Metropolitan yog Metropolitans ntawm Lavxias teb sab Church

2024 Tus sau: Miguel Ramacey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 06:20

Metropolitan yog kev txiav txim siab ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntawm qib siab hauv lub Koom Txoos Christian. Thawj qhov kev hais tawm ntawm lub npe raug kaw nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Thawj Ecumenical Council, tuav hauv Nicaea hauv 325. Nws qhov chaw nyob hauv tus ntaiv hierarchical kuj tau xaj nyob ntawd.

Church hierarchy

Nyob hauv tebchaws Loos, cov nroog loj hauv xeev tau hu ua nroog loj. Ib tug npis sov uas muaj lub tsev teev ntuj, uas yog, nws qhov chaw nyob, hu ua lub nroog loj hauv nroog.

Lub nroog yog lub npe siab tshaj ntawm tus npis sov. Thiab tus npis sov (tus saib xyuas, saib xyuas), dhau los, muaj qib thib peb ntawm lub pov thawj hwj, tom qab tus kws txiav txim plaub thiab tus thawj tswj hwm (nws kuj yog pov thawj, nws kuj yog pov thawj). Yog li ntawd, ib tug npis sov feem ntau hu ua ib tug npis sov. "Archi" yog ib feem uas los ntawm cov lus Greek thiab ua haujlwm los xaiv lub tsev teev ntuj siab. Cov npisov kav lub dioceses thiab subordinate rau lub nroog. Yog hais tias lub diocese loj, ces cov npis sov los yog cov npis sov tswj nws hu ua archbishops. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj, lub honourary title tam sim ntawd raws lub nroog.

Externalsib txawv

Lub tsev teev ntuj siab tshaj no nyob sab nraud txawv ntawm lub taub hau - klobuk. Cov npisov hnav dub, archbishops hnav dub nrog tus ntoo khaub lig ua los ntawm cov hlau thiab pob zeb, thiab cov nroog loj hnav dawb hoods nrog tib tus ntoo khaub lig. Lawv kuj txawv ntawm robes. Yog li, rau cov npis sov thiab cov archbishops lawv yog ntshav lossis liab tsaus, rau lub nroog - xiav, Patriarch hnav lub tsho ntsuab. Thaum lub sij hawm Great Lent, tag nrho cov episcopal robes yog dub. Metropolitan yog lub npe hu ua koob tsheej. Txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub npe zoo li no yog ib yam khoom plig, ib daim paib ntawm kev sib txawv uas tau muab rau kev tsim txiaj. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj, cov qeb ntawm archbishops thiab lub nroog yog muab tsub rau cov npis sov rau tus kheej cov kev pab cuam rau lub tsev teev ntuj. Lawv kuj muab rau kev pab ntev.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias lub nroog yog lub npe qub tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj Christian. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb hauv pawg ntseeg ntseeg tias cov nroog loj yog cov thwj tim, lwm tus qhia txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev txiav txim rau lub xyoo pua 2, thaum nws tsim nyog los tswj hwm lub koom txoos lub hwj chim.

Thiab hauv 325 thiab 341 ntawm Pawg Npis Sov lub meej mom no tsuas yog thaum kawg tsim. Lub hwj chim tau sau tseg, uas tau nce ntau hauv ntim. Txhua yam tau raug cai thiab tswj hwm, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntxiv lawm. Pawg Sab Laj ntawm Toledo, tuav hauv 589, ntxiv nthuav txoj cai ntawm lub nroog - tam sim no nws tuaj yeem rau txim rau cov npisov hauv nws txoj cai. Feem ntau, cov lus qhuab qhia Christian tau tsim nyob rau hauv Pawg Sab Laj ntawm 4th - 8th centuries. Cov xyoo tom ntej no tsis muaj dab tsiCov kev hloov tseem ceeb.

Rus tau ua kev cai raus dej thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 10th nyob rau hauv Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich. Feem ntau, nws tau hais tias nyob rau hauv 988, tab sis qee cov keeb kwm kuj hu ua 991. Kuj tseem tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tseeb ntawm thawj lub nroog Kiev. Tab sis txij li xyoo pua 16th, nws tau xav tias nws yog Michael. Nws kuj muaj lub npe Syrian, vim hais tias los ntawm haiv neeg nws yog Greek los yog Syrian.

Nws ntseeg tias Lub Nroog Michael thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj nrog nws ua lub tsev teev ntuj Zlatoverkho-Mikhailovsky thiab Kiev-Mezhegorsky. Lub nroog Leonty tsis txaus siab rau qhov tseem ceeb, qee qhov chaw hu nws thawj lub nroog nrog tib lub sijhawm kav - 992-1008. Tom qab ntawd tuaj Theophylact, John I, Theopempt, Cyril kuv tus Greek. Cov hnub ntawm txhua tus ntawm no yog sib cav. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias lawv txhua tus yog neeg txawv teb chaws.

Thawj Russian

Thiab tsuas yog Metropolitan Hilarion (Rusin) uas tau txais qib no hauv 1051 thiab kav lub tsev teev ntuj kom txog rau thaum 1054 yog ib haiv neeg. Nws tuag nyob ib ncig ntawm 1088. Nws coj lub tsev teev ntuj thaum lub sij hawm ntawm Yaroslav the Wise. Glorified raws li ib tug neeg dawb huv - nyob rau hauv lub Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj, cov no yog cov neeg dawb huv los ntawm lub episcopal qeb. Nws yog tus sau phau ntawv "Lords on Law and Grace", sau los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv 1030-1050. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau sau "Kev Thov Vajtswv", "Kev lees txim ntawm Kev Ntseeg".

Metropolitan Hilarion kuj tau sau Kev qhuas rau Yaroslav the Wise. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsawg heev txog lub neej ntawm Hilarion, tab sis cov lus dab neeg ntawm Bygone Xyoo qhia tias kev tsim kho ntawm Kiev-Pechersk Lavra pib nyob rau hauv 1051, uas yog, thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Hilarion. ATNovgorod II Chronicle qhia tias xyoo 1054 Ephraim tau los ua lub nroog Kiev. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm xav tias tam sim ntawd tom qab kev tuag ntawm Yaroslav the Wise hauv 1054, Hilarion raug tshem tawm.

Saint and Wonderworker

Metropolitan Alexy yog ib tus neeg tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj. Nws yog nws leej twg yog tus patron saum ntuj ceeb tsheej ntawm ob lub npe nrov Patriarchs ntawm Moscow thiab Tag nrho Russia - Alexy I (Sergey Vladimirovich Simansky, Patriarch ntawm 1945 txog 1970) thiab Alexy II (Alexey Mikhailovich Ridiger, Patriarch los ntawm 1990 txog 2008).

Haiv neeg ntawm ib tsev neeg boyar, tus tub ntawm Fyodor Byakont, yawg koob ntawm ob peb tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe, xws li Pleshcheevs thiab Ignatievs. Wonderworker ntawm tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab thiab Saint ntawm Moscow (canonized 50 xyoo tom qab nws tuag), Metropolitan Alexy tau txais kev vam meej nyob rau hauv nws lub neej raws li ib tug loj statesman thiab subtle diplomat. Nws tau suav nrog hauv Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lithuania thiab Horde, uas nws muaj kev sib cuag ntawm lwm yam - Alexy kho Khansha Taidula los ntawm tus kab mob qhov muag. Txij li thaum 1354, Elevfery Fedorovich Byakont (nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no), tsa los ntawm Patriarch ntawm Constantinople mus rau lub post ntawm Metropolitan ntawm Kyiv thiab tag nrho cov Russia, nyob rau hauv daim teb no mus txog rau thaum nws tuag nyob rau hauv 1378. Nws nrhiav tau ntau lub tsev teev ntuj, suav nrog Chudov Monastery hauv Kremlin. Lub Kremlin nws tus kheej pib rebuilt nyob rau hauv pob zeb nyob rau hauv nws. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub monastery, nws nrhiav tau Spaso-Andronikov, Simonov, Vvedensky Vladychny thiab Serpukhov monasteries. Ob peb lub tsev teev ntuj sau rau nws tus cwj mem. Lub relics dawb huv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm txuj ci tseem ceeb hauv xyoo 1947 yogtsiv mus rau Elokhov Epiphany Cathedral nyob rau hauv Moscow, qhov chaw lawv so rau hnub no.

Cov neeg sib tw hauv nroog

Txij thaum lub sijhawm ua kev cai raus dej ntawm Russia thiab txog rau xyoo pua XIV, lub teb chaws yog ib lub nroog loj, lub taub hau uas tau tsa hauv Constantinople. Lawm, feem ntau ntawm cov nroog xa tuaj tsis yog Lavxias. Cov thawj coj xav pom cov neeg nyob hauv cov ntawv no, vim tias ua ntej yawg suab tau qhia hauv Russia xyoo 1589, cov nroog loj nyob ntawm lub taub hau ntawm pawg ntseeg hierarchy, thiab ntau nyob ntawm lawv. Thawj Lavxias teb sab Kiev lub taub hau ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog Clement (Smolyatich, reigned 1147-1156). Tom qab ntawd kuj muaj Greeks thiab Bulgarians nyob rau hauv no ncej. Tab sis los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub reign ntawm Theodosius (1461-1464), thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm tag nrho cov autocephaly ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, nws yog feem ntau coj los ntawm Lavxias teb sab nroog loj, uas los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd pib hu ua "Moscow thiab tag nrho cov Russia"..

Ib lub tsev teev ntuj tseem ceeb thiab cov neeg tshaj tawm uas tau tso tseg cov keeb kwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev sau ntawv, Theodosius (Byv altsev) muaj npe nrov vim yog thawj lub nroog Moscow uas tau tsa los ntawm tus huab tais Lavxias, thiab tsis yog yawg koob ntawm Constantinople. Lub tsev teev ntuj siab tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj yog lub nroog Moscow, ua ntej kev tsim tsa yawg koob los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev kav ntawm Theodosius, Philip I thiab Gerontius, Zosima thiab Simon tseem hnav. Thiab kuj Varlaam thiab Daniel, Yauxej thiab Macarius, Athanasius thiab Philip II, Cyril, Anthony thiab Dionysius tau txais nws lem. Txoj hauj lwm Metropolitan ntawm Moscow twb yog thawj Patriarch.