiab L. Caravaca. Hmoov tsis zoo, lub toj ntxas no tsis tau khaws cia. Nyob rau hauv 1885, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Empress Catherine II, nws yog liquidated, thiab nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw tsuas yog lub qhov ntxa loj ntawm Biron cov neeg sib tw tua nyob rau lub rau hli ntuj 27, 1740 - P. Yeropkin, A. Khrushchov thiab A. Volynsky. Ib tug monument nrog ib tug bas-relief los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse M. Shchurupov thiab sculptor A. Opekushin tau tsa rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lawv faus.

Tsev khaws puav pheej Monument Sampson Cathedral
Tsev khaws puav pheej Monument Sampson Cathedral

Iconostases

Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov qauv, yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab nrauv ntawm lub tuam tsev, kuj tau pom nyob rau hauv nws sab hauv. "Annensky Baroque" tuaj yeem taug qab hauv peb lub cim ntawm St. Sampson Cathedral. Ntawm tus nqi tshwj xeeb yog lub ntsiab, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus nave. Nws yog ib qho amazing masterpiece ntawm Lavxias teb sab icon painting los ntawm thaum ntxov XIX caug xyoo. Lub ntsiab ncej yog ua los ntawm ntoo thuv, thiab cov ntsiab lus décor yog ua los ntawm linden. Nyob rau sab qab teb aisle (Michael the Archangel) thiab sab qaum teb (John theologian) muaj plaub-tiered iconostases me me. Lawv muaj ntau me me qhov ntev, tab sis tsis yog qis dua rau lub ntsiab ntawm tus nqi kos duab. Cov neeg tuaj saib xav paub yuav ua li cas cov iconostases tuaj yeem khaws cia ze ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj nrog cov keeb kwm nyuaj, uas tau ua lub tsev khaws khoom noj zaub thiab lub khw muag khaub ncaws. Yuav luag ob feem peb ntawm cov duab kos rau lub tsev teev ntuj rooj vag raug xa rov qab mus rau lub tuam tsev los ntawm A. Suvorov Tsev khaws puav pheej.

Monument to Peter the Great

Hnub ntawm kev ua koob tsheej ntawm bicentenary ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Poltava (1909), nws tau txiav txim siab qhib cov duab puab rau tus yeej hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua no. Rau qhov no, qhov seem ntawm lub toj ntxas ntawm Sampson Cathedral raug tshem tawm. Lub monument rau Peter lub Great yog tsim los ntawm tus sculptor M. M. Antokolsky thiab kws kes duab vajtse N. E. Lansere. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov plaques memorial tau qhib rau sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb ntawm lub tuam tsev, qhov chaw uas cov lus ntawm huab tais rau nws cov tub rog ua ntej thiab tom qab Tsov Rog ntawm Poltava tau kos. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1938 lub monument rau Peter lub Great raug rhuav tshem. Thiab tsuas yog ntau xyoo tom qab, nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis 2003, lub landmark ntawm St. Petersburg tau rov cam khwb cia raws li tus sau tus qauv thiab tsim nyob rau hauv nws thawj qhov chaw - opposite lub tswb pej thuam. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej "St. Isaac's Cathedral" tau faib nyiaj rau qhov no.

kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv

Ntxiv rau cov iconostases, cov duab ntsa zoo nkauj ntawm lub tuam tsev tau khaws cia. Daim duab ci tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab nave. Nws depicts Peter lub Great ua tus yeej ntawm Poltava sib ntaus sib tua. Tsis tas li ntawm qhov txaus siab yog cov duab kos duab "Vajtswv Sabaoth" thiab "Symbol of Faith", nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob ntawm lub refectory. Cov paintings hnub tim los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum yim. Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puas xyoo, cov seem ntawm lub cim ntawm Sampson Cathedral tuaj yeem pom ntawm no, nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm tus Tswv lub tsho ntev, ib lub pob zeb los ntawm hauv qab Nws ob txhais taw thiab cov relics ntawm cov ntseeg raug muab tso rau. Cov tsev teev ntuj no tau muab tso rau hauv cov tsev teev ntuj nyiaj. Thiab lub thaj neeb tau crowned nrog ib tug icon, uas piav txog lub ntsej muag ntawm cov neeg uas nws relics khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev.

Pom zoo: